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The Cold War:
The Battle of Ideas
HIS 102 Western Civilization II
Kara Heitz
Cold War global alliances (c. 1980)
Major Proxy Wars of the Cold War
• Greek Civil War, 1946–1949
• Korean War, 1950–1953
• Suez Crisis, 1956–1957
• Cuban Revolution, 1953–1959
• Vietnam War, 1957–1975
• Guatemalan Civil War, 1960–1996
• Congo Crisis, 1960–1965
• Angolan Civil War, 1974–2002
• Afghan-Soviet War, 1979–1989
• Invasion of Grenada, 1983
• Nicaraguan Civil War, 1979–1990
• Salvadoran Civil War, 1980–1992
NATO and Warsaw Pact
troop strengths in
Europe, 1959
The Cold War as
a Battle of Ideas
• Case: Expo 58
– Held in Brussels
– First major World’s
Fair after WWII
– Over 41 million
visitors
Atomium, Expo 58, Brussels
Expo 58 in Brussels
Expo 58, Exterior of U.S. Pavilion
The U.S. pavilion was the largest circular building constructed at the time. The
fountain in front of the building featured moving jets of water. Flags of the U.S.
states ringed the building.
Expo 58, Interior of U.S. Pavilion
Above left: NYC exhibit
Above right: main foyer
Lower right: shopping street
Expo 58, Exterior of Soviet Union Pavilion
Expo 58, Interior of Soviet Pavilion
Top left: main foyer with large statue of
Lenin
Top right: Sputnik
Bottom left: demonstration of color
television
Soviet Expo 58 Brochure Questions
• What is appealing about the Soviet Union and
Soviet Communism from these brochures?
• What is their purpose? Who is the audience?
• How is the USSR “selling” itself to the world?
Expo 58 Soviet Union brochure (in English)
Expo 58 Soviet Union brochure
(in English)
Expo 58 Soviet Union brochure (in English)
Expo 58 Soviet
Union brochure
(in English)
Cover of booklet about Expo 58 Soviet Exhibit
Brochure from the USSR Exhibit at the 1958
Brussels Universal and International Exhibition,
Expo 58. The six page pamphlet shows the
Soviet Union's televisions of the day.
“Unfinished Business” Questions
• What was the purpose of the “Unfinished
Business exhibit” at the US pavilion? Why was it
controversial in the US?
• What are the messages in the four images on the
last page?
• How did race relations and civil rights struggles in
the US connect to the Cold War battle of ideas?
“Unfinished Business” exhibit – U.S. Pavilion, Expo 1958
Caption reads: “One American citizen in ten is descended from African slaves. These 17
million Negroes have yet to win all of the equal rights promised them by American society.”
Soviet propaganda posters criticizing racism in America
Left: “Shame on America”, Right: “Is this Freedom?”
US School Desegregation and Global Perceptions
Left: political cartoon from the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette (Sept. 11, 1957)
Right: political cartoon from the Oakland Tribune (Sept. 11, 1957)

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The Cold War as a Battle of Ideas

  • 1. The Cold War: The Battle of Ideas HIS 102 Western Civilization II Kara Heitz
  • 2.
  • 3. Cold War global alliances (c. 1980)
  • 4. Major Proxy Wars of the Cold War • Greek Civil War, 1946–1949 • Korean War, 1950–1953 • Suez Crisis, 1956–1957 • Cuban Revolution, 1953–1959 • Vietnam War, 1957–1975 • Guatemalan Civil War, 1960–1996 • Congo Crisis, 1960–1965 • Angolan Civil War, 1974–2002 • Afghan-Soviet War, 1979–1989 • Invasion of Grenada, 1983 • Nicaraguan Civil War, 1979–1990 • Salvadoran Civil War, 1980–1992
  • 5. NATO and Warsaw Pact troop strengths in Europe, 1959
  • 6.
  • 7. The Cold War as a Battle of Ideas • Case: Expo 58 – Held in Brussels – First major World’s Fair after WWII – Over 41 million visitors
  • 8. Atomium, Expo 58, Brussels
  • 9. Expo 58 in Brussels
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12. Expo 58, Exterior of U.S. Pavilion The U.S. pavilion was the largest circular building constructed at the time. The fountain in front of the building featured moving jets of water. Flags of the U.S. states ringed the building.
  • 13. Expo 58, Interior of U.S. Pavilion Above left: NYC exhibit Above right: main foyer Lower right: shopping street
  • 14. Expo 58, Exterior of Soviet Union Pavilion
  • 15. Expo 58, Interior of Soviet Pavilion Top left: main foyer with large statue of Lenin Top right: Sputnik Bottom left: demonstration of color television
  • 16. Soviet Expo 58 Brochure Questions • What is appealing about the Soviet Union and Soviet Communism from these brochures? • What is their purpose? Who is the audience? • How is the USSR “selling” itself to the world?
  • 17. Expo 58 Soviet Union brochure (in English)
  • 18. Expo 58 Soviet Union brochure (in English)
  • 19. Expo 58 Soviet Union brochure (in English)
  • 20. Expo 58 Soviet Union brochure (in English)
  • 21. Cover of booklet about Expo 58 Soviet Exhibit
  • 22. Brochure from the USSR Exhibit at the 1958 Brussels Universal and International Exhibition, Expo 58. The six page pamphlet shows the Soviet Union's televisions of the day.
  • 23. “Unfinished Business” Questions • What was the purpose of the “Unfinished Business exhibit” at the US pavilion? Why was it controversial in the US? • What are the messages in the four images on the last page? • How did race relations and civil rights struggles in the US connect to the Cold War battle of ideas?
  • 24. “Unfinished Business” exhibit – U.S. Pavilion, Expo 1958 Caption reads: “One American citizen in ten is descended from African slaves. These 17 million Negroes have yet to win all of the equal rights promised them by American society.”
  • 25. Soviet propaganda posters criticizing racism in America Left: “Shame on America”, Right: “Is this Freedom?”
  • 26. US School Desegregation and Global Perceptions Left: political cartoon from the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette (Sept. 11, 1957) Right: political cartoon from the Oakland Tribune (Sept. 11, 1957)