The document defines terrorism and discusses its various types including nationalist, religious, state-sponsored, left-wing, right-wing, and anarchist terrorism. It also examines the motivation of terrorists, the rise of suicide terrorism, how terrorist organizations function, contemporary terrorist tactics, US counterterrorism policy, and predicts higher levels of terrorist violence utilizing new technologies in the future. The core values of honor, courage, and commitment are seen as important for combating terrorism.

1. 1-3-1
Terrorism

2. General Militry Training-Terrorism 1-3-2
Terrorism Is Theatre
As stated by Brian Jenkins - terrorism expert -
terrorist acts are often deliberately spectacular,
designed to rattle and influence a wide
audience, beyond the victims of the violence
itself.

3. 1-3-3
The Terrorism Picture I
• New York City- Jan 24, 1975
• Beirut, Lebanon- Apr 18, 1983
• Beirut, Lebanon- Oct 23, 1983
• Beirut, Lebanon- June 14, 1985
• Ireland- June 23, 1985

4. 1-3-4
The Terrorism Picture II
• Locerbie, Scotland- Dec 21, 1988
• New York City- Feb 26, 1993
• Manila, Philippines- Jan 1995
• Oklahoma City- Apr 19, 1995
• Tokyo, Japan- March 1995

5. 1-3-5
The Terrorism Picture III
• Dharan, Saudi Arabia- June 25,
1996
• Nairobi, Kenya, Dar es Salaam,
Tanzania- Aug 7, 1998
• Canada- Dec 1999
• Aden, Yemen- Oct 12, 2000
• New York City and Arlington,
VA- Sept 11, 2001

6. 1-3-6
Common Terrorist Organizations
• National Liberation
Army
• Palestine Islamic Jihad
• Popular Liberation
Front
• Popular Front for the
Liberation of Palestine
• Revolutionary
People’s Liberation
Party/Front
• Al Queda
• Armed Islamic Group
• Japanese Red Army
• Al-Jihad

7. General Military Training-Terrorism 1-3-7
FBI Definition
. . . the unlawful use of force and violence
against persons or property to intimidate or
coerce a government, the civilian population,
or any segment thereof, in furtherance of
political or social objectives.

8. General Military Training-Terrorism 1-3-8
Department of Defense Definition
. . . the calculated use of violence or threat
of violence to inculcate fear; intended to
coerce or to intimidate governments or
societies in the pursuit of goals that are
generally political, religious, or ideological.

9. General Military Training-Terrorism 1-3-9
State Department Definition
. . . an activity, directed against persons involving
violent acts or acts dangerous to human life which
would be a criminal violation if committed within
the jurisdiction of the U.S.; and is intended to
intimidate or coerce a civilian population; to
influence the policy of a government by
intimidation or coercion; or to affect the conduct of
a government by assassination or kidnapping…to
include the use of certain weapons of mass
destruction.

10. General Military Training-Terrorism 1-3-10
Terrorism is
• A specific type of violence.
• Perpetrated.
• Calculated.
• Motivated by political, religious, or
ideological objectives.
• Intended to produce fear.
• Carried out by subnational groups.

11. General Military Training-Terrorism 1-3-11
United Nations’ Definition
. . . all war crimes will be considered acts of
terrorism, in which case most every
government in the world has committed
terrorism, though few have ever faced justice
or were even disgraced for doing so.

12. General Military Training-Terrorism 1-3-12
Terrorism or Acts of War
“One man’s terrorist is another
man’s freedom fighter.

13. General Military Training-Terrorism 1-3-13
Types of Terrorism
• Nationalist
• Religious
• State-sponsored
• Left-wing
• Right-wing
• Anarchist
• Terrorism can be
either domestic or
international.

14. General Military Training-Terrorism 1-3-14
Nationalist Terrorism
• Seek to form a
separate state for their
own national group,
often by drawing
attention to a fight for
“national liberation”
that they think the
world has ignored.
• Example groups
include Irish
Republican Army,
Palestine Liberation
Organization, Basque
Fatherland and
Liberty, and Kurdistan
Workers’ Party

15. General Military Training-Terrorism 1-3-15
Religious Terrorism
• Seek to use violence to
further what they see
as divinely
commanded
purposes, often
targeting broad
categories of foes in
an attempt to bring
about sweeping
changes.
• Examples include
Osama bin Laden’s al-
Queda
network, Palestinian
Sunni Muslim
organization
Hamas, Lebanese
Shiite group
Hezbollah, and some
American white-
supermacist militias

16. General Military Training-Terrorism 1-3-16
State-Sponsored Terrorism
• Deliberately used by
radical states as
foreign policy tools.
• State Department says
Iran is the primary
state sponsor of
terrorism today.
• Examples include
Hezbollah backed by
Iran, Abu Nibal
Organization backed
by Iraq, Japanese Red
Army that often work
on contracts for Libya

17. General Military Training-Terrorism 1-3-17
Left-Wing Terrorism
• Out to destroy
capitalism and replace
it with a communist or
socialist regime.
• Examples include
Baader-Meinhof
Group (Germany),
Japanese Red Army
(Lebanon), The
Weathermen (America
1970s), and Red
Brigades (Italy)

18. General Military Training-Terrorism 1-3-18
Right-Wing Terrorism
• Seek to do away with
liberal democratic
governments and
create fascist states in
their place.
• Examples include neo-
Nazi or Neofascist
terrorist groups.

19. General Military Training-Terrorism 1-3-19
Anarchist Terrorism
• Revolutionaries seek to
overthrow established
governments launched a
wave of bombing and
assassinated a series of
heads of state.
• Leon Czolgosz, anarchist
who assassinated President
William McKinley in 1901.

20. General Military Training-Terrorism 1-3-20
Domestic Terrorism
• Involves groups or
individuals who are based
and operate entirely within
the United States or its
territories without foreign
direction and whose acts
are directed at elements of
the U.S. Government or
population.
• Examples include
Timothy McVeigh (right-
wing), The World Church
of the Creator (right-
wing), Aryan Nations
(right-wing), Popular
Puerto Rican Army (left-
wing), and Los
Macheteros (left-wing).

21. General Military Training-Terrorism 1-3-21
Special Interest Terrorism
• Involves extremist
special interest groups
who seek to influence
special issues, rather
than effect widespread
political change.
• Examples include Eric
Robert
Rudolph, Army of
God, extremists of
animal rights, pro-
life, environmental, an
d anti-nuclear groups.

22. General Military Training-Terrorism 1-3-22
Three Categories of Motivation
• Rational
• Psychological
• Cultural

23. General Military Training-Terrorism 1-3-23
Suicide Terrorism
• Is not new.
• Has evolved over the
years.
• Has reemerged with a
vengeance.
• Is becoming more
common.

24. General Military Training-Terrorism 1-3-24
The Suicide Terrorist
• Is not necessarily crazy.
• Does not necessarily fit a common profile.
• Can be female.
• Rarely works alone.

25. General Military Training-Terrorism 1-3-25
Terrorist Organization
• Terrorists organize to function in the
environments where they carry out their
acts.
• Terrorist groups that are not supported by a
government usually create a support
structure of sympathizers and people who
have been coerced into helping them.

26. General Military Training-Terrorism 1-3-26
Contemporary Terrorist Actions
• Assassinations
• Bombings
• Arson
• Hostage-taking
• Hijacking
• Kidnapping
• Seizure and occupation
of a building
• Attacks on a facility
• Sabotage
• Perpetration of hoaxes
• Ecological terrorism
• Nuclear, biological, ch
emical weapons and
materials.

27. General Military Training-Terrorism 1-3-27
Combating Terrorism
• Antiterrorism is defensive measures used to
reduce the vulnerability of individuals and
property to terrorist acts, to include limited
response and containment by local military
forces.
• Counterterrorism involves those offensive
measures taken to prevent, deter, and
respond to terrorism.

28. General Military Training-Terrorism 1-3-28
U.S. Counterterrorism Policy
• First, make no concessions to terrorists and
strike no deals.
• Second, bring terrorists to justice for their
crimes.
• Third, isolate and apply pressure on states
that sponsor terrorism to force them to
change their behavior.
• Fourth, bolster the counterterrorism
capabilities of those countries that work with
the U.S. and require assistance.

29. General Military Training-Terrorism 1-3-29
Terrorism in the Future
• Higher than ever levels of violence.
• Although technology aids in the defense
against terrorism, it also provides terrorists
with increased opportunities.
– Ecological disasters
– Chemical weapons
– Weapons of mass destruction

30. General Military Training-Terrorism 1-3-30
The Target May Be You
• As US military personnel you will continue
to be targets for terrorists for the same
reason we have in the past.
• Collectively and individually, we symbolize
US power.

31. General Military Training-Terrorism 1-3-31
Core Values and Terrorism
• Honor
– Stand strong in the face of adversity when
dealing with terrorism and terrorist acts.
• Courage
– Rationally combat any threats or acts of
terrorism.
• Commitment
– Eradicate all terrorism when and where
possible.

32. General Military Training-Terrorism 1-3-32
Summary
• Defined terrorism.
• Types of terrorism.
• Motivation for terrorists.
• Suicide terrorism.
• Terrorist organization.
• Combating terrorism.
• Terrorism in the future.
• Navy Core Values.