The document provides information about the testis and spermatic cord. It describes the testis as the male gonad that is homologous with the ovary and functions to produce spermatozoa and secrete testosterone. It details the external features, coverings, blood supply, lymphatic drainage, and normal descent process of the testis from abdominal cavity to scrotum during fetal development. Applied topics like hydrocele, varicocele, testicular cancer, undescended testis, and torsion of testis are also mentioned. The epididymis is described as a comma-shaped structure made up of highly coiled tubes that act as reservoirs for spermatozoa.

1. TESTIS AND SPERMATIC CORD

2. Introduction
• Male gonad.
• Homologous with ovary.
• Function:-
– Production of
spermatozoa.
– Secretion of testosterone.
• Shape :-
– Oval/ellipsoid.
• Measurements:-
– 4x3x2.5 cms

3. External features
• Two poles.
• Two surfaces.
• Two borders.
• Epididymis

4. Covering
• Tunica vaginalis.
– Persistent lower
portion of processus
vaginalis.
• Tunica albuginea.
– Thick dense layer of
fibrous tissue.
• Tunica vasculosa.
– Inner most vascular
layer lining the lobules.

5. Structure

6. Blood supply
• Arterial
supply:-
– Testicular
artery
• Venous
drainage:-
– Pampinifor
m plexus of
veins.

7. Lymphatic drainage

8. Descent of testis
• WHY???
• Testis develops in the abdominal cavity.
• Processus vaginalis.
• Gubernaculum testis.
• Sequence:-
– Loin to iliac fossa – 3rd month of IUL.
– Deep inguinal ring – 4th – 7th IUL.
– In the inguinal canal – 7 th IUL.
– External Inguinal ring – 8th IUL.
– Scrotum – 9th month.

9. Descent of testis

11. Factors responsible for descent
• Differential growth of the body wall.
• Increased intra-abdominal pressure &
temperature.
• Hormones ( male hormones produced by
testis)
• Contraction of gubernaculum.

12. Embryological remnants
• Appendix of testis
– Remnant of mullerian duct.
• Appendix of epididymis.
– Mesonephric remnant

13. APPLIED

14. Hydrocele

15. Varicocele
– Reasons:-
• ???

17. Testicular Ca

18. Imperfect descent of the testis
• May be incomplete descent or ectopia testis.
• Cryptorchidism – absence of testis in one
scrotum.
• Incomplete descent :- types
• Ectopia testis – deviation from the normal
path of descent.

19. Undescended Testis

20. Torsion of testis

21. EPIDIDYMIS

22. Epididymis
• Comma shaped structure.
• Made up of highly coiled tubes that act as
reservoirs of the spermatozoa.
• Parts:-
– Head, body , tail.
– Head connected to the upper pole of testis by
efferent ductules.

23. SPERMATIC CORD