The digestive system breaks down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and used by cells in the body. Digestion begins mechanically in the mouth through chewing and continues through the esophagus and stomach with enzymes. In the small intestine, the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder further break down food as it is absorbed by the body. Undigested waste moves to the large intestine where water is absorbed before exiting through the rectum and anus. Proper care of the digestive system involves eating a balanced diet, staying hydrated, exercising, seeing a doctor if issues persist, and undergoing recommended tests.

1. THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

2. DIGESTION
-the process of reducing
food into smaller molecules
that can be absorbed into
the body and used by the
cells in the body

3. Types of Digestion
 Mechanical Phase
- process which food is acted
upon physically or mechanically
- means grinding, cutting and
mashing large bits of food into
fine mixture

4. Types of Digestion
 Chemical Phase
- it needs actions of
digestive enzymes into more
soluble form

5. Your digestive tracts or food tube
consist of the following: (1) mouth (2)
esophagus (3) stomach (4) small
intestine (5) large intestine (6) anus
The accessory organs are (1)
salivary glands (2) pancreas (3) liver
(4) gallbladder

6. Digestion from the Mouth
Mouth is where
digestion first
begins. Food starts
in your mouth and
you begin digestion
by chewing with
your teeth. Food
mixes with your
salvia to make a
soft ball of food.
Next the ball of
food moves into the
esophagus.
Click to
hear what
digestion
sounds like
in your
mouth!

7. Digestion from the Mouth
 Saliva – lubricates the food
and secretes an
enzyme, ptyalin or salivary
amylase, that convert starch
to maltose

8. Digestion from the Mouth
 Tongue –
pushes the food
to the back of
your mouth
 Bolus – a
soft, mass of
rounded ball of
food that is
being chewed

9. Digestion in the Esophagus
 Pharynx – an alimentary canal
where food goes down after the
digestion in the mouth
 Epiglottis- a flap of tissue that closes
over the trachea to prevent the food
from entering

10. Digestion in the Esophagus
 Esophagus
- a tube that is about 25
cm long connecting the
mouth to the stomach
- carries the food down
the stomach
- smooth muscles move
the food down toward
the stomach

11. Digestion in the Stomach
 Stomach
– a large J-shape organ found
at the end of the esophagus
-large muscular sac that
continues the mechanical and
chemical digestion of food.
- it is where partial digestion
of food happens

12. Digestion in the Stomach

13. Digestion in the Stomach
 Cardiac spincter – closes and opens
to allow the flow of food from the
esophagus to the stomach
 Pepsin – enzymes secreted in the
stomach that breaks down the protein

14. Digestion in the Stomach
 Pyloric valve or spincter – opens
and closes to allow the food getting in
the small intestine
 Chyme – partial product retained in
the stomach before transferring into
the small intestine

15. Digestion in the Small Intestine
 It is where the final digestion and
absorption of food take place
3 Major Parts
Duodenum – upper 20 cm
Jejunum – 2.5 meters long
Ileum – longest half coiled
into the abdominal
cavity

16. Digestion in the Small Intestine

17. PANCREAS
- it secretes
hormones that
regulate blood
glucose
-and secretes
pancreatic juice
that nutralizes the
acid in the stomach

18. LIVER AND BILE
 The liver is the largest gland in your
body that carries the gall bladder
 Gall bladder – produces a blue green
fluid called bile

19. LIVER

20. GALL BLADDER

21. LARGE INTESTINE

22. LARGE INTESTINE
 Undigested food goes down into
the large intestine
 It is where the absorption of
water is happen
 Keeps water inside your body so
that you do not dehydrate
 It is also called as colon


23. RECTUM AND ANUS
The rectum and anus are part of your
large intestines. They release your waste
material from the body.
 Rectum – 20 to 30 cm
 Anus – end of the alimentary canal

24. RECTUM AND ANUS

25. How can we take care of our
digestive system?

26. How can we take care of our
digestive system?
 step1: Eat right, consume
protein, carbohydrates in right amount
and make sure you get plenty of fiber.
Eat on right time schedule.
 step2: Drink plenty of water and avoid
sugary drinks or those that contain
caffeine. Limit alcohol drinks to 2 times
a day.
 step3: Exercise. Moving around helps
things move along

28.  step4: Be alert problems that don't go
away. Symptoms such as
heartburn, constipation and stomach
upset can be caused by as serious as
cancer. If you've been suffering for
more than a couple of weeks, see your
doctor.
 step5: Get scheduled tests. your
doctor will tell you when you need to
have regular colonoscopy to find and
remove precancerous polyps. If your
doctor recommend you other tests, get
those as well.

29.  step6: Quit smoking!!!
Among the many
reasons to quit
smoking, it contributes
digestive problems such
as
heartburn, ulcers, and
gallstones.