The Buffer-Transducer Model of Parenting: How the moment by moment interaction of the infant/child and care enhances or diminishes the child’s well-being
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Presentation delivered by Professor Ed Tronick, PhD, recipient of the University of Massachusetts – Lifetime Achievement Award at the Early Childhood Development Regional Research Conference, hosted by UNICEF and the Caribbean Development Bank, February 13- 15, 2018 in Antigua and Barbuda.
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The Buffer-Transducer Model of Parenting: How the moment by moment interaction of the infant/child and care enhances or diminishes the child’s well-being
- 1. Tronick 2/13/2018 TUFTS 2 1 The University of Massachusetts Boston Infant-Parent Mental Health Postgraduate Certificate Program A 3-day intensive weekend every 2 months over 2 years (6 sessions/year) Receive a UMB Post Graduate Certificate NEW SESSION BEGINS MARCH 2018 Rolling Acceptances Open Now Featuring intensive, interactive weekends with invited faculty: ED TRONICK; TB BRAZELTON; PETER FONAGY; GEORGE DOWNING; BRUCE PERRY; DAN SIEGEL; JOY OSOFSKY; LYNN MURRAY; ALICE CARTER; ALEX HARRISON; ARIETTA SLADE; PETER COOPER; SERENA WEIDER; BEATRICE BEEBE; KEVIN NUGENT; Covering Topics of (and more): DYADIC INFANT-PARENT PSYCHOTHERAPY THERAPEUTIC USE OF VIDEOTAPE; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL MODELS; DISORDERS OF ATTACHMENT AND COMMUNICATION SENSORY INTEGRATION; EFFECTS OF TRAUMA POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION AND INFERTILITY Past Fellows from 41 states, Finland, Peru, Australia, New Zealand Chile, Guatemala, Iceland, Sweden Contact: Rouzan.Khachatourian@umb.edu> The Buffer-Transducer Model of Parenting: How the moment by moment interaction of the infant/child and care enhances or diminishes the child’s well-being. Ed Tronick, PhD University Distinguished Professor Developmental Brain Sciences Program University of Massachusetts Boston Harvard Medical School The buffer-transducer model of developmental processes. CHILD Mo th CARETAKER ADVERSE EVENTS OUTCOMES ACES & OTHER ADVERSE EVENTS • Abuse • SES • Shaming • Education • Discrimination • Violence • Disasters • Organizations • Toxicants CHILD Mo th CARETAKER Mutual Regulation Model Sees the Caretaker-Infant Dyad as a Buffer or Transducer of Factors that Affect Development DYAD HEALTH PHYSICAL MENTAL Immune, Metabolic, Cardiac Brain. Epigenetic, Genetic Gut, HPAA, Autonomic System
- 2. Tronick 2/13/2018 TUFTS 2 2 COMMON EMOTIONAL STRESSORS Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. Felitti et al, 1998 Growing up experiencing any of the following ACES conditions in the household prior to age 18: • Feeling unloved/unprotected • No enough to eat/being hungry • Dirty clothes • Called hurtful names or insulted • Harshly spanked • Sworn at, insulted or put down • Thinking parents wished you weren’t born • Threatened with physical violence • COPD • Obesity • Fetal death • Liver disease • Type II diabetes • Adolescent pregnancies Unintended pregnancies Ischemic heart disease (IHD) Sexually Transmitted Infections • Decreased health-related quality of life • Early teenage initiation of sexual activity The Number of ACEs Directly Correlate with: OTHER CUMULATING ADVERSE EVENTS • Cultural Practices & Beliefs • Lack of Social Network • Family Chaos, Mental illness • Minority status • Single parenthood • Abuse • Low SES & Social Status • Poor Education • Discrimination • Violence Exposure: domestic, neighborhodd • Toxicants • Housing & Crowding etc. • Caretakers • Daycare • MANY Other Factors
- 3. Tronick 2/13/2018 TUFTS 2 3 Means of 4-year-old children’s verbal IQ score for each cumulative risk score UMASS BOSTON, ST.GEORGE U. PUBLIC HEALTH >4=HIGH Grenada Study
- 4. Tronick 2/13/2018 TUFTS 2 4 ADVERSE EVENTS AFFECT THE PRESENT NOT JUST THE FUTURE ▸ Developmental Compromises for Mothers, ▸ Infants and Children ▸ Pregnancy Complications ▸ Prematurity ▸ Maternal Depression and Anxiety ▸ Newborn Neurobehavioral Problems ▸ Poor Infant Attachment ▸ Internalizing/Externalizing Behavior ▸ Affect Regulation Disorders ▸ Disrupted Attention ▸ Hypervigilance ▸ Behavioral Problems in School ▸ Anxiety Disorders ▸ PTSD ▸ Poor Parenting ▸ Compromised Health ▸ Diabetes ▸ Cardiac Disease ▸ Metabolic Syndrome ▸ Immune Compromise ▸ Higher Mortality ▸ Disrupted Somatic and Brain ▸ Stress Regulation Systems Typical Brain Development Brain Development Chronic Stress The Still-face as a Model of the Costliness of Behavioral and Physiologic Cost of Stress Taken from DiCorcia, JA, Snidman, N., Sravish, AV, and Tronick, E. (2016) Evaluating the nature of the Still-Face effect in the double Face-to-Face Still-Face paradigm using different comparison groups. Infancy, 21(3), 332- 352 Still- Face Play PlayStill- Face Play
- 5. Tronick 2/13/2018 TUFTS 2 5 Sympathetic Nervous System Arousal and Reunion Play • Gsr and reunion SF-6 mos. Joy 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 Play Still-Face Reunion Play .06 .32 .26 Episode SF-6 mos. Anger 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 Play Still-Face Reunion Play . Episode
- 6. Tronick 2/13/2018 TUFTS 2 6 .250 .300 .350 .400 .450 .500 Baseline Post-SF Sample 1 Post-SF Sample 2 MeanCortisolConcentration(µg/mL) Salivary Cortisol Changes in 4 month olds in SF Baseline 20 Mins. 35 mins. Latency to Reparation and Cortisol Reck et al., 2010 MEDIATING PHYSIOLOGIC PROCESSES Epigenetic Immune Metabolic Cardiac Gut Microbiome Brain FACTORS OUTCOME HEALTH PHYSICAL MENTAL Public Health and Mediating Physiologic systems ACES + SES Education Discrimination Violence Exposure Organizatins Toxicants Housing Noise Crowding etc. Social Network Family Caretakers Daycare Community- Organizations
- 7. Tronick 2/13/2018 TUFTS 2 7 The Buffer Transducer Model Four Primary Components 1. Adverse Events and Outcomes 2. Mediating Physiologic Processes 3. Caretaker-infant Dyad as Common Pathway Buffer or Transducer of Stress Distress Calm Infant “Parent(s)” Sibs & Family Professionals Friends ”Risk Factors” Resource Enhancing or Depleting FACTORS “oUTCOMES” Resources Enhancing or Depleting FACTORS Neuro- Behavioral Functioning and Developme nt and Well- Being Immune Metabolic Cardiac Brain Epigenetic Genetic Gut Infant Social Ecology Can Buffer or Transduce Factors that Enhance or Deplete Development SSOCIAL ECOLOGY ACES & OTHER ADVERSE EVENTS • Abuse • SES • Shaming • Education • Discrimination • Violence • Disasters • Organizations • Toxicants
- 8. Tronick 2/13/2018 TUFTS 2 8 . . . . Effects of Resource Depletion Factors Cumulate and Cascade Over Time, But So Do Resource Enhancing and Creating Processes t3 tN