The document summarizes key aspects of Islam, including its origins with Abraham and prophets like Muhammad. It describes Muhammad as receiving revelations from God at age 40 that became the Quran. It outlines the Five Pillars of Islam - Shahada, Salah, Zakat, Sawm, and Hajj. It also discusses the division between Sunni and Shia Muslims and practices like prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and the pilgrimage to Mecca.

1. Muhammad, Mecca, the Five Pillars,
Women
Islam

2. First of all…
 Islam is the 3rd of the Great Western Religions
that come from the Middle East
 Judaism being first, Christianity being
second…
 Islam acknowledges Abraham as the first to
receive the message of God
 Acknowledges Jesus as a Prophet of God
as well.
 Considered by followers to be the last word
of God that was perfectly submitted to the
final prophet Muhammad.

3. Remember Abraham???
 God asked him to
sacrifice his son,
Isaac, to demonstrate
his obedience and
faith?
 Remember him?
 According to Islam,
Abraham’s other son,
Ishmail, was cast out
into the wilderness
and that Ishmail was
the first Muslim.

4. Muhammad the Prophet
 570-632 AD
 “The last of the
prophets”
 A trader who traveled
the Middle Eastern
world and saw all the
corruption and
problems.
 According to Islam, at
age 40, started
receiving the word of
God
 Memorized them, his
followers wrote them
down in the Qur’an, the
holy book of Islam.

5. Muhammad and Mecca
 Left his town of Mecca
with his followers when he
was persecuted.
 Fought many campaigns
for dominance in rival
towns, unifying the many
tribes of Arabia into one
united clan under Islam.
 Returned to Mecca in 630
with “tens of thousands of
soldiers” and, according to
the Qur’an, took the city
without a person dying.
 Passed away in 632 AD
 Islam= “surrender”

6. Who Will Rule?
 The next few leaders of Islam were
called the “Rightly Guided Caliphs”
or “Kings”
 Expanded the world of Islam
through Asia, Middle East, Africa,
and even parts of Europe.
 And then they were being
assassinated…
 Islam, at this point, splits…

7. Expansion of Islam

8. Check for Understanding
 Who was the father of all 3 religions that we are
talking about?
 What was the name of Abraham’s son that,
according to Islam, was the first Muslim?
 Who is the last and most important of the Islamic
prophets?
 What is the name of the Islamic holy book?
 What city is the holiest city for Islam?
 What group of people ruled after Muhammad
passed?

9. Division
 Sunni
 The leader of Islam
should be elected
 Should be chosen as
the most capable
 Most common of
Muslims (85%)
 Shi’a
 The leader of Islam
should be one of
Muhammad’s
decendents.
 If Muhammad is
chosen by God, his
family members and
his line have also
been chosen.
 Or others believed to
be chosen by God.
 Fewer followers
(15%)

10. Differences Between the
Groups?
 Practices are almost
identical.
 Division over who
should be the Imams,
or the leaders of the
religion (think a Priest
or Rabbi)
 The two groups DO
NOT get along in
MOST parts of the
world.
 Iraq, Jordan, Syria,
Sudan, Lebanon,
Bahrain, Nigeria…

11. Islamic Practices and Terms
 The Five Pillars of Islam
Shahada: The Islamic Creed, or words
 There is no God but Allah and Muhammad
is his Prophet.
Salah: Prayer 5 times daily facing
Mecca (Holiest City)
Zakat: almsgiving, or donating to the
poor.
Sawm: Fasting during the month of
Ramadan.

12. Salah- Prayer

13. Shahada- The Creed
 There is no God but Allah and
Muhammad is his Prophet.

14. Zakat- giving to the poor

15. Sawm- Fasting during Ramadan

16. Hajj- Pilgrimmage to Mecca

17. Check AGAIN
 What are the two groups of Islam
that exist today?
 What is the main difference
between the two groups?
 What are the major practices of
Islam called?
 What are the 5 pillars of Islam?

18. Women in Islam
 Women are seen
wearing Hijab
 Covering of all parts
that are not the face
including hair, hands,
feet.
 Some cases, only the
eyes are visible.
 Islam is very
protective of women.
 Can only be seen
without hijab by
closest of family
members inside their
house.

19. Spread of
Islam
 After Muhammad
returned to Mecca,
Islam became fastest
spreading religion in the
history of the world.
 Stretched everywhere
until the Caliphs and
Muhammad passed
 The spread stopped in
the Dark Ages (1100-
1400 CE) and the
Middle East and
Northern Africa formed
the Ottoman Empire
 Largest and most
powerful empire in the
world at the time.
 Full of knowledge,
wealth, goods,
medicine…
 Best place in the world
to live at the time.