THIS SLIDE LOOKS AT HOW THE BRITISH CAME INTO POWER BY TAKING OVER AND CONTROLLING THE CAPE FORCING THE BOER TO MOVE TO OTHER AREAS. THE SLIDE ALSO LOOKS INTO HOW THE BOERS OBTAINED THE NAME THE GREAT TREKKERS
THIS SLIDE LOOKS AT HOW THE BRITISH CAME INTO POWER BY TAKING OVER AND CONTROLLING THE CAPE FORCING THE BOER TO MOVE TO OTHER AREAS. THE SLIDE ALSO LOOKS INTO HOW THE BOERS OBTAINED THE NAME THE GREAT TREKKERS
Lecture on the British empire in Africa before and after the Scramble for Africa, obstacles ot African colonization, and British motivations and strategy. It also covers the expriences of Livingstone, and Stanley.
1CHAPTER 4 SOUTH AFRICA South AfricaConcepts to Know·EttaBenton28
1
CHAPTER 4: SOUTH AFRICA
South Africa
Concepts to Know
· Afrikaner
· Apartheid
· Natives Land Act (1913)
· African National Congress
· National Party
· Group Areas Act (1950)
· Nelson Mandela
· Freedom Charter (1955)
· Truth and Reconciliation Commission
· Ubuntu
· National Assembly
· Public Protector
· Independent Police Investigative Directorate
· S v. Makwanyana (1995)
· Judicial Service Commission
· Law Reform Commission
· Constitutional Court
· Advocates
· Assessors
· Inspecting Judge
· NICRO
· Child Justice Act (2008)
Introduction
SOUTH AFRICA encompasses the southern tip of the African continent. It is the ninth largest country on the continent and the thirty-third largest in the world. Its northern border is shared with Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and Swaziland. Its coastline borders the Indian Ocean on the east and south and the Atlantic Ocean on the west. In addition, South Africa surrounds the small country of Lesotho, which is approximately the size of the state of Maryland. Lesotho is a constitutional monarchy that gained its independence from the United Kingdom in 1966 (see Figure 4.1).
The population of South Africa is almost 53 million and consists of 79.5 percent black, 9 percent white, 9 percent “colored,” and 2.5 percent Asian or Indian residents. The use of the word “colored” in the South African context refers to people of mixed race and often is associated with people of African and Dutch ancestry. The principal industries of the country are minerals, mining, motor vehicles, and machinery. South Africa is a significant producer of platinum, manganese, gold, and chrome. Its major trading markets include China, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
South Africa has 11 official languages: Afrikaans, English, isiNdebele, isiXhosa, isiZulu, Sepedi, Sesotho, Setswana, siSwati, Tshivenda, and Xitsonga. With the exception of Afrikaans and English, the other languages are all Bantu languages. Bantu languages are spoken by more than 100 million Africans in east, central, and southern Africa. Afrikaans is a seventeenth-century variation of Dutch that has been considered a distinct language since the nineteenth century. Approximately 7 percent of the South African population are Afrikaners, that is, people who trace their roots to the early Dutch, French, and German settlers. Most of the English spoken is by nonwhites, along with approximately 2 million English-speaking whites who trace their ancestors to British immigrants and to the 1 million people of Asian/Indian origins.
Throughout the second half of the twentieth century South Africa was associated most with its policy of apartheid, a white supremacist ideology that emphasized white domination and racial discrimination. More will be said about apartheid shortly. First, an outline is offered of the arrival of white Europeans to this part of Africa and the pre-apartheid policies of racial segregation that had been introduced and in practice for a num ...
Understanding the Transatlantic Slave Tradebowatkin
When we discuss the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade we have to first understand that African people are the Indigenous people of North, Central & South America & have been in the U.S. at least 51,700 years. We can’t start studying our history in SLAVERY. Even when we study the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, which is important to study, we can’t start in 1619 or in the 1440s when the Portuguese get involved. We have to understand the history chronologically and deal with the 800-year occupation of the Africans known as the Moors who enter into the Iberian Peninsula, today known as Spain and Portugal, from North Africa in 711A.D.
Powerpoint about the Holocaust, providing basic information and statistics on the subject, for my 7th grade students. Created by a different teacher, used by me in class.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2. Colonization and “The
Scramble”• The Scramble for Africa began in the late 1800s with the Berlin Conference.
• With the Scramble, Europeans began entering into African territories,
forcing them to sign treaties, and taking as much land as possible
• Colonization led to a system of racial separation, forced labor, early death,
and exploitation throughout Africa once it started…
• BUT things were different in South Africa.
• South Africa was located on the southern tip of Africa, a valuable piece of
land for traders going to Asia and India to stop and resupply. This piece of
land was colonized much earlier than the rest of Africa.
• Groups of Dutch (Holland), Germans, French, and British all came to set up
colonies as early as the 1500s.
• These groups of people had been living in South Africa for hundreds of years
before the Scramble began and considered themselves to be Africans.
• By comparison, they lived in South Africa longer than our families have lived in
America (1776ish)
4. Under the colonial system, European settlers were
treated better than the people who already lived in East
and Southern Africa.
New settlers could buy large pieces of the best land at
low prices.
Native Africans were moved to “reserves” that had less
fertile land.
Settlers hired Africans to work for them at low wages.
5. Gold and diamonds were discovered
in South Africa in 1867, causing a
large number of people from Great
Britain to move to the colony.
Tensions between the parties led to
the "Boer Wars" from 1899 to 1902.
The British soundly defeated
the Boers.
6. The Boers (Dutch farmers) were joined by Germans,
Belgium, and French settlers -- Together these groups
were known as Afrikaners.
The British took over Cape Town from the Dutch in 1806
due to its location as a trading capital. The British settlers
came into conflict with the Afrikaners.
7. In 1834 many Afrikaners
moved in the Great Trek
inland to areas north and
east of the cape.
The journey by Afrikaner farmers (Boers) who left the Cape Colony to
escape British domination and restrictions of British rule, and obtain
new land.
“Trek” is an Afrikaans term, originally meaning a journey by ox
wagon. In this most famous trek, 12,000 Boers left the Cape between
1835 and 1843.
Eventually the Boers founded Natal, Transvaal, and
the Orange Free State.
9. The Voortrekkers (as the Boers were
known) migrated beyond the Orange
River. After defeating resident Africans,
most remained in the high veld of the
interior, forming isolated communities
and small states.
11. Tensions between the British and the Afrikaners resulted
in war in 1899. The tension resulted in the Boer War.
They fought for rights to gold-rich
land known as Transvaal (beyond the
Vaal River).
The British won in 1902.
12. The lands claimed by Boers and the
British joined to form the Union of South
Africa – a British colony.
13. The discovery of diamonds (1867) and gold
(1885) European interest in South Africa
soared. The Boers, Tswana, and other
African people claimed the land of these
valuable minerals.
14. Diamonds were discovered in 1867 along the
Vaal and Orange Rivers and in
1870 at what became (1871)
Kimberly.
In 1886 gold was discovered on the
Witwatersrand.
15. DIAMONDS IN SOUTH
AFRICABritish companies paid for the deep mines that were
needed to dig out the valuable minerals.
The British grew rich from the profits.
16. Mineral discoveries (especially gold) spurred great
economic development in South Africa during 1870-1900.
Foreign trade increased dramatically, rail track routes
expanded from 70 mi. (in 1870) to 3,600 mi. (in 1895).
The number of whites rose from about 300,000 in 1870 to
about 1 million in 1900.
18. The largest gem-quality diamond ever
discovered weighed 3,106 carats
(about 1 1/3 pounds). It was found by
Frederick Wells.
Dug from Premier Mine in Pretoria,
South Africa 3,106 carats is about
the size of a person’s fist.
This large diamond was named after
Sir Thomas Cullinan, who opened
the mine and was visiting on the day
the mine opened.
Rumor has it that before Frederick Wells sold the diamond to Sir Thomas
Cullinan. Wells broke off a piece sized at about 1,500 to 2,000 carats
(300 to 400 grams). If this were true, then the original Cullinan diamond would
have weighed in at about 5000 carats (1 kg).
19. In 1905, transport from South Africa to England posed a bit of a
problem with regards to security. Detectives from London were
placed upon a steamer ship that was rumored to carry the stone.
The stone on that ship was a fake. The actual diamond was sent to
England in a plain box via parcel post.
Throughout the years, rumors have spread of a second half of the
Cullinan diamond, as certain signs point to the diamond being part
of a larger crystal.
20. The nine largest pieces of the Cullinan
Diamond.
The Cullinan I, known as the Star of Africa,
weighs 530.20 carats. King Edward placed
it in the Sovereign's Royal Scepter (part of
the Crown Jewels - now on display in the
Tower of London.