The American Revolution began in 1775 in response to taxation imposed on the colonies by the British government without colonial representation. Key events inflaming tensions included the Boston Tea Party in 1773 and the Boston Massacre in 1770. The Second Continental Congress formed the Continental Army under George Washington, and though they lost the Battle of Bunker Hill, they ultimately defeated the British at Yorktown in 1781. The Treaty of Paris was signed in 1783, granting independence and establishing borders for the new United States of America.