At Veolia, we know the world is facing an enormous challenge. Demand for raw
materials has seen exponential growth with a fast-expanding global population and
rising standards of living. Yet the resources on which we all rely are depleting fast.
It’s time for businesses to wake up to the reality of the throw-away economy and
put more value on resources.
European Aluminium Environmental Profile Report 2018- executive summaryEuropean Aluminium
The European Aluminium Environmental Profile Report 2018 covers the environmental impact of the entire aluminium value chain in Europe, from metal supply - primary and recycling - to semi-fabrication - rolling, foil and extrusion. Based on 2015 production data collected from our members, the report provides accurate and reliable data on aluminium industry’s environmental performance in Europe and Life-Cycle Inventory (LCI) datasets for the key process steps essential for calculating the environmental impact of products using aluminium.
The 2015 data demonstrate strong improvement by the industry. First, the environmental impact of the primary production has decreased significantly (by 21 percent for Global Warming Potential) while the environmental performance of the primary aluminium consumed in Europe has remained stable. For the semi-fabrication (rolling and extrusion) and the recycling industry, there has been a strong improvement in the environmental performance of those processes in Europe.
The full report is available upon request.
European Aluminium Environmental Profile Report 2018- executive summaryEuropean Aluminium
The European Aluminium Environmental Profile Report 2018 covers the environmental impact of the entire aluminium value chain in Europe, from metal supply - primary and recycling - to semi-fabrication - rolling, foil and extrusion. Based on 2015 production data collected from our members, the report provides accurate and reliable data on aluminium industry’s environmental performance in Europe and Life-Cycle Inventory (LCI) datasets for the key process steps essential for calculating the environmental impact of products using aluminium.
The 2015 data demonstrate strong improvement by the industry. First, the environmental impact of the primary production has decreased significantly (by 21 percent for Global Warming Potential) while the environmental performance of the primary aluminium consumed in Europe has remained stable. For the semi-fabrication (rolling and extrusion) and the recycling industry, there has been a strong improvement in the environmental performance of those processes in Europe.
The full report is available upon request.
This presentation was presented by Yauheniya Shershunovic during the annual SITE Development Day 2021 conference at Stockholm School of Economics via Zoom.
Disclaimer: SITE has the permission from Yauheniya Shershunovic to upload this presentation slide.
Tackling greenhouse gas emissions by aviation pricingThierry Debels
Belgium shares the view of the Commission that restructuring transport charges and taxes to reflect infrastructure and external costs should be a priority in the transition to a climate-neutral Europe.
This presentation was presented by Maxim Fedoseenko during the annual SITE Development Day 2021 conference at Stockholm School of Economics via Zoom.
Disclaimer: SITE has the permission from Maxim Fedoseenko to upload this presentation slide.
An abridged version of the Annual Energy Outlook that highlights changes in the AEO Reference case projections for key energy topics. The Early Release includes data tables for the Reference case only. The AEO2014 full version will be released early Spring 2014.
Dynamics of nitrous oxide emissions from different sources in bulgariaeSAT Journals
Abstract Within the present research inventory data has been analyzed regarding nitrous oxide emissions from different source categories in Bulgaria for the period 2000-2012. The major N2O emission source is agriculture with almost 45 % of the overall N2O emissions for the monitoring period. In order to reduce N2O emissions from agriculture adequate measures need to be applied towards improvement of agricultural land’s quality, restructure and modernization of farms and competitiveness increase. N2O emissions from power sector are almost 16 % of the overall N2O emissions in Bulgaria for the monitoring period and their reduction require measures for improving national energetic infrastructure, diversifying the energy mix and supply sources. A solid trend for N2O emission reduction from the sectors of Industrial processes and Road transport has been observed due to the effective European and national legal restrictions and regulatory mechanisms. Regions at risk in Bulgaria have been defined where industrial and combustion sources of N2O are concentrated and thus ambient air quality might be significantly deteriorated. Applying preventive measures for greenhouse gas (including N2O) emission reduction is a step towards fulfillment of Bulgaria’s commitment under the Kyoto Protocol and the Durban Platform. For the period 2013-2020 Bulgaria has committed itself into achieving the basic strategic targets of the European Union for 20 % reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, 20 % enhancement of the energy efficiency and 20 % share of energy from renewable energy sources in the total energy consumption. The ambitious target of the European Union on climate change is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions with 80 % below their 1990 level by 2050. Keywords: emission source categories, emission reduction measures, greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide, regions at risk
EaP GREEN: Use of taxes on environmentally harmful products in ArmeniaOECD Environment
An economic instruments framework is in place in Armenia under the Law on Environmentally-related and Natural Resource Use Charges and respective regulations.This presentation looks at the use of taxes on environmentally harmful products in Armenia. It was delivered at the meeting on "Economic instruments for greener products in the EU's Eastern Partnership countries" (EaP GREEN).
This presentation was presented by Yauheniya Shershunovic during the annual SITE Development Day 2021 conference at Stockholm School of Economics via Zoom.
Disclaimer: SITE has the permission from Yauheniya Shershunovic to upload this presentation slide.
Tackling greenhouse gas emissions by aviation pricingThierry Debels
Belgium shares the view of the Commission that restructuring transport charges and taxes to reflect infrastructure and external costs should be a priority in the transition to a climate-neutral Europe.
This presentation was presented by Maxim Fedoseenko during the annual SITE Development Day 2021 conference at Stockholm School of Economics via Zoom.
Disclaimer: SITE has the permission from Maxim Fedoseenko to upload this presentation slide.
An abridged version of the Annual Energy Outlook that highlights changes in the AEO Reference case projections for key energy topics. The Early Release includes data tables for the Reference case only. The AEO2014 full version will be released early Spring 2014.
Dynamics of nitrous oxide emissions from different sources in bulgariaeSAT Journals
Abstract Within the present research inventory data has been analyzed regarding nitrous oxide emissions from different source categories in Bulgaria for the period 2000-2012. The major N2O emission source is agriculture with almost 45 % of the overall N2O emissions for the monitoring period. In order to reduce N2O emissions from agriculture adequate measures need to be applied towards improvement of agricultural land’s quality, restructure and modernization of farms and competitiveness increase. N2O emissions from power sector are almost 16 % of the overall N2O emissions in Bulgaria for the monitoring period and their reduction require measures for improving national energetic infrastructure, diversifying the energy mix and supply sources. A solid trend for N2O emission reduction from the sectors of Industrial processes and Road transport has been observed due to the effective European and national legal restrictions and regulatory mechanisms. Regions at risk in Bulgaria have been defined where industrial and combustion sources of N2O are concentrated and thus ambient air quality might be significantly deteriorated. Applying preventive measures for greenhouse gas (including N2O) emission reduction is a step towards fulfillment of Bulgaria’s commitment under the Kyoto Protocol and the Durban Platform. For the period 2013-2020 Bulgaria has committed itself into achieving the basic strategic targets of the European Union for 20 % reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, 20 % enhancement of the energy efficiency and 20 % share of energy from renewable energy sources in the total energy consumption. The ambitious target of the European Union on climate change is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions with 80 % below their 1990 level by 2050. Keywords: emission source categories, emission reduction measures, greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide, regions at risk
EaP GREEN: Use of taxes on environmentally harmful products in ArmeniaOECD Environment
An economic instruments framework is in place in Armenia under the Law on Environmentally-related and Natural Resource Use Charges and respective regulations.This presentation looks at the use of taxes on environmentally harmful products in Armenia. It was delivered at the meeting on "Economic instruments for greener products in the EU's Eastern Partnership countries" (EaP GREEN).
On April 17 2015 the Committee on Climate Change held their first meeting in Wales, Cardiff. A range of stakeholders were invited to discuss the challenges faced by Wales in implementing its low-carbon strategy.
This is a presentation made by David Newman, Vice president of ISWA, at the “ISWA Beacon Conference on Globalisation, Urban Metabolism and Waste Management” held on 3 & 4 of July 2012 in Singapore. The presentation is divided in two parts (Part A & Part B). Part A presents global factors, data and environmental aspects related to waste management while Part B identifies local actions on waste management with global effects.
Carbon footprint and its application to citieseAmbiente
SEPB Training Program, Low Carbon Economy
The Center for Thematic Environmental Networks (TEN) is a Center for education and research in the fields of environment and sustainable development.
TEN Center promotes the exchange of knowledge and information on the environmental field and offers tools and supplementary approaches in order to solve environmental issues with specific reference to sustainable development.
TEN Center:
promotes education and advanced training programs on sustainable development and environmental management;
develops research activities on the main areas of environmental protection, with specific focus on developing countries;
hosts initiatives which provide a meeting platform for the competent authorities, researchers and those who are involved in environmental and sustainable development issues.
Since 2003, TEN manages and coordinates advanced training programs devised for director generals and managers of public administrations, researchers and private sector experts from the People’s Republic of China and Eastern European countries. The aim is to augment and improve the capabilities of policy-makers and to facilitate knowledge transfer in order to promote sustainable environmental, social and economic policies.
Carbon markets 101 introduces the market mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol and related initiatives. It helps executives and managers understand emerging business issues around carbon trading, emission reduction projects and carbon monitoring.
Circular Hotspot COP24 Side-Event: Circular Economy - The missing link in the...Diana de Graaf
There is growing awareness that the Circular Economy is a missing link in the Paris agenda and that it is urgent to strengthen the link between Circular Economy and the Climate Change Agenda. A circular economy aims to decouple economic growth from the use of natural resources and ecosystems by using those resources more effectively. During the COP24 climate summit in Katowice in December 2018, a coalition of European circular hotspots presented evidence and best practices of the circular economy as a means to bridge the gap in the climate agenda and identified where there is potential for scaling up.
Unconventional Hydrocarbons in France - Perspectives opened by new technologi...ecorpStim
Unofficial translation of the Report by the French Ministry of Economy and Industry (2014)
Analysis of propane stimulation and shale gas opportunities for France
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
2. The circular economy is the industrial revolution for a new
generation. A business model that enables the economy to
grow, while minimising the amount of virgin resources that are
extracted. But the focus is no longer just environmental, it’s all
about the bottom line. The circular economy saves resources
and saves money. A catalyst for ‘free growth’ that requires no
Government or external funding, just a change of mindset.
The World Economic Forum has forecast that the circular
economy will contribute $1 trillion per annum globally by
2025. But until now, there has been no specific analysis of
the potential gains to be made in the UK.
This Imperial College London report, commissioned on our
behalf, outlines the business case for adopting a circular
economy. The results demonstrate that using resources in a
closed loop system has the potential to contribute £29 billion
(1.8%) of GDP and create 175,000 new jobs in the UK.
AtVeolia,weknowtheworldisfacinganenormouschallenge.Demandforraw
materialshasseenexponentialgrowthwithafast-expandingglobalpopulationand
risingstandardsofliving.Yettheresourcesonwhichweallrelyaredepletingfast.
It’stimeforbusinessestowakeuptotherealityofthethrow-awayeconomyand
putmorevalueonresources.
How the circular economy
will boost UK GDP
ADOPTING
A CIRCULAR
ECONOMY
COULD CREATE
£29BILLION (1.8%)
OF GDP IN THE UK
2 The circular revolution | An Imperial College London report commissioned by Veolia An Imperial College London report commissioned by Veolia | The circular revolution 3
Six ways that the circular
economy contributes to GDP
Which resources were selected?
UKGDPContributions:total£29bn
The analysis focused on generating value from commodities
from households and commercial and industrial sources, in the
UK this amounts to 30% of resource flows.
The remaining 70% of all resource flows in the UK were
down to sectors such as construction, mining and quarrying,
agriculture, forestry and fisheries already contributing to GDP.
Data was taken from Eurostat for 2012.
*Numbers have been rounded to the nearest decimal place
The report focused on the following household and commercial & industrial resources:
Manufacture of food products; beverages
and tobacco products
Manufacture of textiles, wearing apparel, leather
and related products
Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork,
except furniture; manufacture of articles of straw and
plaiting materials
Manufacture of paper and paper products;
printing and reproduction of recorded media
Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products
Manufacture of chemical, pharmaceutical, rubber and
plastic products
Manufacture of other non-metallic
mineral products
Manufacture of basic metals and fabricated metal
products, except machinery and equipment
Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical
products, electrical equipment, motor vehicles and
other transport equipment
Services (except wholesale of waste and scrap)
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply
Household waste
1
Landfill
taxsavings
3
Energy
values
5
Productsto
Servicesincluding
imports
2
Thevalueof
commodities
andimports
4
Focusedchemical
initiatives
6
Existing
contribution
ofWaste
Management
toUKGDP
-£2.2bn
Figure 1: UK GDP Contributions
£2.4bn £23.7bn £1.1bn £0.9bn £3.1bn
3. Breakdownofcirculareconomypotential
Figure 2: Total UK resources
228mt
Imported commodities:
2012 UK resources:
15.6% diverted from Landfill Tax: £2.4bn
Product
to Services
equivalentofcommodity
generationpotential
2.4mt
£0.9bn
Used for GDP
Imported
commodities
Commodities
13.7mt
£5.1bn
Imported
commodities
Used for GDP
72mt
Included in analysis - C+I+H*:
16mt
44.8mt
£19.5bn
4.9mt
£2.3bn
Total: 244mt
Energy
23mt
£1.1bn
UsedforGDP UsedforGDP
UsedforGDP
Excludedfrom
GDPbenefits:
172mt
The UK’s total commodity resources are 244 million tonnes
(mt). This is comprised of 228mt of domestic resources and
16mt of imported resources.
The 30% (72mt) included in the analysis focused on
commodities from commercial, industrial and household
sources. Of this, 23mt was generated from energy, 1.8mt
from commercial and industrial sources and 43mt from
household sources.
Imported commodities accounted for 13.7mt of household
sources. These could potentially be avoided by closing the
loop on material waste produced in the UK.
The value of Products to Services was also analysed and
calculated at 4.9mt. The remaining 2.4mt of imported
resources could be reduced by adopting products to
services initiatives.
UK opportunities
Calculating GDP value
from the circular economy
The contribution to GDP, as a result of a transition to a circular
economy, was calculated based on the following six strategies:
4 Focused chemical initiatives
Initiatives for deriving value from chemical
by-products, steam or heat.
5 Products to Services including imports
recovering value by switching from buying
and disposing of products to selling them as
part of a service.
6 Contribution of Waste Management and
Circular Economy
3 Energy Values
Value from materials that cannot be reprocessed
into commodities, e.g. food, animal, vegetal and
residual waste.
2 The value of commodities and imports
commodity value of materials used again
and imports replaced.
1 Landfill Tax savings
savings generated from landfill diversion.
4 The circular revolution | An Imperial College London report commissioned by Veolia An Imperial College London report commissioned by Veolia | The circular revolution 5
*C: Commercial Sources I: Industrial Sources H: Household Sources
4. Results
The value of materials extracted from C&I
and household resources is presented below.
The figures are based on manufacturing
(except machinery); electricity, gas, steam,
air conditioning supply and services (except
wholesale of waste and scrap). This reflects
the high price scenario. Mixed metals (£10.7bn),
plastics (£2.3bn) and wood (£2.1bn) represent
the largest material values for the UK (Figure3).
As imports are subtracted from GDP
calculations, the commodities produced from
the waste streams can be used to replace
imported materials. For commodities with a
surplus it is assumed these can be exported to
the same value. The net positive contribution
to balance of payments is an additional
£5.1bn based on 13.7m tonnes of materials
(see Figure 2 page 5 ).
Mineral waste
105.8 - 1%
Metal wastes,
ferrous
165.4 - 1%
Metal wastes,
non-ferrous
464.8 - 3%
Metal wastes, mixed
ferrous and non-ferrous
10,660.5 - 57%
Glass wastes
126.9 - 1%
Paper and
cardboard wastes
1,662.2 - 9%
Rubber wastes
93.2 - 0%
Plastic wastes
2,327.9 - 13%
Wood wastes
2,127.3 - 11%
Textile wastes
636.8 - 3%
Sludges
199.2 - 1%
Figure 3:
Value of commodities
extracted from UK
C&I and Household
flows (£m)
6 The circular revolution | An Imperial College London report commissioned by Veolia An Imperial College London report commissioned by Veolia | The circular revolution 7
2. The value of commodities and imports1. Landfill Tax savings
The tax previously paid on resources lost to landfill can now be circulated back in the economy, boosting GDP. For the UK,
the average Landfill Tax of active, inert and exempt resources was calculated as £65/tonne.
This was multiplied by the total waste flow (72mt, £4.7bn) from which the current receipts of the Landfill Tax at HMRC
are deducted (£2.3bn). The final figure of £2.4bn thus represents additional Landfill Tax savings in the UK.
5. 4. Focused chemical
initiatives
In this report, deriving value from the unwanted
chemicals and resources produced by an industry
was included as a separate initiative. We have
estimated the value of four chemical waste
streams: spent solvents, acid/alkaline wastes,
used oils and other chemicals. The value is based
upon the price of common chemicals such as
ammonia. Our calculations for the UK produce
a value range of £415m to £888m. Most of this
value lies in the chemical, pharmaceutical, rubber
and plastics sector (£137m to £292m) and the
manufacture of basic metals (£58m to £124m).
3. Energy values
The value of energy extracted from flows in the UK is calculated based on a price of 10p per kilowatt hour. It concerns
materials that cannot be reprocessed into commodities such as food, animal, vegetal and residual waste. The results
are presented in Table 1 below.
Table 1: Energy value of flows
Flow Tonnes(2012)
23,774,273Total
kwh/tonne
-
Value/tonne
-
Value£m
1,142
550
300
55
31
927
215
Mixed ordinary waste
Animal and mixed food waste, vegetal waste
16,848,761
6,925,512
OUR
CALCULATIONS
FOR THE UK
CHEMICAL
WASTE STREAMS
PRODUCE
A VALUE OF
UP TO £888M
8 The circular revolution | An Imperial College London report commissioned by Veolia An Imperial College London report commissioned by Veolia | The circular revolution 9
6. Using Eurostat figures for 2004 and 2012,
this report finds that the value of the
Waste Management sector in the UK has
increased while the volume of waste has
decreased. This suggests an increase in
the GVA (Gross Value Added) per tonne of
waste for the waste management sector.
Total waste has decreased from 298mt
to 239mt, while GVA in the waste
management sector has increased
from €12.9 million to €13.1 million.
GVA per tonne has increased from
€43.2 per tonne to €54.9 per tonne.
Comparing 2012 with 2004, the additional
value is calculated to be €2.8 billion,
or £2.2 billion with 2014 exchange rates.
6. Existing contribution of Waste
Management to the Circular Economy
298.8kt 239.2kt
12,907 13,133
GVA
(Wastesector,
millioneuro)
GVA
(Wastesector,
millioneuro)
Table 2: Growth of the GVA of the
Waste Management Sector in the UK
2004 2012
10 The circular revolution | An Imperial College London report commissioned by Veolia An Imperial College London report commissioned by Veolia | The circular revolution 11
5. Products to Services
including imports
One of the characteristics of the circular economy is
changing the business models, by shifting from selling a
product to offering a service. In this report, we have used
this transition from products to services as another way
of recovering value from commodities.
Our calculated figure consists of the remaining flows after
consideration of commodity and energy values (4.9mt,
value £2.3bn). Imports that can be replaced by products
and services amount to 2.4mt with a net benefit to
balance of payments of £0.9bn (see Figure 2).
Case studies exemplifying products to services include
a diverse range of companies and products:
Electrolux - charging for each wash rather than
a washing machine
Castrol - offering a lubricant service package
instead of selling bottles of lubricant
Koppert - offering crop protection by the square
metre, as opposed to barrels of pesticide
(Ellen MacArthur Foundation, Design for Sustainability
www.d4s-sbs.org).
TOTAL WASTE HAS DECREASED FROM
298MT TO 239MT, WHILE GVA IN THE WASTE
MANAGEMENT SECTOR HAS INCREASED FROM
€12.9MILLION TO €13.1MILLION.
7. Job creation
Using values from the report More Jobs, Less Waste (Friends of
the Earth 2010*), this report estimates that 175,000 jobs will derive
from implementing circular economy principles. This is based upon
recycling of certain materials, does not cover all materials or aspects
of the report (such as products to services), and is thus very likely
to be an underestimate. Table 4 below provides an overview of the
materials and the jobs derived from their recycling.
*Whilst using 2010 referenced data for the purposes of a calculation methodology
the latest job market profiling indicates this quantum remains relevant.
Table4:JobsgainedfromrecyclingofmaterialsfromUKCIandHouseholdflows(JobsgainedfiguresfromFriendsoftheEarth,MoreJobs,Lesswaste2010).
90,000
85,000
80,000
75,000
70,000
65,000
60,000
55,000
50,000
45,000
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
5,729kt
Plastics Paper Glass Gardenwaste WEEE Aluminium Steel
Amountof
materials
processed
7,662kt 3,430kt 5,300kt 530kt 560kt 4,013kt
15.6 3.5 0.75 1.3 40 11 5.4
89,372 26,816 2,573 6,890 21,200 6,164 21,673
Jobsgained
(per1000tonnes)
Jobsgained
(per1000tonnes)
Jobsgained
(per1000tonnes)
Jobsgained
(per1000tonnes)
Jobsgained
(per1000tonnes)
Jobsgained
(per1000tonnes)
Jobsgained
(per1000tonnes)
Jobs
Analysis of GVA and waste generation of sectors illustrates the
importance of sector activity for waste generation. Certain
sectors hold more value in their unutilised resources compared
to others in terms of their share of the GVA pie (Table 3).
Resource flows in the economic sectors are not uniform, and
thus the benefit (additional GDP) is not directly linked to the
GVA value of that sector. The manufacture of coke and refined
petroleum products, electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning
supply, and services sectors yield lower values based upon their
actual waste generation than that of their GVA ratio.
Table 3: Sectoral analysis of GVA and waste generation.
*Thisfigurerepresentsthevalueofasector’swasteresourceflowsifthetotalwastevaluewasdistributedamongsectors
**‘Valuecalculatedfromactualflows’isthevalueofCommodities,EnergyandChemicalInitiatives
SectorsUK
Totals
GVA2011(£m,Eurostat)
1,165,500
Totalwastekt
45,916
Valuecalculatedfrom
sectorshareoftotalGVA*
17,509
Valuecalculated
onactualflows**
17,510
19,925 3,294 299Manufactureoffoodproducts;
beveragesandtobaccoproducts
3,685 474 55
Manufactureoftextiles,
wearingapparel,leather
andrelatedproducts
14,051 2,144 211
Manufactureofbasicmetalsand
fabricatedmetalproducts,except
machineryandequipment
27,516 732 413
Manufactureofcomputer,
electronicandopticalproducts,
electricalequipment,motorvehicles
andothertransportequipment
9,502 2,160 143Manufactureofwood,paper,
printingandreproduction
2,438 189 37Manufactureofcokeand
refinedpetroleumproducts
15,719 4,965 236 64Electricity,gas,steamandair
conditioningsupply
32,905 3,415 494 423Accommodationand
foodserviceactivities
136,634 10,528 2,053Retailwholesale
157,015 3,303 2,359 1,757
Publicadministration
socialwork
53,271 2,502 800Transportandstorage
76,115 1,693 1,144 900Education
586,961 6,174 8,818 3,283Otherservices
29,763 4,343 447
Manufactureofchemical,
pharmaceutical,rubberand
plasticproducts;other
non-metallicmineralproducts
464
161
733
87
805
1,317
587
5,599
1,330
12 The circular revolution | An Imperial College London report commissioned by Veolia An Imperial College London report commissioned by Veolia | The circular revolution 13
Totaljobsgained: 175,000
Whichsectorshavethemosttogainfromthecirculareconomy?
8. The Dairy Crest biomass energy plant is
one of the largest wood pellet burning
installations in its industry sector, using
sustainably sourced pellets made from
used or life-expired wood.
Dairy Crest is the UK’s leading
chilled dairy foods company. At their
Davidstow site, they manufacture a
range of dairy products including milk,
cheese and butter – many of which are
household names. In order to make the
55,000 tonnes of cheese they produce
every year, they need 100,000 tonnes
of steam for the pasteurisation and
drying process. This was traditionally
generated by burning fossil fuel.
We were commissioned by Dairy Crest
to find a solution that would reduce
their carbon emissions and make their
factory more energy efficient. The
answer was a new biomass steam
plant fuelled by wood pellets. These
wood pellets were produced from
life-expired wood that had been
thrown away by the construction and
manufacturing companies as it no
longer had any use.
As a country we produce a large
amount of waste wood. Every year
10 million tonnes of wood is disposed
of in the UK with only 1 million tonnes
of it being recycled. The rest is sent to
landfill. There was a clear opportunity
to put some of this waste wood to
good use.
After we collect the wood from
commercial and domestic sources,
it is sorted into grades and checked
to ensure it meets sustainability
requirements. Then it is chipped,
shredded and any contaminants –
like nails or staples – are removed
and recycled. The wood is then dried
and made into pellets.
As a result, Dairy Crest’s carbon
emissions at the site were reduced by
60%. The energy savings made also
mean they will see a return on their
investment early in the plant’s life.
By using life-expired wood, we have
reduced the burden on landfill and are
turning this into a valuable fuel source.
Due to the project’s success, the plant
has won three awards: The Lord Ezra
Award, The Energy Awards – Best
Renewable Energy Project and the
RegenSW Best Biomass Project.
Working alongside local authorities,
we offer a closed-loop environmental
solution by recycling used plastic bags
into refuse sacks.
In England alone, over 8 billion plastic
carrier bags are used each year. A
large percentage end up in landfill
sites where they take a long time
to decompose, or can be found
littering our towns, cities, coasts and
countryside. Although England is due
to follow in the footsteps of Ireland,
Wales and Scotland when it introduces
its mandatory charge for single use
plastic bags in 2015, the problem is
still a big one.
Our idea is to give plastic bags a new
life by turning them into refuse sacks.
We collect used bags from retailers
and at our Materials Recovery Facilities
(MRFs) and transport them to our
recycling partner. The bags are then
washed, processed, turned into pellets
and then made into bin bags. We then
deliver them back to the local authority
where the used shopping bags were
first collected.
We are currently trialling this closed-
loop solution in Southwark. If it proves
successful, we will look to extend
the number of MRFs with the
technology needed to remove plastic
bags from the waste stream and the
number of local authorities joining
the programme.
Dairy Crest biomass energy plant
Bag 2 Bag
New life for old wood
Filling plastic bags with potential
Circular economy in action:
Veolia case studies
21,900
tonnes of CO2
emissions
saved each year
14 The circular revolution | An Imperial College London report commissioned by Veolia An Imperial College London report commissioned by Veolia | The circular revolution 15
8
billion plastic bags
used in England
each year
Conclusion
When Veolia commissioned this report, we
were convinced that there were gains to be
made from UK businesses thinking circular.
However, the findings have far exceeded
our expectations of the contribution that
the circular economy could make in terms
of GDP and employment.
£29 billion and 175,000 jobs, with particular
opportunities in the plastic sector, makes
a compelling business case for change.
Organisations that embrace the circular
revolution now will make considerable
savings in the future. Quick wins that
require no additional funding, just a simple
change in mindset.
At Veolia we are already helping businesses
to rethink their resource requirements and
waste streams. There is no one size fits all
solution. The best approach is one that
is tailored to individual businesses and
market sectors.
The opportunity is here for business
to benefit from designing products to
take into account a second and third life
and better supply chain pricing as the
quality of secondary recycled materials
becomes business critical. By promoting
greater resource efficiency we can help
manufacturers protect their own supply
chains and stimulate a growth in the
market for recovered materials.
On the following page you will find two
case studies that highlight some of the
ways that Veolia is helping businesses to
preserve resources and grow the economy
through closed-loop thinking. In short we
see the circular economy as the industrial
revolution for a new generation.