The document discusses clauses and their structure in English. Some key points: - A clause contains a subject and a verb and conveys a message. It may include circumstances like when, where, how. - Clauses can be independent (stand alone) or dependent (rely on another clause). - Parts of an independent clause include the verb, participant (subject), and any circumstances. - Dependent clauses provide extra information and cannot stand alone. They are joined to independent clauses. - Examples show different types of clauses like relative clauses, embedded clauses, and clauses joined by conjunctions.