This document discusses considerations for different types of language tests. It notes that proficiency testing has low importance for directly testing limits, while placement tests have high importance. Achievement and diagnostic tests are more applicable for testing grammar through techniques like paraphrase, completion, and modified cloze exercises. Careful allocation of points is needed, separating points for items testing multiple skills. Vocabulary tests for placement should sample high frequency words according to their usefulness and occurrence in texts. Both recognition and production can be tested, though production is only possible for achievement tests. Communicative tests are less important for learning but suitable for assessing the learning process with less backwash effect.

1. Text: Arthur Hughes

2.  Items to be covered – a lot
 But directly testing limits operations
 Importance in proficiency testing – low
 Achievement, diagnostic test - applicable
 Placement test - high

3.  Specifications
Straight-forward materials (achievement test)
 Sampling
Selecting according to importance not easier to test
 Multiple choice – low
 Paraphrase, completion, modified cloze - high

4.  Paraphrase or transformation
 example:
 Testing passive, past continuous form
 Testing present perfect with for (/negative)
 Completion or filling the gaps
 Example:
 Q: Let me take down your information. Where ......?
 A: Uttara, Dhaka
 Modified cloze
 Testing prepositions with image
 Articles, linking or mixed structures

5.  Careful allocation of award points
 Specific to the intended item(s)
 separation of points for more than one item

6.  Can be tested along with grammar.
 Formative assessment can be done.
 Little instruction than grammar
 Little necessity for such tests for achievement test.
 There may be prerequisites for placement tests.
 Diagnostic test- not necessary.

7.  Specifications
 Including relative items
 Grouping them according to importance
 Vocabulary placement test= proficiency test
 Questions: according to frequency and the text.
 Sampling
 Frequency and usefulness

8. Recognition- encouraging guessing meaning
1. Synonyms
 gleam: a. gather, b. shine, c. welcome, d. clean.
 distractions: glean(a) or similarity with clean
2. Definitions
 loathe means- a. dislike intensely, b. become seriously ill, c.
search carefully, d. look very angry
 distraction- notion of intensity
3. Gap filling or multiple choice
 context for testing knowledge of lexical item
 The strong wind ______ the man's effort to put up the tent.
 a. disabled, b. hampered, c. deranged, d. regaled

9. Production
 Only for possibility in achievement test.
1. Picture
2. Definition
 _____ is a person who treats and looks after our teeth.
(specific)
3. Gap filling
 Because of the rain, the cricket match was ___ until the
following week. (non-specific)

10.  Communicative in nature
 Less importance for learning
 Suitable for process
 Less focus on backwash effect