The document discusses the cellular level of organization. It defines the cell as the basic structural and functional unit of life. It outlines the cell theory and describes the main components of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The key components of cells discussed include the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. The cell membrane is selectively permeable and regulates what passes in and out of the cell. The cytoplasm contains organelles and cytosol. The nucleus contains genetic material and directs the cell's activities.
Plasma membrane or plasma-lemma or cell membrane
Plasma membrane can be defined as a biological membrane or an outer membrane of a cell, which is composed of two layers of phospholipids and embedded with proteins. It is a thin semi permeable membrane layer, which surrounds the cytoplasm and other constituents of the cell.
Occurs on the outside of the cytoplasm in both prokaryotes and eukaryotic cells.
It separates the cellular protoplasm from its external environment.
Plasma membrane or plasma-lemma or cell membrane
Plasma membrane can be defined as a biological membrane or an outer membrane of a cell, which is composed of two layers of phospholipids and embedded with proteins. It is a thin semi permeable membrane layer, which surrounds the cytoplasm and other constituents of the cell.
Occurs on the outside of the cytoplasm in both prokaryotes and eukaryotic cells.
It separates the cellular protoplasm from its external environment.
The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment.
The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells.
the presentation gives the structure, function, and electron microscopic image of the various cytoplasmic organelles. it also includes the clinical significance of various organelle damage.
This presentation include different kind of transport mechanism of different material inside the cell and outside the cell including Passive transport and Active transport mechenism.
The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment.
The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells.
the presentation gives the structure, function, and electron microscopic image of the various cytoplasmic organelles. it also includes the clinical significance of various organelle damage.
This presentation include different kind of transport mechanism of different material inside the cell and outside the cell including Passive transport and Active transport mechenism.
Cell for teaching by pandian M tutor, Dept of Physiology, DYPMCKOP, this ppt ...Pandian M
The cell
Common characteristics of cell –
Typical cell under light microscope
Cell organelles –
6 main types of organelles
Mitochondria
Endocytosis
Receptor mediated endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Functional systems of the cell—
Intercellular connections or junctions
Basic mechanism of transport
References
Cell membrane and its functions, how it make effect on our cell surface. It can implies the structure along with the components of a cell. Which portion of membrane take part in an specific functioning of the body. It can be identified easily by this presentation. Huge opportunity to get a glimpse of cell membrane and activities.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
1. THE CELLULAR LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION Cell – basic structural and functional unit of life; enclosed by a membraneCell Theory * All living things are composed of one or more cells;* The chemical reactions of living cells take place within cells;* All cells originate from pre-existing cells; and* Cells contain hereditary information,which is passed from one generation to another.Types of cell according to their nucleus:1. Prokaryotes – organisms lack membrane-bound organellespro – before, karyo- nucleus2. Eukaryotes - cells display a much greater degree of structural organization and complexityeu – true, karyo- nucleusGENERAL COMPONENTS OF CELLS1. CELL MEMBRANE -
8. LIPIDSforms the basic structural framework2 layers of phospholipid (75%), cholesterol (20%) and glycolipids (5%)phospholipids – amphipathic molecules (hydrophilic heads – arranged outward and hydrophobic tails – arranged inwards)glycolipids – made up of carbohydrate and lipids; positioned outside of the membranecholesterol – interspersed on both sides PROTEINS types: integral proteins – extended into or through the lipid bilayer; forms transmembrane proteins (protrudes on both sides) peripheral proteins – associate with polar heads of lipids or with integral proteinsglycoproteins – carbohydrate + proteins; forms a sugary coating outside; also forms identity markers
9. Functions:ion channel – pore but may also be selectivetransporter – moves polar substances from one side to the otherreceptor – recognition sitescell identity markers – glycoproteins and glycolipidslinkers – anchor proteins in the plasma membrane of neighboring cells and to protein filaments inside and outside the cell
13. concentration gradient (high to low concentration) also permits entry and exit of ions (oxygen gas and sodium – outside; carbon dioxide and potassium – inside- electrochemical gradient/ electrical potential results due to high concentrations of + and – ions; movement is down concentration gradient
14. - transport – substances needed for a chemical reaction inside; imports materials not produced by the cell; exports products (waste); 2 mechanisms: active and passive a. active transport – against concentration gradient – low to high concentration; requires ATP expenditure; processes: exocytosis and endocytosis (pinocytosis & phagocytosis) b. passive transport – towards concentration gradient – high to low concentration; no ATP is used; processes: simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion and osmosis
15. SIMPLE DIFFUSION - movement of particles from high to low concentration - factors influencing diffusion 1. steepness of concentration gradient – the higher the concentration the faster the diffusion process 2. temperature – at high temperature diffusion also hastens 3. mass of diffusing substances – the heavier the molecules diffusion tends to be slower 4. surface area – the more surfaces to attach to, the faster the diffusion process; emphysema – low SA thus person has difficulty in breathing 5. distance – the greater the distance to the surface the longer or slower the diffusion process; in pneumonia, the fluid collecting in the lungs creates a higher distance for diffusion of oxygen gas
16. diffusion through the lipid bilayer - oxygen gas, carbon dioxide, nitrogen gas, fatty acids, steroids, and vitamins ADEK, small alcohols and ammonia, water and urea - does not contribute to tonicity membrane channels - ion channels; small inorganic ions; ion – specific channels; Cl and K; gated (changes shape)
17. FACILITATED DIFFUSION - too polar or highly charged solutes; too big molecules - aided by carrier protein - transporter + solute = inside the cell (if transporter undergoes change in shape) - saturation – point at which all transporters are fully occupied; transport maximum is reached - glucose, fructose, galactose, some vitamins - example: glucose --> binds to glucose transporter (GluT) --> GluT changes shape --> inside --> GluT releases glucose --> glucose attaches to hexokinase (so that it cannot attach to GluT, thus preventing exit of glucose) - presence of insulin increases transport maximum of membrane proteins
18. OSMOSIS - net movement of solvent in a semipermeable membrane - water moves from high concentration to low concentration - movement is through the phospholipidbilayer and aquaporins (protein channels for water) - osmotic pressure – pressure needed to stop the movement of water into a solution when solutes cannot pass through the membrane
19. tonicity – a measure of the solution’s ability to change the volume of cells by altering water content isotonic – equal concentration; 0.9% NaClsol’n. – physiological saline hypotonic – lower concentration of solutes outside than inside the cell; results to swelling of the cell; used in rehydration (IV or oral); example: sportsdrinks – water from blood --> interstitial fluid --> inside cells hemolysis – rupture of RBC in a hypotonic solution hypertonic – high concentration of solutes outside than inside the cell; results in cell shrinkage; used to patients with cerebral edema (mannitol – relieves the overload due to osmosis from interstitial fluid --> blood --> kidney --> urine) crenation– shrinkage of RBC’s
20.
21.
22. ACTIVE TRANSPORT ions: Na, K, H, Ca, I, Cl; amino acids and monosaccharides primary active transport– protein transporter pumps substance inside; Na-K pump secondary active transport - symporters(move 2 molecules at the same time; example: Na-Glu, Na – amino acid) - antiporters– move out molecules (Na+/Ca2+; Na+/H+)
23.
24. endocytosis - forms a vesicle (sac made through pinching out of the membrane) - movement into the cell 3 types 1. receptor - mediated endocytosis ---- binding to receptor --> invagination --> vesicle --> uncoating inside the cell --> fuse with endosome --> degradation in lysosomes 2. phagocytosis– engulfment of solid particles; cell-eating process; phagosome (vesicle); forms false feet (pseudopodia) for engulfment; macrophages and neutrophils (WBC) 3. pinocytosis– cell-drinking process; tiny droplets of ECF taken up; pinocytic vesicle exocytosis - movement out of the cell; secretion; digestive enzymes, hormones, mucus, neurotransmitters - secretory vesicles from inside the cell fuses with the plasma membrane going towards the ECF
25.
26. B. CYTOPLASM cytosol– sol-gel; 75 – 90% water; ions, glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, proteins, lipids, ATP and even waste products; site for chemical reactions 2. organelles – maintenance, growth and reproduction of the cell organelles: cytoskeleton– provides framework; organizes contents and provides shape to cells; aids in movement of organelles
28. types: a. microfilaments – thinnest; made of actin; helps generate movement and provides mechanical support b. intermediate filaments – in between microfilaments and microtubules; help stabilize position of organelles c. microtubules – thickest; made up of tubulin; helps determine cell shape and function; movement of chromosomes during cell division d. centrosome– forms centrioles; made up of tubulin e. cilia – motile, short, hair-like projection; found in the tracheal wall and fallopian tube f. flagella – motile, longer than ciliary projection; sperm cells
31. 2. golgi apparatus/ body/ complex - checks for quality of products manufactured by the cell - cis-trans face (entry-exit points); forms secretory vesicles for transport - double membrane organelle; made up of cisternae
32. 3. mitochondria (plural)/mitochondrion (singular) - powerhouse of the cell - where energy production occurs - sausage-shaped; made up of coils of cristae; double membrane
33. 4. endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - synthesizing units; double membrane; made up of cisternae 2 types: 1. smooth ER– for lipid synthesis, detoxification of drugs and alcohols, metabolism of fats 2. rough ER– with attached ribosomes; where protein synthesis occurs 5. ribosomes – 2 types: attached (to ER) and free; where proteins are synthesized
36. 6. lysosomes – suicidal bags (due to acidity of its contents leakage can cause damage to the entire cell; example: neutrophils (WBC); contains hydrolytic enzymes which digests materials; webbing of fetus’ hands forms fingers due to suicide of lysossomes (autophagy)
37. 7. peroxisomes – transforms toxic H2O2 to water (nontoxic) upon lipid metabolism C. NUCLEUS - the brain of the cell; it directs the cell’s activities - enclosed by a nuclear envelope (double membrane) - materials from nucleus pass through the nuclear pore - nucleolus – contains chromatin material (DNA and RNA) needed for reproduction and for protein synthesis; during cell division chromatin material forms chromosomes for mitosis and meiosis.
40. Vacuole Vacuoles are large empty appearing areas found in the cytoplasm. They are usually found in plant cells where they store waste. As a plant cell ages they get larger. In mature cells they occupy most of the cytoplasm.
41. Cell Wall Cell Wall Protects and supports plant Cells Prevents water loss Cellulose Location: outer layer of plant cells