The Baroque Era, J. S. Bach
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
2 likes•7,243 views
The Baroque Era lasted from 1600 to 1750. It was a period of religious wars in Europe, scientific discoveries, and the exploration of the New World. Music and architecture of the time were highly ornate and ornamented. Important composers included Bach, Handel, and Vivaldi. Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) was one of the most famous composers of the Baroque era. He was born into a musical family and demonstrated exceptional musical talent from a young age. Bach held several church music director positions and composed works for orchestra, choir, and solo instruments, helping establish common practice tonality. His compositions, including the Brandenburg Concertos and The Well-Tempered Clavier, demonstrated the possibilities of well
Recommended
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Viewers also liked
Viewers also liked (19)
Similar to The Baroque Era, J. S. Bach
Similar to The Baroque Era, J. S. Bach (20)
More from Lumen Learning
More from Lumen Learning (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
The Baroque Era, J. S. Bach
- 1. The Baroque Era 1600 - 1750
- 2. • The word "baroque" comes from the Portuguese word barroco, meaning misshapen pearl. • A description of the ornate and heavily ornamented music and architecture of this period.
- 3. Important historical events • Religious wars in Europe (Protestants vs. Catholics) • Absolute monarchy • Puritan Revolution – English Civil War • Exploring the New World • Jamestown (1607) • First printed book in North American colonies: “Bay Psalm Book”, (1640) • Colonial Williamsburg
- 4. Science • Scientific discoveries of Galileo, Harvey and Newton. • Mathematical advances of Descartes, Newton and Leibnitz. • Philosophical explorations of Descartes, Spinoza and Locke.
- 5. Visual Art P. Rubens (1577 – 1640) – Flemish painter The Exchange of Princesses The Virgin and Child Adored by Angels
- 6. Rembrandt – Dutch painter Christ In The Storm On The Sea Of Galilee 1633
- 7. Architecture The Church of Sant'Andrea al Quirinale, designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, is a very good example of Baroque architecture with its domed roof and curved contours.
- 8. Governor's Palace (1722) in Colonial Williamsburg
- 9. Ludwigsburg Palace near Stuttgart, Germany's largest Baroque Palace
- 10. Grand Peterhof Palace and the Grand Cascade, St. Petersburg Russia
- 12. Church of the Third Order of St. Francis, Brazil
- 13. The Doctrine of Affections • The main purpose of music is to arose the passions or affections. • Each piece or a movement limits itself only to one of the emotions.
- 14. The Use of Different Keys C Major: rejoicing, impudent C Minor: sweet, but sad D Major: stubborn, noisy, warlike and rousing D Minor: devout, serious, grand, calming E Flat Major: pathetic, plaintive E Major: the fatal separation of body and soul E Minor: pensive and grieving, but not without hope G Flat Minor: distress, abandonment G Major: persuasive and brilliant G Minor: grace, kindness, loveliness A Major: gripping and clear A Minor: honorable and calm B Flat Major: magnificent, yet modest B Minor: hard, unpleasant and desperate
- 15. The creation of tonality • Equal temperament • Watch segments 10 – 16: http://digital.films.com.ezproxy.vccs.edu:2048/Por talViewVideo.aspx?xtid=10879&psid=0&sid=0&St ate=&title=Equal%20Temperament&IsSearch=N& parentSeriesID= • Zhu Zaiyu or Chu-Tsaiyu in 1584 and Simon Stevin in 1585 – achieved the exact calculation. • J. S. Bach wrote The Well-Tempered Clavier to demonstrate the musical possibilities of well temperament – 12 notes per octave.
- 17. Figured bass The numbers indicate what additional notes to play: the number of the scale steps above the given bass notes.
- 18. Violin http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =hcpqxQCq-UM Please watch segments 1 - 4: http://digital.films.com.ezproxy.vccs.edu:2048/PortalViewVideo.as px?xtid=6684&psid=0&sid=0&State=&title=The%20Violin&IsSearch =N&parentSeriesID=#
- 21. Cello Baroque cello and harpsichord: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0O6DGVGV0Ek
- 22. Violone, later Bass Please watch segments 2 and 3 in this video: http://digital.films.com.ezproxy.vccs.edu:2048/PortalViewVideo.aspx?xti d=6686&psid=0&sid=0&State=&title=Bass%20Instruments&IsSearch=N& parentSeriesID=#
- 26. Fortepiano
- 27. Harpsichord http://www.youtube.com /watch?v=GMPIMUuE7yI Please watch segment 8: http://digital.films.com.ezproxy.vccs. edu:2048/PortalViewVideo.aspx?xtid =925&psid=0&sid=0&State=&title=K eyboard%20and%20Percussion&IsSe arch=N&parentSeriesID=#
- 29. Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 – 1750)
- 30. Childhood • Was born into a musical family. • Lost his parents by the age of 10 and moved in with his brother, an organist. • At the age of 14, was awarded a choral scholarship to study at the prestigious St. Michael’s School in Luneburg, where he sang in the choir and played organ and harpsichord. Bach-Haus museum. Stands on the same location as the original Bach family house.
- 31. Weimar, Arnstadt, and Mühlhausen (1703–08) • A court musician in the chapel of Duke Johann Ernst in Weimar. • The organist at St. Boniface’s Church in Arnstadt. • Studied with the great organist Dietrich Buxtehude. • The organist at St. Blasius’s church in Muhlhausen. • Married Maria Barbara Bach, his second cousin. They had seven children, four of whom survived to adulthood. St. Boniface’s Church in Arnstadt
- 32. Return to Weimar (1708–17) • Returned to Weimar as organist and director of music at the ducal court. • Composed keyboard and orchestral works. • Transcribed Vivaldi’s string and wind concertos for harpsichord and organ. • Composed for organ. • Began “The Well-Tempered Clavier” http://magnatune.com/artists/albums/dbp-wtc1a/ http://magnatune.com/artists/albums/dbp-wtc2a/
- 33. Köthen (1717–23) • Leopold, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen hired Bach to serve as his Kapellmeister (director of music). • The prince was Calvinist and did not use elaborate music in his worship. • Most of Bach’s work from this period was secular. • The Orchestral Suites. http://content.thespco.org/music/compositions/orchestral-suite-no-2-in-b-minor- johann-sebastian-bach/ • Six Suites for solo cello. http://magnatune.com/artists/albums/paternoster-cellosuites1/ • Sonatas and Partitas for solo violin. http://magnatune.com/artists/albums/lara-sonatas1/ • Brandenburg Concertos. http://content.thespco.org/music/compositions/brandenburg-concerto-no-1- johann-sebastian-bach/ • Secular cantatas for the court. • Bach’s first wife suddenly died and he met and married Anna Magdalena Wilcke. They had 13 more children, six of whom survived into adulthood.
- 34. Leipzig (1723–50) • Was appointed Cantor of the Thomasschule at Thomaskirche in Leipzig and Director of Music in the principal churches in the town. • Composed cantatas required for weekly and holiday services. • Some of Bach’s last compositions: • The Musical Offering • The Goldberg Variations • Canonic Variations • The Art of the Fugue http://www.baroquecds.com/730ArtFugue3.mp3 • Died at the age of 65 due to unsuccessful eye operation. • His grave went unmarked for nearly 150 years.
- 35. Major Compositions • For soloists, choir, orchestra • St. Matthew Passions • Magnificat • Mass in B Minor • More than 200 Cantatas • For orchestra • 6 Brandenburg Concertos • 5 Suites • For different instruments: • 2 Concertos for violin • Concerto for 2 violins • Concertos for 1, 2, 3, and 4 harpsichords • The Art of Fugue for harpsichord • 6 Concertos for organ • Fantasias and Fugues for organ Bach Toccata and Fugue in D Minor • Sonatas • 6 Sonatas for violin and harpsichord • 3 Sonatas and 3 Partitas for violin solo • 6 Suites for cello solo
- 36. Video Assignment Please watch the following video and take notes. You will be asked to reflect on Bach’s life and legacy. http://digital.films.com.ezproxy.vccs.edu:2048/PortalViewVideo. aspx?xtid=29998&psid=0&sid=0&State=&title=Johann%20Sebas tian%20Bach&IsSearch=N&parentSeriesID=
- 37. Required Readings • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J_S_Bach • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctrine_of_affections