Cell membrane and its functions, how it make effect on our cell surface. It can implies the structure along with the components of a cell. Which portion of membrane take part in an specific functioning of the body. It can be identified easily by this presentation. Huge opportunity to get a glimpse of cell membrane and activities.

1. Membrane (in biology): The thin layer that forms the
outer boundary of a living cell or of an internal cell
compartment is referred to as membrane.
The outer boundary is the plasma membrane and the
compartments enclosed by internal membranes are called
organelles.
1) Plasma membrane (PM)
2) Cytoplasmic membrane
3) Plasmalemma
4) Biological membrane
5) Cell membrane
Cell Membrane

2. Membrane separates the interior of all cells from the
outside environment (extracellular space) which protects
the cell from its environment.
Cell Membrane

5. In cellular biology, membrane transport refers to the
collection of mechanisms that regulate the passage of
solutes such as ions (Ca++, Na+, K+, and Cl– etc.) and
small molecules (sugars, fatty acids, amino acids etc.)
through biological membranes, which are lipid bilayers
that contain proteins embedded in them.
Membrane transport is essential for cellular life. As cells
proceed through their life cycle, a vast amount of exchange
is necessary to maintain function. Transport may involve
the incorporation of biological molecules and the discharge
of waste products (particularly CO2) that are necessary for
normal function.
Membrane Transport

6. Membrane transport is dependent upon:
1) Permeability of the membrane
2) Transmembrane solute concentration
3) Size of the solute
4) Charge of the solute
Solute particles can traverse the membrane via mainly two
mechanisms:
A. Active transport
B. Passive transport
Membrane Transport

7. Active transport is the movement of molecules across a
membrane from a region of lower concentration to a
region of higher concentration against the concentration
gradient, often assisted by enzymes and requires energy.
Passive transport is the movement of ions and molecules
across the cell membrane without requiring energy.
Active and passive transport are the two main biological
processes that play a crucial role in supplying nutrients, O2,
H2O and other essential molecules to the cells along with
the elimination of waste products. In fact, both transport
work for the same purposes, but with different movement.
Membrane Transport

8. Membrane Transport

9. Difference Between Active And Passive Transport
Active Transport Passive Transport
Requires cellular energy. Does not require cellular energy.
It circulates from a region of lower
concentration to a region of higher
concentration
It circulates from a region of higher
concentration to a region of lower
concentration
Required for the transportation of all
the molecules such as proteins, large
cells, complex sugars, ions, etc.
Required for the transportation of all
soluble molecules, including oxygen,
water, carbon dioxide, lipids, sex
hormones, etc.
It transports various molecules in the
cell.
It is involved in the maintenance of
the equilibrium level inside the cell.
Active transport is a dynamic
process.
Passive Transport is a physical
process.
It is highly selective. It is partly non-selective
Active transport is a rapid process.
Passive transport is a comparatively
slow process.

10. Difference Between Active And Passive Transport
Active Transport Passive Transport
Transpires in one direction. Transpires bidirectionally.
Active transportation is influenced by
temperature.
Passive transportation is not influenced by
temperature.
In active transport, carrier proteins are
required
In passive transport, carrier proteins are not
required
This process reduces or halts as the oxygen
content level is reduced.
This process is not affected by the level of oxygen
content.
Metabolic inhibitors can influence and stop
active transport.
Passive transportation is not influenced by
metabolic inhibitors.
Different types of Active Transport are –
Exocytosis, endocytosis, sodium-potassium
pump
Different types of Passive Transport are –
Osmosis, diffusion, and facilitated diffusion

11. Eukaryotic Cells :
A eukaryotic cell has one unique characteristic that other cells do not.
A Eukaryotic cell has a membrane-bound nucleus. The nuclear
material in the cell or the DNA is contained within a double
membrane. Bacteria are the only type of cells that are not eukaryotic,
they are prokaryotic so they do not have DNA encased within a
membrane.
Examples of Eukaryotic Cells:
1. Animals such as cats and dogs have eukaryotic cells.
2. Plants such as apple trees have eukaryotic cells.
3. Fungi such as mushrooms have eukaryotic cells.
4. Protists such as amoeba and paramecium have eukaryotic cells.
5. Insects have eukaryotic cells.
6. Humans are composed entirely of eukaryotic cells.