Tesla Mission Statement

Tesla Mission Statement
Tesla
Background Summary & Business Conditions
Inspired by the patented design of Nikola Tesla, Tesla INC. was established in 2003, when a group
of engineer from Silicon Valley challenged the theory that electric car could be better than gasoline
powered cars and more efficient. With Elon Musk, as CEO, Tesla's mission is to increase its
sustainable energy productivity and market its products to become more affordable. To provide
electricity, Tesla utilizes lithium ion battery for energy, and now its extension spreads to 30 countries
from across North America, Europe, Australia, China and South Korea.
In 2012, Tesla launched the first fully operated electric sedan, with moderate comfort and storage,
the battery is located in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It could create a major difficulty for the company to continue to thrive, especially when the unit
price for a car is farfetched for most consumers to afford.
Employee Values and Loyalty Adjustment
Tesla continues to hire more than 2,500 employees annually. 95% of its workers are in the United
States, totaling 85% males, along with an average of 36 years old. To retain its employees, Tesla
offers full health benefit to all of its workers, including dental, vision, preventative care, life
insurance, bereavement, concierge services, as well as birth control and a plan to reduce maternity
costs to assist its employees. (Lejeune, 2012). The organization examines closely its candidates
before accepting them within its assembly, even the CEO conducts some of the interview. To
enhance, the firm relies on high demand for Engineers and qualified staff.
Despite recent layoffs in China, Tesla has no shortage of applicants, however the company fails to
publish detail information about its workers regarding salaries, wages and other form of
compensations. (Roberts, 2015)
Internal & External Issues
As an emerged company, Tesla contributes significantly to administrative misconduct, fraud,
underachievement and controversies. For instance, when Designer Engineer, Cristina Balau Stated
that quality issues increased as production augmented on Tesla's Model S, due to the application of
bad parts in the car, she was force to quit her job and later filed a
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Lithium Ion Batteries And Its Effects
Lithium ion batteries were introduced commercially during the early 1990's as the desire for smaller
and more lightweight rechargeable batteries grew with the increased demand for the improvement of
portable electronic devices (Yoshino, 2012). Prior to this there were commercially available
rechargeable batteries already on the market, predominately in the form of lead–acid (PbA), Nickel–
Cadmium (NiC) and Nickel Metal–hydride (NiMH) batteries. The development of the Lithium ion
(Li–ion) battery began due to the knowledge of lithium's low redox reaction rate and high energy to
weight ratio (Wu, 2015), which, it was believed would make Li–ion batteries a good option for
introducing smaller, more energy rich batteries to the growing market. ... Show more content on
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Through the continuous research and development in the chemistry of Li–ion batteries the
components have been extensively studied in an attempt to find the best materials to ensure a battery
with a high energy capacity and safety features. There are a wide range of cathode materials
available for use in a Li–ion battery. Those with a good level of stability at high temperatures,
insolubility in the electrolyte and good electrical conductivity (Chakrabarti, 2008) being the ideal
choice for the cathode. In general cathodes consist of lithium–metal oxides and these layered or
intercalated oxides containing nickel, cobalt and manganese are those which have been studied most
extensively. Both cobalt and nickel have a high voltage, making these metals excellent options for
the cathode, however, the availability of cobalt is quite limited. Manganese is a low cost substitution
but it has limited cycling behaviour, hence mixtures of these metals are combined to provide a
cathode with a high thermal threshold, good rate capabilities and availability with low toxicity and
low cost (Claus, 2008). Recent studies have highlighted polyoxyanion structures, such as Lithium
Iron Phosphate, as options for the cathode material, providing high electrochemical performances as
well as nontoxicity (Chakrabarti, 2008). As with cathode materials, there are many options for the
material of the anode, with each providing different advantages. The Anode requires a high and
reversible

Flexible Li-Ion Batteries Essay
Flexible Li–ion batteries (LIBs) have a strong oncoming consumer market demand for use in
wearable electronic devices, flexible smart electronics, roll–up displays, electronic shelf labels,
active radio–frequency identification tags, and implantable medical devices. This market demand
necessitates research and development of flexible LIBs in order to fulfill the power requirements of
these next generation devices. One of the main areas of research and development of high
performance flexible LIBs is the active and inactive materials used in manufacturing these batteries.
Active materials are those materials used in the battery electrodes that can store lithium ions in their
structure. The remaining materials used in manufacturing flexible ... Show more content on
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As explained by IDTech Ex report that the flexible electronics market will reach over $76 billion by
2023[1],while the market for flexible, thin, stretchable and bendable batteries will grow to become
about $471 million industry by 2026[2]. Additionally, the product is considered the most promising
energy storage device with low carbon dioxide emission. The energy density of the lithium ion
battery range between 120–170 Wh Kg–1 and 250–380 Wh l–1 more higher than Ni–Cd and Lead–
acid[3]. LIB has three major electronically active components namely anode, electrolyte, and
cathode. The anode is the negative electrode that releases electrons into an external circuit during a
discharge process that involves the oxidation of chemical reactions. On the other hand, the cathode
is the positive electrode that is reduced during a reaction. Notably, the lithium ions are stored within
the cathode after a cell is discharged. Both cathode and anode stores energy while on charge, and
releases it on discharge[4]. Cathode materials have relatively high electrochemical potentials while
anode materials have low potentials. This design approach helps maximize the battery's output
voltage. The final active component of the LIB is the electrolyte. It is a mixture of a set of organic
solvents containing disassociated lithium salts that enables Li+ transportation between the anode and
the cathode. Besides, other complementary components, such as current collectors attached to the

Tesla 's Long Term Success
3. Develop a business model for Tesla, indicating future sales and profitability; what is your
assessment of Tesla's long–term success?
In oligopoly and more than 100 years old auto industry, Tesla has the competitive advantage in
Electric Vehicles. There are great chances of Tesla's Gigafactory will be the primary source for the
world's lithium battery requirements. Tesla is the only company investing heavily in electric
charging stations and research and development in the automobile industry either in ICE or EV.
Tesla cars are very expensive, production and deliveries are lower. Once production and sales are
increased, manufacturing unit costs will reduce. In short period Tesla will not get profits assuming
until 2017 due to its vast investments but, since, there is a prominent future for EVs, and Model 3
available in the market Tesla will get heavy profits and assuming other companies depends on it and
Tesla will monopolistically lead in EVs and EV components. We can address this by Mapping
Strategic Groups and Two Critical Assumptions.
Mapping Strategic Groups:
The competitive rivalry is strongest between firms that are within the same strategic group: The
closer firms are on the strategic–group map, the more directly and intensely they are competing with
one another. Tesla cars have competition from Toyota Hybrid car Prius and Nissan electric car Leaf.
Since, Tesla lithium–ion battery cars run more than 200 miles, and it is the industry highest mileage
ever car Tesla

Li-Ion Batteries
LITERATURE PROJECT CHEM3004
LITHIUM–ION BATTERIES
Abstract Technology is striving to keep up with today's society. We continuously require smaller,
lighter and more autonomous equipment. The rechargeable lithium ion battery is the most important
factor in determining the rate of development of modern day consumer electronics. Perhaps not
surprisingly the transport of lithium ions (Li+) remains the preferred technology to achieve this. As a
result and for the purpose of this review, only the Li–ion battery (rather than the Li–metal battery)
will be considered. This contribution is interested in presenting the issues and challenges this
technology has and will encounter. Given the huge volume of literature published on this ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In fact, by 2001, the rechargeable lithium ion battery occupied a 63% share in worldwide sales of all
batteries which only re–enforces the demand for such a technology1. This illustrates the demand and
the extensive development for such power sources.
Figure 2 illustrates some of the reasons why.
Figure 2: Comparison of the different battery technologies in terms of volumetric and gravimetric
energy density in 2001 (ref 1).
Global warming and the end of fossil fuels looming conspire to present the greatest threat to today's
world. A realistic solution to curb the use of fossil fuels is the use of clean energy sources.
Transportation accounts for 30% of CO2 emissions, it follows then that the use of batteries to power
such fields would be a great benefit to the planet. Already used in consumer electronics such as
laptops and mobile phones, the rechargeable lithium ion battery offers the highest energy storage per
unit weight and volume (Figure 2) and therefore the most appealing for use in applications such as
electric vehicles48.
The "rocking–chair" battery
The rocking–chair battery is more commonly known as the rechargeable lithium–ion battery. As it
will be described in this report, the materials used to constitute these cells have been extensively
researched and have known many variations and changes over time.
Figure 3 depicts the discharge process in a typical cell. This cell, and most cells today, is based on

The Transition From Chemical Potential And The Future...
ELECTROCHEMISTRY; THE TRANSITION FROM CHEMICAL POTENTIAL TO
BATTERIES, AND THE FUTURE SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR THE WORLD.
Abstract
This paper is a review of chemical potential energy and attempting to relate the advances in the
batteries with environmental sustainability.. It walks though the beginning of chemical potential
energy before diving into more specific form of chemical potential energy in the form of batteries.
This will deal with the basic idea of how lithium–ion batteries work and the advantage and
disadvantages of operating Li–ion. It will also deal with the derivatives of lithium mainly the lithium
Sulfur which deals with more high density energy which going forward will be important with more
complicated energy uses on the horizons. Everything going forward will require higher more
consumable energy this energy needs to be renewable. Going forwards hydrocarbon are needed to
be phased out and though integration with lithium the transition can start as the energy can be
transported easily and produced rapidly in the form of a battery.
Introduction
The main problems when it comes to energy sustainability can be found in three main components
scale, production and storage of the energy. Each poses multiple problems intercut with the cost of
each as production can be done and energy can be stored at high cost but neither would be favored
over the current system. Scale is harder to define as more then cost stops scaling up systems, some
can't be scaled up under

Chemistry Involved in Electric Vehicles
What is the chemistry involved in electric vehicles?
Electrical cars have been around since the 1800s.The first practical electric car was designed by
Thomas Parker in London. The vehicles popularity continued into the 20th century, until the
technology of combustible engines advanced and the mass production of gas vehicles. In 2008 the
electric car appeared once again because the advances in the battery and power technology, upward
prices of oil and emissions. The electrical car originally used a lead acid based battery, today
however the lithium ion rechargeable battery is used. The battery of the electric car stores chemical
energy and converts the energy to electricity. The chemistry of the electric car is found mainly in the
battery. In the battery there is a chemical reaction in cells which then produces a voltage. These
batteries usually have 200 to 400 small cells. The cells are combined to create a powerful battery.
The risk is that if one cell overcharge it causes a thermal reaction. The development electronic
controls for this risk are in process but are expensive. Khalil Amine and Zonghai Chen of the
Argonne National Laboratory discovered a molecule base of boron and fluorine added to each cell
controls the charging of the battery cells. The molecule is said to be less costly and more reliable
than the electric control. (MANDEL, 2009) In the 1800s the lead acid based battery was invented
and used in electrical cars. The technologies of the lead–acid battery

Better Batteries Charge Forward By Susan Gaidos
In today's technological world people are often tethered to the walls by their jumbles of charging
cords, but those days may soon be coming to an end. Advances in recent technology have made it
possible to construct a longer lasting power source. In the article "Better Batteries charge forward",
Susan Gaidos explains how building a better battery could have the power to "jolt people to the
future". Gaidos begins by using statements made by material scientist George Crabtree of the
Argonne national laboratory to acknowledge the accomplishments of the more traditional lithium–
ion battery, and explain how new batteries could improve upon them. Lithium–ion batteries did alter
individual electronics in an enormous way but they are limited in larger

Lithium-Ion Batteries In American History
Ever felt frustrated because your phone died while you where in the middle of a text, or call, or even
trying to take a picture? Thats because you have the wrong battery. This invention fixes that
problem. The lithium–ion battery has been around for decades and it is in almost every electronic
know to date. They are in all of your phones and computers. This discovery was one of many very
important inventions in American History. Lithium batteries have affected both the social and
economic aspect of life in America. The lithium–ion battery was created back in 1980 by a man
named John Bannister Goodenough. John is a world renowned scientist and has earned many huge
awards that most scientist dream to get. Dr. Goodenough created this battery

Byd Company Case Analysis
BYD COMPANY, LTD. CASE ANALYSIS 1. BYD Company, Ltd. ("BYD") is the world's second
largest manufacturer of rechargeable batteries. Exhibit 1 shows that between 1999 and 2001, BYD's
annual sales grew three times – exceeding RMB 1.3 billion in 2001. Based on the first four months
of 2002, BYD's annual sales are expected exceed RMB 1.6 billion in 2002. Founded in 1995 by
Wang Chuan–Fu, chairman and president, BYD has built its reputation by becoming the largest
Chinese supplier of lithium–ion batteries to cell phone manufacturers. Exhibit 3 shows that by 2002,
BYD was among the top four manufactures worldwide – and was the largest Chinese manufacturer
– in each of the three main battery technologies (with about 9% market share in Li–ion ... Show
As shown in Exhibit 13, the production capacity of major firms in china slightly exceeded 2 million
units in 2002, this figure is expected to reach 3.5 million units by 2012 – as shown in Exhibit 14.
Yes! The Chinese auto industry is attractive to BYD. Given the expected growth and demand in the
auto industry, combined with Chinese government having stopped issuing production permits for
new automotive companies, there are very few remaining opportunities to get in to this booming
auto industry. Moreover, BYD is getting a good bargain as the assets of the state–owned Qinchuan
Auto are being sold at a cheaper price. The state owned auto manufacturers without foreign partners
accounted for 25% of auto sales in China. Many of the SOE manufacturers did not even have
R&D departments. Because most of the automobile parts were imported, similar models of cars
cost more in China than in USA. The existing foreign joint ventures were selling the vehicles at
prices that gave them margins of 10% to 20%. Considering the current situation, there is room for
low–priced entrants. Wang always dreamt of applying Li–ion battery technology to develop an
electric vehicle. Using newer battery technology and assembling it cheaply, the vehicle could be
competitively priced and represent a way for China to leap

Essay On My Phone
My current phone is a Samsung Galaxy S7, it launched in February of 2016, but it is still one of the
best smart phones I have had. It was a significant improvement over the Galaxy S6 and it smoothly
transitions from task to task as needed. To give an overview of the S7's hardware, not the S7 Edge as
they are slightly different, it ships with a 5.1–inch multi touch display of 1440 x 2560 pixels. It uses
a Exyos 8890 Octa chipset and for CPU it has Octa–core; as for GPU, it runs a Mali T880 MP12.
One significant difference between my phone and the slightly larger S7 Edge is the battery. The S7
comes with a nonremovable 3000 mAh lithium ion battery. This battery can support 22 hrs of talk
time or 62 hrs of music playing.
To improve on the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While I am glad that the S7 is compatible with Android 7.0, I was not very happy with the 2gb
update. I don't have much on my phone just the mostly useless, yet numerous, preinstalled apps on
that came with my phone as well as a few games here and there. As my phone only came with 32gb
internal memory, which seems like a lot, I am somewhat limited in what I can do.
First, I'll list the applications that came with my phone. They are: Amazon, Amazon Kindle, Amazon
Music, Google Maps, Google Drive, Gmail, Chrome, YouTube, Facebook Photos, Android Pay,
Samsung's email app, S voice, Samsung health, Samsung Milk, My Files, Calculator, Calendar,
Camera, Clock, Gallery, Memo, Oculus, OneDrive, Play Music, Play Store, Play Games, Play
Books, Samsung Gear, Messages (not Messenger), contacts and go90. Many of these have been
disabled and I never use them, but they still do take up a bit of space. Applications that I have put on
my phone myself are: Adobe Acrobat, Acorns, Airbnb, Art of Conquest, Chase mobile app, Google
Cardboard, Clash of Kings, ColorNote, CommBank, Dictionary, Discord, Fire Emblem Heroes,
LINE, LinkedIn, Mega Share, Messenger, Instagram, Ifunny, QUT mobile app, Show Box, Slack,
Spotify, Snapchat, Steam, Skype, Zingbox, and WhatsApp.
As I've said before, 32gb may seem like a lot, but I find that it really isn't much at all. I have been
hovering around 30gb for the longest time, even with my 64gb sd card. Currently I have 1.53gb of
internal

Electric Cars Are Going to Be the Future Essay
Electric Cars Are Going To Be the Future Nearly every household in America owns a gas powered
vehicle, which pollutes our environment daily. Our society needs to consider furthering its
knowledge and use of electric cars. Pollution of our environment must come to a halt in every
situation possible in order to save the future of our atmosphere. I believe that the switch from gas–
powered cars to electric cars is a very necessary and reasonable approach to save the environment.
Several different car manufacturers have already began making efforts to adapt their vehicles to
become more environmentally safe products. Although our country runs off oil and its proceeds, we
can still attempt to make conversions that will lead to an overall ... Show more content on
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Therefore, engineers and car manufacturers are not fixing the problem as a whole with their efforts
to revolutionize automobiles, but every step forward counts. Instead of being content with the
advancements, car manufacturers and engineers should continue to explore the world of
environmentally safe opportunities to bring forward into the public eye. One of the most widely
known alternatives to gasoline in America is hydrogen or biodiesel. Some might argue that
hydrogen–powered or biodiesel–powered cars are more efficient than electric–powered cars, but
they are not even close. Hydrogen cars are more expensive to fuel. The hydrogen car costs about
three dollars per gallon, which totals around fifteen cents per mile, while the electric car pays in
kilowatt–hours, which totals about two cents per mile. The average hydrogen car costs about one
million dollars and the technology is just not there yet. It would cost excessively much to install
hydrogen fueling stations and biodiesel pumps when it would be much easier and more reasonable
to install a greater amount of electrical outlets across the world. Although, electric cars are more
expensive to buy off the dealership lot they outperform the regular gasoline cars physically and
economically. The electric car overall is cheaper to maintain, but unfortunately, after about ten years
the lithium ion batteries start to drain out, but instead of buying a brand new car

The Physics Behind The Electric Vehicle
The Physics behind the Electric Vehicle It has been estimated that there will be approximately 1200
million motor vehicles by the year 2020. That is almost twice the number of cars that are already
traveling on our busy roads. Due to this ever increasing vehicle population, the demand for fuel will
continue to increase as well. With the depleting supply of oil already an issue for the U.S. especially,
there is a growing interest in alternative energy fuels that can be used to power motor vehicles.
Electric vehicles (EV) are one of the cleanest and most environmentally friendly cars available at
this point in time. By definition, an electric car is an automobile that is propelled by one or more
electric motors, using electrical energy stored in rechargeable or another energy storage device. The
electric motors used in these cars gives off instant torque, creating strong and smooth acceleration.
Some of the models of EVs have an electric motor for each wheel. Having these four motors not
only allows for better propulsion, but also for the use of braking and changing the kinetic energy
back into chemical energy in the batteries. The traction that the car gets is also increased with each
wheel driving. In some of the EV models the electric motors can be mounted directly inside the
mounting for the wheel, which enables a loss of all the moving parts between the motor and the
wheel. When there is no axle, differential, or transmission, the EVs have less drivetrain

Case Study : Marketing Foundations And Planning
Stefan Correa
Comm4120: Marketing Foundations and Planning
Summer 2015
Week 3
Tesla Motors
Core competencies:
We believe the core competencies of our company are powertrain engineering, vehicle engineering
and innovative manufacturing. Our core intellectual property is contained within our electric
powertrain and the ability to design a vehicle which capitalizes on the uniqueness of an electric
powertrain. Our electric powertrain consists of the following: battery pack, power electronics,
motor, gearbox and the control software which enables the components to operate as a system. We
designed each of these major elements for our Tesla Roadster and Model S and plan to use much of
this technology in Model X, Model 3, our future electric ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
They have differentiated themselves from their competitors in the automotive industry by
revolutionizing the lithium ion batteries to hold more charge and in effect, provide better mileage
compared to conventional hybrid or plug–in based electric vehicles. The performance figures
generated by Tesla's batteries is unmatched in the automotive industry. Besides the batteries, Tesla
has developed a robust and unique value chain ecosystem around its cars which provides better
value and end–user experience to customers.
5.1 INNOVATIVE LITHIUM ION BATTERIES
While competitors discussed the long–term viability of the lithium ion battery and debated on its
feasibility, Tesla Motors launched their cars with it and entered a market where there were few
competitors. Hybrid cars were in production before their entry but Tesla was the first to introduce
cars reliant fully on battery power. To gain a lead over competitors, Tesla made highly efficient
battery pack to give cars a better mileage. By compacting thousands of highly efficient Lithium–ion
cells into a liquid–cooled battery pack Tesla created highest energy density batteries in the industry.
Despite the highly compact structure and weight (450 kg), the battery pack is tuned to provide
reliability, efficiency and safety. As a result, the performance figures are at par with industry leaders.
Competitors can imitate this technology but

Persuasive Essay About Electric Cars
Is it possible to visualize not having to stop to refuel cars with gas? Is preserving the environment
for future generations important? Is safety a factor when choosing a car? It is the year 2017 yet,
abundant products like gas powered cars are generating toxic pollutants that are detrimental to our
habitat. Not to mention, the tremendous price tag and safety, uncertainties we experience pertaining
to these types of vehicles. To illustrate this dilemma, approximately each home in the United States
occupies one car fueled by gas. Flying cars like in the cartoon show The Jetsons do not exist;
nonetheless, there is a superior solution. People should switch to Electric transportation because
they provide ample benefits to our society such as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Considering electric autos use electricity for power, it is eco–friendly. Specifically, it is energy
efficient and operates with fewer natural resources. The fact that these vehicles do not use gas fuel
means that there is no pollution emitted like climate harmful greenhouse gasses or nitrogen oxide.
Electric cars use a lithium battery to operate, thus preserving hundreds of dollars every year. By way
of example, I know that from my own personal experience that I am tired of spending mass amounts
of money on gas. In addition, these categories of batteries are rechargeable and can regenerate
conveniently at home or at a local charging station. As a result, the batteries alone allow spending
less money and using fewer resources.
In particular, electric automotive designers gravitate towards fixating on green materials. In fact, the
interiors frequently integrate recycled materials such as second–hand home appliances, used car
parts, and plastic. BMW; for instance, manufactured an ecological brand with their i3 model. As a
matter of fact, they recycle old lithium batteries to recharge at home. Seeing that electric autos use
electricity instead of gas fuels helps to protect the atmosphere. For those reasons, there is obviously
less excuses on the continuation of harming our environment.
Electric cars possess less moving parts; for this reason, they have fewer maintenance requirements
and expenses. Without a doubt;

Lithium Ion Batteries For Electric Vehicle Batteries Essay
Introduction
A lithium–ion (Li–ion) battery is a type of rechargeable battery which uses a lithium ion that moves
from a positive electrode (cathode) to a negative electrode (anode) during charging and vice versa
during discharge. Lithium–ion batteries are less environmentally damaging than batteries containing
heavy metals such as cadmium and mercury, but recycling them is still far preferable to incinerating
them or sending them to landfill. Lithium ion batteries are made up of one or more generating
compartments called cells. Each cell is composed of three components: an anode, a cathode, and a
chemical called an electrolyte in between them.
Lithium–ion batteries are becoming more common in portable electronic devices due to their high–
energy density, lack of memory effect, and high charge and discharge rate capabilities. Research and
development work is ongoing to improve safety and increase capacity, charge/discharge rate, and
lifetime. Demand for electric vehicle batteries is currently small, but it is expected to grow very
quickly. China, Japan, South Korea, France, and the United States are the major lithium–ion battery
manufacturers for hybrid and electric vehicle applications.
A lot of information from different sources was gathered with the purpose of comparing different
Li–ion batteries mechanisms, cathode and anode materials, structure and fabrication procedures, and
their respective advantages and disadvantages.
Structure of a lithium ion cell
A lithium

Lithium Ion Batteries Case Study
A123 Systems History of Lithium–Ion Batteries Rechargeable battery evolution accelerated as the
world transitioned to instruments enabled by silicon microchip technology from those of bulky
electrical components. Mobile devices were designed to be powered by lightweight energy storage
systems. The development of batteries for this rapidly evolving market was challenging: The nickel
cadmium battery had been the only option for modern electronics for many years. It was a great
improvement over carbon batteries. Later, nickel–hydride batteries became the technology of choice.
Lithium–ion batteries became available in the 1990s, offering higher energy densities. This
technology won out nickel–hydride. The lithium–ion ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Howard Anderson was the founder of the venture capital firm "Yankee Tek" and a lecturer at MIT
Sloan School. He had previously funded two of Fulop's previous ventures and gave him office space
to be an "entrepreneur in residence" while he sought his next venture. Fulop began investigating
innovations in the battery industry and discovered Chiang's research lab. He was enthused by the
self–organizing battery concept and the opportunity for a battery with four times the energy density
of the available lithium–ion technology that could be charged one hundred times faster. Both Chiang
and Fulop decided that the new venture would be an early stage company dedicated to further
development of the self–assembly battery. They brought on Bart Riley as the R&D leader (he had
spent 11 years at Chiang's company "Superconductor"). A123 negotiated an exclusive license to the
key patent filings from Chiang's lab with MIT's technology and licensing office. A123 put together
the first round of financing of $8.3 M in December 2002 (Northbridge Ventures, Sequoia, Sparta
Group, Yankee Tek and MIT's Venture Fund). Four months later, an additional $4m was raised from
Motorola and Qualcomm, both incredible technology companies and users of lithium–ion batteries.
Howard Anderson (Yankee Tek) saw these corporate investments as

Essay on Simulation: Lithium-ion Battery
Simulation Strategic Innovation Simulation: Back Bay Battery (v2)
Clayton M. Christensen; Willy Shih
Added on Sep 22, 2014, Purchased on Sep 22, 2014, Expires on Sep 22, 2015
Hide Details
Product #:7015–HTM–ENGFormat: English Web Based HTML
In this single–player simulation, students play the role of a business unit manager at a battery
company facing the classic Innovator's Dilemma. Students have to manage R&D investment
tradeoffs between the unit's existing battery technologies versus investing in a new, potentially
disruptive battery technology. Over the course of eight simulated years, students must address a
number of challenges including the timing and level of investment across both mature and new
businesses, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are inexpensive, albeit heavy. A variant on the lead –acid battery is the Gel Cell, which is a
sealed lead–acid battery with a jellified electrolyte, allowing a higher degree of portability.
Smaller rechargeable batteries began as size–compatible replacements for disposable batteries and
used technologies such as nickel–cadmium (NiCd), nickel–iron (Ni–Fe), nickel metal hydride
(NiMH), and lithium ion (Li–ion) and lithium polymer. As demands for portable electronic devices
such as laptop computers, music players, and cellular telephone handsets rose, makers responded
with new sizes and custom packaging to meet the unique needs of customers.
Battery Performance Criteria
Important battery performance criteria include:
 Energy Density: The amount of charge stored within a battery. A battery with a higher energy
density can store more charge, and thus can power a device for a longer time or deliver more power
in the same time period. As laptop computers took on larger screen sizes and more powerful
processors, the demand for higher energy density drove a switch from
NiMH to Li–ion batteries.
Back Bay Battery, Inc.
2
 Recharge Cycles: The number of times a battery can be

Chemical Elements Of The Periodic Table With An Atomic...
The element on the periodic table with an atomic number of 3 is an alkali metal. It is a very reactive
element and is used in a large number of ways including but not limited too a popular Nirvana song.
It is believed to have been created in the first minutes of the universe by the big bang. This element,
along with other alakali metals such as sodium and potassium, react drastically with water. Lithium
is the least reactive of them. (bbc.co.uk). Being so reactive to water requires it to be stored in
mineral oil otherwise it would react to the water vapor in the air. This is a soft metal, that has a 0.6
on the Mohs scale (Chemical Elements: From Carbon to Krypton. 2006.)
Lithium in its pure form as stated is very reactive making it have to be extracted from other things
because it does not occur on its own naturally in nature. The element is extracted from brine pools,
in the United States, Nevada is the leading producer of the pure form of Lithium (Chemical
Elements: From Carbon to Krypton. 2006.) Other than brine pools, the element occurs in salt water
and is found in the earths crust at 65 ppm (newworldencyclopedia.com). The brine water is pumped
into pool where it sits out in the sun until it evaporates. After the water has evaporated, salts form
the brine remains. These salts, which consist of lithium, potassium, and sodium are then separated
from each other to get the pure form of the elements that are needed.
Lithium in its pure form, do to its

Are Electric Cars Better Than Gas Cars?
Kyle O'Loughlin
Wisconsin Indianhead Technical Collage
I always hear how electric cars are cleaner than gas–powered car, but is that true. I asked myself Are
Electric Cars Better Than Gas Cars? Then I sat down are started to think about the two types of cars.
How are electric and gas cars made? How are the resources for the electric batteries gathered and
how is oil for gas cars gathered? How much energy do electric and gas cars need to run, what does it
cost? How is the energy for the electric and gas car made? Lastly, Are the energy sources for the
electric and gas car environmentally friendly? In my report I will cover every question I ask myself
about electric ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The average electric car takes 34 kWh to travel 100 miles (The AFDC, 2016). That is 2.94 miles per
kWh. That is not a lot of mile per kWh in my option, but I was wrong. The national average cost for
electricity in the U.S. is about 11.7 cents per kWh (Idaho Nationel Laboratory, 2016). That makes
the miles per kWh 3.98 cents per mile. That is very good mile to price ratio. The average gas power
car in the United States gets 25.5 miles per gallon in May, 2015 (Naughton).that is the miles per
gallon I get with my car right now. The price of Gas is at $2.17 per gallon nation average in
December of 2016 (AAA). That is 8 and half cents per mile. That is astonishing on me that it cost
less than half as much to go a mile in an electric car that a gas powered one. I did not expect the
electric car to be cheaper then gas cars per mile. It really opens my eye to why people would like
driving this car around, except for the battery problems. The cost for a new battery for an electric
can cost from $9,000 to $18,000 (Motavalli, 2012). That happens roughly around 35,000 miles. You
save around $1,582 in miles by this time if you own an electric car. Let's just put the price of a new
battery in the middle $13,500. You saved $1,582 that puts you in the hole $11,918 that a lot of
money. That would pay for my entire tuition and book at Wisconsin Indianhead Technical School for
two years.

Tesla Is An Automobile Car Company Of The 21st Century Essay
Tesla is an auto car company of the 21st century founded by Elon Musk, Martin Eberhard, JB
Straubel and Ian Wright. The company also manufactures power walls and battery charging
equipment. Tesla is well known for the production of its first sports car Tesla Roadster coupled with
two other cars Tesla Model S and the current Tesla Model X. Elon Musk is the face of the company
and has driven the company through odds building confidence among its shareholders and
customers (Marcovici, 2013, p 45). The company's' shares are often overpriced, thanks to loyal
customers and investors of Tesla. Musk's vision of the company is to mass–produce electric vehicles
at a low cost and capture the American market. Consumer behavior towards the electric vehicles has
been negative in the US but Elon bets on the near future where the central focus will be on clean
energy. He emphasized that the company is more inclined towards environmental impact other than
just an automobile car company (Kallen, 2016, p 23). Tesla 3 is the dream car for Elon and Tesla,
which its prototype was unveiled recently, and production looks to start in 2017. The car will be the
cheapest that the company has produced at almost a third the previous price of Model X. The move
exposes huge risks to the business both financial and future risks. The potential risks that Tesla will
face with Tesla Model 3 introduction include: Strained financial impact– Tesla 3 will be worth
$35,000, a third the price of the previous cars

Lithium Ion Batteries Are Made From Lithium
Lithium–ion batteries are made from lithium; hence the name. Since lithium is an unstable metal,
lithium ions must be made through chemicals. Lithium is used because it is the lightest metal with
the highest electrochemical potential. Inside these batteries are a positive electrode called the
cathode, an anode or the negative electrode and lithium ions. Theses lithium ions move from the
negative electrode to the positive when it's being used and vice versa when it's being charged. For
the electrodes not to be combined, there is a separator in between the negative and positive
electrodes. Another type of battery is a alkaline batteries, which is made out zinc and manganese
dioxide. Alkaline batteries works like other batteries. There is a negative electrode, zinc powder, a
positive electrode, manganese dioxide, an electrolyte, potassium hydroxide, a separator, and a brass
pin. Once the electrolytes are added, a chemical reaction happens when the manganese dioxide
oxidizes and allows the zinc and manganese dioxide to combine to form electricity in the battery.
Zinc carbon batteries is another type of battery that is made of carbon and zinc. This battery works
when the carbon rod, cathode, in the center collects electrons from the anode, shell of the battery
that consists of zinc chloride, part of the battery, which creates a circuit. An electrolyte paste made
from ammonium chloride surrounds a piece a paper that keeps the electrons moving and causes the
battery to produce

Tesla Motors : An American Automaker And Energy Company Essay
Introduction
Tesla Motors is an american automaker and energy company founded by Elon Musk, Martin
Eberhard, Marc tarpenning, JB Straubel, and Ian Wright with the idea that electric cars are better
than gasoline vehicles. The company designs, manufactures, and sells electric cars and electric
vehicle powertrain components to other automotive companies such as Daimler and Toyota (Tesla,
2013). Tesla is stationed in Palo Alto and has wholly–owned subsidiaries in North America, Europe
and Asia. It has 31 retail locations and service shops spread worldwide, and more stores are
expected to be opened in the future (tesla, 2013). Tesla's goal is to maintain profitability and offer
high performance high–end electric vehicles for the average consumer. offer an efficient alternative
to gasoline fueled vehicles .Tesla gained initial attention with the launch of the first zero emission
electric sports car, the Tesla Roadster in 2008. For the company 's second vehicle, Tesla developed a
zero emission luxury electric powered sedan the Model S. Tesla designs, develops, and
manufactures lithium–ion battery packs, electric motors, and components for its own vehicles and
some competitors like Daimler and Toyota.
Product Line
Tesla gained initial attention with the launch of the first zero emssion electric sports car, the Tesla
Roadster in 2008. The car's battery powertrain was designed and made in–house at Tesla's
production factory in California and the body and chassis were co–designed

What Are The Other In-Development Technology
2.10 Other in–development technologies Conventional electric double–layer capacitors are being
worked to achieve the energy density of lithium ion batteries, offering almost unlimited life spans
and no environmental issues. High–K electric double–layer capacitors, such as EEStor's EESU,
could improve lithium ion energy density several times over if they can be produced. Lithium–
sulphur batteries offer 250 Wh/kg.[84] Sodium–ion batteries promise 400 Wh/kg with only minimal
expansion/contraction during charge/discharge and a very high surface area. Researchers from one
of the Ukrainian state universities claim that they have manufactured samples of pseudo capacitor
based on Li–ion intercalation process with 318 Wh/kg specific energy, which ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The agency also announced it has developed interim guidance to increase awareness and identify
appropriate safety measures regarding electric vehicles for the emergency response community, law
enforcement officers, tow truck operators, storage facilities and consumers. 2.12 Advantages and
disadvantages of EVs Environmental EVs release no tail pipe air pollutants at the place where they
are operated. They also typically generate less noise pollution than an internal combustion engine
vehicle, whether at rest or in motion. The energy that electric and hybrid cars consume is usually
generated by means that have environmental impacts. Nevertheless, adaptation of EVs would have a
significant net environmental benefit, except in a few countries that continue to rely on older coal
fired power plants for the bulk of their electricity generation throughout the life of the car. There are
special kinds of electric vehicles named SAFA TEMPO in Nepal that help lower the pollution
created by vehicles. These vehicles are powered by electricity – usually charged batteries – rather
than oil or gas and currently heavily promoted by the government to facilitate environmental and
vehicle management issues. Electric motors don't require oxygen, unlike internal combustion
engines; this is useful for submarines and for space rovers. Mechanical Electric motors are
mechanically very simple and often achieve 90%

Business Structure And Potential Legal Issues
Business Structure and Potential Legal issues Ownership Structure Our company will be known as
"Life Saving Charger Pty Ltd" The starting of the company will have 4 group of Director members
in a partnership which will do initial investment. Partners will share risk and responsibility it will
make easier for us to raise finance .All the shareholders will equal share in profit or loss. And the
disadvantages for partnership structure is every individual is personally liable for debt and the
authorities are divided so sometimes have a problem to take decision. To set up company there are
few things that needed to done is Selection of company name Choosing the logo and registration of
the company The partnership will need ABN and its ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Customers Dissatisfaction As our product will be itself new in the market we need to focus more on
the customer satisfaction. If our clients are not happy with the product they can file legal document
against our product. This may harm the brand name of the company and individual as well. So to be
protective we will arrange and online help to use our product and instruction manual so it will be
friendly user for our customers and also phone lines will be set for customer support. Terminating
the Partnership We can arrive to situation where one partner wants to leave the partnership firm
there are few situation which can occur If partnership is created for fixed time once the time is over
partnership dissolves If partner deceased their family members will get their share after 6 months. If
partnership is engaged in unlawful activities the fir will be dissolved There won't be transferability
of partnership. If partnership is made for specific term, then after the intention is attained
partnership can breaks up. Legal document will be signed by very partner and if company faces loss
each partner is liable. OWNERS The company will have 4 Group of Directors The New York Times
said it best: "Life is becoming increasingly mobile ... if only the batteries lasted long enough." That
is why Energy Harvesters created the Walking Charger to give people the ability to Charge Mobile
Electronics Batteries Anytime, Anywhere™. Walter Rozairo

Sony And Its Effects On The World Essay
I. INTRODUCTION
In 2006, Sony; the second largest manufacturer of laptop batteries in the world was in the headlines
as major laptop manufacturing companies such as Apple, Dell, Compaq, and Lenovo were forced to
recall their products containing the faulty batteries manufactured by Sony, due to safety concerns.
[1], [2], [3], [4]
A. Saftey Concerns
"Between December of 2005 and August of 2006 there were six fires in Dell laptop computers,
including one that burst into flames at a conference in Osaka." [1] This incident was caught on tape
and viewed worldwide, prompting Dell to recall "4.2 million laptop batters on August 14, 2016" [1],
with this number rising later in the year to almost 10 million.
Apple also recalled some "1.8 million batteries on August 24, 2006 [after] nine reports of batteries
overheating including two incidents of minor burns." [1] Companies such as Fujitsu, Lenovo and
Toshiba also reported incidents similar to the previously mentioned and undertook similar measures.
[1]
II. BACKGROUND
A. Lithium–Ion Batteries
A Lithium–ion battery is a "battery where the negative electrode (anode) and positive electrode
(cathode) materials serve as a host for the lithium ion (Li+). Lithium ions move from the anode to
the cathode during discharge and are intercalated into (inserted into voids in the crystallographic
structure of) the cathode. The ions reverse direction during charging." [2]
In a lithium–ion cell, alternating layers of anode and cathode are separated

The Future Challenges Of Energy Storage Technology...
Administrative Summary
Proposal Working Title: The future challenges in energy storage technology Rechargeable battery.
Proposal summary:
Impact Statement:
Project Description:
The future challenges in energy storage technology Rechargeable Battery.
Introduction
Background
Li–ion rechargeable battery
Energy is the lifeblood of modern society, but the major energy supplies are fossil–fuel generation,
which leads to air–pollution and environmental issues. Then, there is an increasing need to develop
renewable energy to balance the demand and supply. Electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles
will be the effective method to decrease fossil–fuel usage and rechargeable batteries are one of the
main strategies to power these vehicles. [tarascon] Figure1. Schematic illustration of the first Li–ion
battery [123123]
Rechargeable battery is one of the electrochemical energy storage technologies, which can be
charged and discharged into a load and recharged many times. Compare to disposable batteries the
rechargeable batteries have higher initially cost, but they have a much lower total cost of ownership
and environmental impact since they can be recharged inexpensively many times before replaced
[wiki]. Therefore, rechargeable battery has a potential in commercial field. The three main targets
for rechargeable batteries are portable electronics, power

Manufacturing Of Lithium Ion Batteries Essay
Globally, 78% of mobile phone users have a smartphone (Close–Up Media, Inc, "Deloitte Report:
Mobile Consumers Check Phones over 80 Billion Times a Day Globally."). Lithium ion batteries,
which were introduced by Sony in the early 1990s, are the most common battery to be used in
smartphones and other mobile devices due to their high levels of efficiency, their lightweight design,
and their ability to be recharged (Hock, "Power Up"). As a result of worldwide demand for lithium
ion batteries, mobile technology producers, such as Microsoft and Apple, are dependent on the
acquisition of cobalt–a key element in the manufacturing of lithium ion batteries–at the lowest price
possible. In their quest for low prices, these companies purchase cobalt from cobalt producers that
mine in impoverished areas which lack workplace regulations that ensure safety and fair treatment
of laborers. One of the preeminent cobalt suppliers in the world is a Chinese company named
Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt, and this firm receives a vast amount of cobalt from a Congo–based
subsidiary called Congo DongFang International Mining. A majority of the world's cobalt, 60%, is
mined in the Congo (Frankel, "This Is Where Your Smartphone Battery Begins.").
One need not look far to see the ethical implications of obtaining cobalt from these Congolese
mines. Many worldwide organizations, for example Amnesty International, have criticized the
practices of these mines. Viewing this issue from the Kantian lens, once can

Ideo
MEMORANDUM
TO: Dennis Boyle, Senior Project Leader and Studio Manager
SUBJECT: Visor product, Handspring
Executive Summary
Handspring, the client, is asking IDEO to design Visor product in approximately 10 months. The
design needs to be fully compatible and less expensive version of Palm V, development of which
took two years. Such short development time would require IDEO to compromise on its proven
development process and sacrifice the emphasis on innovation. Further more, Visor needs to be
superior to Palm V with an ability to allow adding new functionality easily. Handspring is also
making assumptions about the audience of Visor and audience's price as well as feature preferences,
primarily due to its consideration of Visor as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(refer exhibit B:TWOS analysis) Exhibit A: 4 C's Analysis
From a product management perspective, we decided to look at the 4C's: Category, Competition,
Customer, and Context.
Category: Handheld devices are clearly in aggressive growth stage. Products in this category are
likely to face some competitive pressure. However since the category itself is growing, Handspring
can grab market–share without head–on competition with current players. This opportunity may not
be present once the Category reaches maturity stage. Hence, it may be a bad idea to delay the
product launch, for designing an ideal product. Handspring will be better served by putting a
functional product early on than, ideal product much later.
It can be argued that handheld devices market is on the Chasm stage, as explained by Gordon Moore
. Handspring's plug–in–modules can be an innovative feature which can accelerate adoption of
handheld devices by masses. However, the currently proposed feature may not significant enough to
be a disruptive innovation. IDEO's time tested development process may help Handspring to
develop a truly innovative product. By reducing the product development time, Handspring will be
loosing many of the benefits bought on by IDEO.
Competition:
Palm V with its 350USD price and sleek Lithium battery is aiming for

Nt1310 Unit 9 Final Lab Report
3.4 LITHIUM NICKEL MANGANESE OXIDE or LNM (LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 ):
The Lithium Nickel Manganese oxide battery is still in its experimental stages. It consists of a 25%
nickel substituted in a LiMn2O4 spinel. This is because Manganese will have 4 electrons in its
valence shell which will avoid the Jahn–Teller distortion caused due to the Mn3+. Due to the
oxidation or reduction of Nickel ions which leads to the transfer of electrons which corresponds to
electric current. LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 takes shape in two conceivable crystallographic structures
concurring the cationic sub lattice: the face–focused spinel (S.G. Fd3m) named as "cluttered spinel"
furthermore, the straightforward cubic stage (S.G. P4332) named as "requested spinel". This
addition allows ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The doping iron increases the capacity of batteries, but this diminishes with extensive cycling. The
detrimental effect of iron can be avoided by annealing. Ruthenium is another transition metal which
can be used as a dopant which enhances the stability of the crystal structure. It also increases
conductivity and improve performance of the battery. Chromium is another transition metal that can
be used as a dopant. It reduces the ordering of lithium ions in LiMn2O4 spinel and this stabilizes the
spinel structure. It also increases capacity retention during cycling. Zinc is used as a dopant in
cathode materials as it has a stabilizing effect on the crystal structure. Addition of Zinc oxide also
prevents reaction between the electrode and electrolyte. Titanium along with cobalt also acts as a
stabilizer and also reduces dissolution of electrodes. Zirconium reduces reactivity levels between the
electrode and the electrolyte and performs the same function as titanium by stabilizing the crystal
structure. Aluminium is one of the most commonly used dopants in cathode materials. It performs
the function of increasing capacity of the electrodes. The addition of aluminium improves electrode
kinetics, structural modifications and microstructural effects. Some of the other dopants include
Magnesium and Lathanum which increases the lattice parameter and improves the stability of the
crystal structure and also

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Electric Cars
Recently, I gave a research proposal, the main topic of which was the conservation of natural
resources by the introduction of automobiles running not on fossil fuels, but on electricity. My
research will deal with the advantages and working of all–electric vehicles in detail and will justify
how they are a lot beneficial and how they play a great role in reducing the consumption of natural
resources and pollution. One source I am considering for my research is an article titled "Building
Better Batteries for Electric Cars" by Jim Witkin which was published in "The New York Times" on
March 30, 2011. However, I have yet to evaluate the sources and verify that it is credible enough to
be used in my research.
Author's Credentials The author of the article, Jim Witkin ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
It merely discusses about one aspect of electric cars: The battery. Unfortunately, it does not discuss
the advantages of all–electric cars in much detail. Therefore, other sources might also be considered
during my research, which fully explain the advantages and disadvantages of all–electric cars.
Writing Style The author uses easy–to–understand vocabulary. Moreover, he clearly explains the
mechanism and working. Moreover, he also explains some technological aspects by citing the
quotations of various experts. For example:– Compared with the nickel–metal hydride battery used
in the Toyota Prius, for example, a lithium–ion battery of the same weight and volume would
increase energy density two to three times, said Dr. Srinivasan. Due to his easy–to–interpret
vocabulary, his article gains credibility in my research.
Conclusion
It can be concluded that source is credible, because of an experienced author, a well–known
newspaper, recent publishing date and the writing style. But I may also have to consider other
sources mainly because it does not explain all my

Tesla 's Model Of Technology
Scientist and engineers believed that current technology was not advanced enough to produce a
lithium–ion battery powered car. That technology was still years away from developing a functional
and cost efficient car that could be used regularly in a person's everyday life. Tesla motors is
challenging this notion and have already made huge strides in advancing lithium–ion technology.
They currently have released a few different models and are on now working on making an
affordable and luxuries car that will produce an alternative to the gasoline powered car. They are not
focusing on hybrid cars but rather on fully powered cars relying solely on electricity for its source of
energy. The technology being used to power and design these ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Compared to other cars that use many gears to be operational, the electric motor for the roadster is
incredibly simple. The motor for this car not only converts electricity into mechanical power but
also serves as a generator. The rotor in the motor is the only moving piece and is used to eliminate
the need for conversion from linear motion to rotational motion. The electric motor allows for
instant torque and the rotational force the motor produces can be accessed the instant the accelerator
is pressed. This is the reason the Roadster can accelerate from 0 to 60 mph in under 4 seconds. The
motor allows for a wide torque band which eliminates the need for gears so only one gear is needed
to go from zero to its fastest speed. From this, the question then arises of how one would reverse.
The design is made simple so all that needs to change is the two phases, essentially eliminating the
need for a reverse gear. The electric motor can produce torque at an extremely efficient rate, but its
innovative feature can be seen when the motor serves as a generator. When the accelerator pedal is
released or when the brakes are applied the "generator mode" ignites which captures energy as the
car is slowed down. This motor does not just magically make this happen; it is done through the use
of the two parts introduced earlier, the rotor and stator.
The majority of all electric motors use the interaction of two magnetic fields in order to produce
torque

The Big Debate Over Time Vehicles
Over time vehicles have become a huge cause of pollution and global warming. As years have
passed by vehicles have been designed to be environmentally friendly. This is only happened for the
vehicles that are everyday vehicles. Most of those vehicles are still not fully efficient due to the
inability of affording a new car. Racing in the biggest thing that is in need of finding a way to limit it
to release less pollution. The big debate over how these rules should not apply due to racing only
lasting for maybe three to four hours. After that then the cars are shut off and are no longer running.
It is believed by the drivers and their teams that this should not affect the environment at all. Since
there is so many cars at once running and traveling at high speeds this does not help that view.
Multiple cars at once will burn up to 20 pounds of carbon dioxide every gallon, and at the end of the
race car has burned up to one hundred and twenty pounds of carbon dioxide. (Layton) Professional
racing should be required to pass under certain laws and regulations. Most of the cars can be highly
contaminant to the environment. Mostly everything that forces the car drive has to deal with
pollution. The fuel that these cars burn is far much worse than the fuel we use in our vehicles. Most
of these cars do not have all of the required parts to be street legal, which means that they should not
be allowed to be driven at all. Overtime drivers have been able to convert their cars to run

Tesla Motors, Inc. Essay
As a young automotive company, Tesla Motors, Inc. exhibits a list of strengths that has made the
company successful with manufacturing and selling of their luxury electric vehicles (Eisler, 2016, p.
35). Tesla Motors, Inc. has a technological advantage in the battery market industry with their
partnership with Panasonic. Panasonic and Tesla collaborated in the development of the Gigafactory,
which "is designed to churn out cells for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) with a combined energy
storage capacity of 35 GWh per year – more than the total energy storage capacity of lithium–ion
batteries produced worldwide in 2013" (Martin, 2014, p. 327). With the large capacity batteries,
Tesla BEV's driving range are incomparable to other competitor's hybrid or electric plug–in
vehicles.
In addition to the company's strengths, Tesla BEVs like the Roadster, Model S, Model X, and soon
Model 3 operate strictly off electricity making these vehicles truly zero–emission because unlike
other automotive competitors. Introducing BEVs was a change to the public that caused a rapid
growth from a technological advancement that generated revenue in 2015 of over $4 billion that
included 48% of sales from the U.S., 9% from Norway, 8% from China, and the remainder from
other countries (Dalvagas, 2016). Tesla developed batteries with a charging capacity up to 300 miles
due to the lack of charging stations (Mangram, 2012, p. 293). The BEVs can be charged from home
instead of relying on a gas

The Coalition Of Airline Pilots Association
6. Uncover how they generate income or benefit from the aviation industry?
¬The Coalition of Airline Pilots Association (CAPA) is a non–profit association. CAPA is a trade
association made up of four member pilot unions that have formed an alliance to join their efforts
and resources to serve and enhance the safety, security, and legislative interests of all professional
flight deck crewmembers and the airline industry as a whole. CAPA's source of income is received
through each of the four member pilot unions that have formed an alliance. Each of these pilot
unions pay a membership fee to CAPA, which come from the union dues, paid by the pilots.
The Airline Pilots Association (ALPA) is a non–profit association. Members of each ALPA ... Show
7. Number of employees, volunteers or members
CAPA is a trade association comprised of over 25,000 professional pilots. Currently, there are
approximately 50 employees working for the association (LinkedIn). The four members of CAPA
are: Allied Pilots Association (APA), Independent Pilots Association (IPA), Teamsters Local 1224,
and Teamsters Local 357. These four members represent the following airlines: American Airlines,
UPS Airlines, Allegiant Air, Atlas Air, ABX Air, Horizon Air, Cape Air, Kalitta Air, Miami Air,
Omni Air, Silver Airways, Southern Air, Republic–Airlines, Chautauqua Airlines and Shuttle
America. CAPA is also represented by a number of pilot volunteers however the exact number is not
disclosed by the organization.
ALPA represents and advocates for more than 52,000 pilots at 31 U.S. and Canadian airlines. This
makes ALPA the worlds largest pilot union. ALPA has roughly 500 employees working for the
association at this time. ALPA claims that their aeronautic engineers and safety and security experts
"provide unparalleled independent analysis on emerging airline safety and security issues, as well as
federal and industrial policies" (ALPA). On top of this the association is often granted "interested
party" status in most of the major airline accidents. This means that ALPA's very own accident
investigators assist both the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and the Transportation
Safety Board of Canada during

Tesla Motors, Inc.
Tesla is an American automotive and energy Storage Company that not only manufactures and
design EV'S but also manufactures electric powertrain components and battery products.
The company believes that after a century of invention of internal combustion engine, automobile
manufacturers face a wide challenge in the industry. The gasoline fuelled car has created
environmental issues and forces the nation to import more oil from foreign nation's thus selling fuel
at volatile prices to the consumers. Thus undertaking the above problems company started
manufacturing electric powered vehicles that has same specifications compared to a gasoline
powered engine.
1.1 History:
The topic we have chosen for assignment is Tesla motors, Inc. an ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Its first luxurious sedan model S, a zero emission and sustainable luxury was launched in mid–2012.
The company third model, model X was then launched in end 2014. Thus it can be said that tesla is
the only company in the market till now which manufactures a zero emission sports car.
1.2 Mission and vision:
Tesla's mission statement
To accelerate the advent of sustainable transport by bringing compelling mass market electric cars to
market as soon as possible.
The company's goal is to completely change the internal combustion engine from gasoline powered
vehicles to electric powered vehicles with increasingly affordable electric cars. The company's CEO,
Elon Musk says were are catalysing change in the industry. The tesla vehicles and the EV's powered
by tesla are fun to drive and are environment friendly thus by producing zero emissions.
To make the charging stations more convenient for tesla vehicle users, the company aims to build
more charging stations in the future and tries to improve the battery technology so that there is less
electric consumption.
1.3 Company's product:
As stated earlier tesla motors not only designs and manufactures electric powered vehicles but also
supplies electric powertrain components such as lithium ion battery pack components in automotive
sector such as Daimler and Toyota.
The company's first product tesla roadster is the first highway capable and full electric power sports
car

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of A Secondary...
DIGITAL ASSIGNMENT–2
SECONDARY BATTERIES
COURSE NAME: ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
COURSE CODE: CHY1001
SLOT :C1
SUBMITTED BY: K.NITHESH CHANDHER REG.NO:15BCE0710
INTRODUCTION: A Rechargeable cells that converts chemical energy into electrical energy is
called as Secondary cells. It can also be stated as a cell in which cell reaction can be reversed by
passing direct electric current in opposite direction. Thus, a secondary batteries may be used through
a large number of cycles of discharging and charging. Some examples of secondary cells are Lead–
acid , Nickel–cadmium, Nickel–metal hydride, etc..,
SECONDARY BATTERY: As mentioned above, a secondary cell is a type of electric battery which
can be charged ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Negative plate reaction:
Pb(s) + HSO−4(aq) → PbSO4(s) + H+(aq) + 2e−
Positive plate reaction:
PbO2(s) + HSO−4(aq) + 3H+(aq) + 2e− → PbSO4(s) + 2H2O(l)
The total reaction can be written as Pb(s) + PbO2(s) + 2H2SO4(aq) → 2PbSO4(s) + 2H2O(l)
Charge
During charging, the cycle is reversed: the lead sulfate and water are electro–chemically converted
to lead, lead oxide and sulfuric acid by an external electrical charging source.
Ni–Cd CELLS: Nickel cadmium battery ,fairly recently developed ,is a portable rechargeable cell
and its cell voltage is fairly constant. Like a dry cell ,it can be packed in a sealed container. It can be
left for long periods of time without any appreciable deterioration ,since no gases are produced
during discharging .Nickel cadmium battery(Ni–Cd) consists of a cadmium anode and a cathode
composed of a paste of NiO(OH)(s).
CELL REACTION:

At the positive
NiOOH + H20 + e– Ni(OH)2 + OH–
At the negative
Cd + 2OH Cd(OH)2 + 2e–
Overall
2NiOOH + Cd + 2H2O 2Ni(OH)2 + Cd(OH)2

Lithium Batteries And Lithium Ion Batteries
While Lithium based batteries have allowed electronic products to become more portable, current
applications of lithium based batteries are starting to show the limitations of the current technology.
These limitations include aspects such as energy density, charge rate, and the usable lifetime of the
battery. Furthermore, over the past decade safety concerns of lithium ion batteries have become
more and more apparent in both industrial and consumer uses of lithium based batteries.
The push towards electric cars in recent years has resulted in an exponential growth in the demand
for lithium–ion batteries that have a large capacity since a fully electric car is limited by the max
capacity of its battery. According to battery university, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If ignited, these gases can cause enclosed areas to overpressurize, and if unmitigated, this
overpressure can result in an explosion and severe damage to the battery and surrounding equipment
or people.(9)" The risk of this happening increases as battery size increases since if one cell fails in a
way that emits a large amount of heat, it can heat up the surrounding cells to heat up and
subsequently fail. Jason Hughes conducted a teardown of the lithium ion battery in the Tesla Model
S P100D and discovered that the 100 kWh battery contained 8,256 cells, while tesla does have
safety measures in place to prevent the cells from being damaged, a single manufacturing defect in
any of the 8,256 cells could cause a cascading thermal runaway event.
An alternative solution to the limited range of electric vehicles is to offer a large number of publicly
available charging stations for electric vehicles. These charging stations boast a charging rate of 170
miles in 30 minutes, which is much faster than the 4 hours and 56 minutes that a standard wall
connector would take to charge the car to this range as calculated on Tesla's website(12). The
problem with this solution is that while lithium based batteries can be charged quickly through
processes such as tesla 's supercharging, the longevity of the battery can be greatly damaged by
doing so. Fast charging a lithium based battery is most effective then the battery is almost depleted
and the voltage per cell

Electric Cars by Tesla
PAPER FOR INTERNATIONAL MARKETING:
ELECTRIC CARS
BY TESLA MOTORS
Submitted by:
Bruks
BM 236
THE TREND OF THE FUTURE:
ELECTRIC CARS BY TESLA MOTORS
I. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
The concern for the environment has never been bigger than at the turn of the century. The growing
acceptance of global warming, coupled with the growing green marketing galore gave impetus for
the clamor for major auto companies to build a better and more affordable electric car. This plus the
unpredictable oil price spikes and hikes, is intensifying the race to build the ideal car of the future at
a greater height.
The poster child of the independent electric car movement has been Tesla Motors. When the
company ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It would take about 9 days to get the same amount of energy from household electric current.
Fortunately, it takes hours and not days to recharge an electric car, because it's much more efficient.
And you never have to leave home to recharge!
Electric cars are extremely simple. There's no oil to change, no filters, no clutch, no fluids, no crazy
mechanical systems. This makes the electric car so much cheaper to operate because there's hardly
any maintenance, like oil changes and emissions checks, that internal combustion cars require.
Electric car cuts away our dependency on oil as well and frees us from the unpredictable oil price
hikes and spikes that are so common these days.
For the car savvy drivers, electric motors develop their highest torque from zero rpms–meaning fast

(and silent) zero–to–60 acceleration times. This means they snap to life at the touch of the
accelerator. It does 0–60 mph in 3.7 seconds, making electric cars the fastest cars in the world.
Electric cars can be direct drive, so there's no transmission or complex gearbox. Power is applied
smoothly and quietly. Acceleration is effortless.
B. WEAKNESS
Historically, EVs have not been widely adopted because of limited driving range before needing to
be recharged, long recharging times,

Tesla Mission Statement

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