This research documents focused on architectural characteristics of different materials and this

1. Mouldings
Mouldingsare an architectural device whereby,with
the helpof the lightand shade theyproduce,definition
isgivento the salientlinesof abuilding.Thusthe
delicacyof mouldedcontoursisinproportiontothe
strengthof sunlightinany givencountry,alwaysmaking
due allowance fornational tendencies·andthe
possibilitiesof the material used.
Examples:
a) Cyma recta-whichisoftencarvedwith
honeysucldeornament,whose outlinecorresponds
withthe-section.
b) Cyma reversa (OgeeJ- whenenrichediscarved with
1he waterleaf andtongue;
c) Ovolo {egg-like) whenenrichediscarvedwith the
egg·and dart, or ·eggand tongue ornament.
d) The Allet,a small plainface to se parate other
mouldings,isusuallywithoutenrichment.
e) Astragal or beadservesmuchthe same as the fillet,
but approachesa circle insection.Itissometimes
carve withthe "beadandreel."
f) csvetto - isa simple hollow.
g.) Scotia-isa deephollowwhichoccursin bases, and

2. isgenerallynotenriched:
h) Torus-isreaHva magnifiedbeadmouldingwhich,whenenriched,iscarvedwiththe guillocheorplait
ornament,orwithbundlesof leave tied~.
i.) bird's beak moulding occursfrequentlyinthe Doricorderandgivesa deepshadow.
j) The corona,ordeepvertical face of the upperportionof the cornice,wasfrequenttypaintedwitha
Greek'Feet'ornament.
Theatres
The Greektheatre-- anopen-airstructure,wasgeneallyhollowedoutif the slope of ahillside,inornear
a city,and receiveddefinitive architectural formonlyinthe 4thcenturyB.C. The developedform
consistedof three independentelements:the auditoriumor( CAVEAl) intiersof stone seatsarrangedin
a horseshoe shape aroundthe circularpavedspace (orchestra) usedby the chorus,andthe stage
(SKENE) foractors.Earlyin the Hellenisticperiod,a"PROSCENIUM"came to be builtinfrontof the skene
to accomodate changesindramatic presentation,andwiththe adventof the proscenium, the
importance of the orchestradeclined.
PUBLIC BUILDINGS
AGORA -or town square,wasthe

3. centre of social and businesslife,aroundornearwhichwere stoasor colonnadedporticoes,temples,
administrativeandpublicbuildings,markets,placesof entertainment,monumentsandshrines.
Athens

4. Plan of the ancient
AGORA
STOA-alongcolonnadedbuilding,seNedmanypurposes.Stoaswere usedaroundpublicplacesandas
sheltersatreligiousshrines.
PRYTANEION -
servedassenate house forthe chief dignitariesof the cityandas a place where distinguishedvisitors
and citizensmightbe entertained.
BOULEUTERION, or council house was a covered meeting place for the democratically-elected councils.
Small andwithmany columns,Bouleuterionare usuallyrectangularbuildingswithbankedseatsfacing
inwardsonthree sides,orarrangedin a semi-circle.
Assemblyhalls,forcitizensingeneral,were similar,butneededtobe larger.

5. ODEION - a kindredtype tothe theatre,wasa buildingwhichthe musicianperformedtheirwork for
the approval of the publicandcompetedforprizes.
STADIUM-wasthe footrace course incitieswhere gamescetebratedandhada lengthof about(183 m
~600ft ) betweenbanksof seatsfoundedonconvenientnatural groundor on the spoil fromexcavation
of flatsites.The startingendwasstraight,the othersemi-circular.
TOMBS
NereidMonument-(Xanthos) typifiesIoniansculptural luxuriance andthe use inGreekAsiaMinorof a
temple formof tomb,elevatedonhighpodium. The entablature lacksatrue frieze,butthe architrave is
sculpturedendthere are otherbas-relief friezeonthe podium.Betweenthe columnsstoodNereidsor
marine nymphs.
*podium- a continuouspedestal;alsothe enclosingplatform
of the arenaof an amphi-theatre.
SARCOPHAGUS,Cnidos-takenfromatombchamber,of the ornamental treatmentgiventoastone
coffinhewnoutof one blockof marble andwithsculpturesof alate period.

6. Mausoleum, Halicarnassos-the mostfamousof all tombsand one of the sevenwondersof the world,
was erectedtoKingMausolosbyhiswidow,Artemisia,andfromitisderivedthe term"Masoleum"
appliedtomonumental tombs.

7. DOMESTIC BUILDINGS
The Greekslivedmuchof theirwakinglife inthe publicandsacredpartsof the city,and theirhouses
were at firstmodestinscope andmaterials.The roomslookedtowardsasmall court,the chief
apartmentsbeingonthe northside,facing'the wintersun,withothersonthe eastand westsides. Two-
storeyarrangementwere quite common.The.DORIAN GREEKSdevelopedthe "pastas''house,beinga
longshallowroom,crossingthe house fromside toside andpartlyopenonthe Southtowardsthe court,
whilstservingtooforaccessto the mainInnerroomsto the North.

8. Caryatid -sculpturedfemale figuresusedascolumnsorsupports.
Canephora- sculpturedfemale figuresbearingbasketsontheirheads.