International security is evolving from a state-centric view focused on military threats to a broader concept of human security. Human security considers non-military threats like poverty, disease, and environmental degradation that impact individuals. It also examines security across seven sectors - military, political, economic, societal, environmental, personal, and community - with the goal of protecting individuals' freedom from fear and freedom from want. As threats become more complex and involve non-state actors, understanding different frameworks for security and the interplay between traditional state security and human security becomes important.
The document discusses several key guiding documents for humanitarian action and regulation, including UN resolutions, international laws and treaties, and non-binding frameworks and standards. It outlines Resolution 46/182 which established the framework for emergency relief coordination and strengthened humanitarian assistance. It also describes frameworks like the Hyogo Framework for Action, the Code of Conduct, Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, and the Sphere Project which provide standards and principles for humanitarian response, protection of rights, and disaster risk reduction.
[2012 12-04 3] - terrorism definition and typeCarlos Oliveira
The document discusses definitions of terrorism and analyzes prevailing definitions. It notes that an agreed upon international definition is lacking due to various perspectives and complexities. Existing definitions are seen as vague, biased and based on self-interests. They also fail to distinguish between terrorism and legitimate freedom struggles. The document proposes that a comprehensive discussion under the UN is needed to develop a definition that is not influenced by self-interests and differentiates terrorism from freedom fighting and guerrilla warfare. It also outlines various types of terrorism like religious and nationalist terrorism that exist due to factors like globalization and social injustice.
The protection of civilians within un pso oct 14ferry arifin
This document provides an introduction to protection of civilians (POC) training for UN peacekeepers. It outlines key learning objectives around explaining the importance of POC, describing threats to civilians, and identifying legal obligations. It also summarizes different approaches to protection, threats faced by civilians, actors responsible for protection, and consequences of failing to protect civilians. The document aims to equip peacekeepers with knowledge on POC mandates, authorities, and prohibitions to guide their conduct in operations.
This document discusses terrorism, including definitions, types, causes, methods, and prevention. It defines terrorism as the unlawful use of violence or threats to intimidate for political goals. The types discussed are national, international, state, bio, cyber, eco, nuclear, and narco terrorism. Causes mentioned include injustice, politicians, poverty, illiteracy, media influence, and religion. Methods listed are firearms, explosives, chemicals, biology, and nuclear weapons. Prevention is broken down into primary (education), secondary (surveillance, protection) and tertiary (early detection, rescue, support) levels.
There is no universally agreed upon definition of terrorism. It is a contested concept that depends on political and legal perspectives. Terrorism involves the unlawful use of violence and intimidation for political, religious, or ideological aims. It can be classified as either state terrorism, which is undertaken by or on behalf of governments, or non-state terrorism committed by non-state actors. The causes of terrorism are often related to nationalism, seeking independence through violence; politics, opposing oppressive governments; religion, especially religious extremism; and other factors like poverty, deprivation, and discrimination.
The document discusses Responsibility to Protect (R2P), which is a principle aimed at protecting vulnerable populations from war crimes, ethnic cleansing, crimes against humanity, and genocide. R2P has three key elements: (1) when a country fails to protect its people, the international community has a responsibility to protect and take collective action; (2) R2P was invoked in Libya in 2011 due to escalating violence between government and rebel forces; (3) there is debate around how R2P was applied in Libya, with arguments both for and against the NATO intervention.
The Live Seminar examined the legal instruments and policy tools available to protect the environment in situations of armed conflict. Against the backdrop of the release of a United Nations Environment Programme report, this Seminar addressed the following questions:
* How are notions such as “widespread,” “long-term,” and “severe” damage to the environment defined in international humanitarian law and international criminal law?
* Which mechanisms could best monitor legal infringements pertaining to, and address claims for, environmental damage sustained during armed conflict?
* In what ways, if any, do international and domestic environmental law interact with international humanitarian law during armed conflict?
These questions were examined by looking at the level and types of legal protection afforded to the environment in both international and non-international armed conflicts.
Naz Modirzadeh (Associate Director at the Program on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research) hosted the discussion.
Panelists included:
Dr. Karen Hulme, University of Essex, School of Law
Professor Eric Jensen, Fordham University School of Law
Tara Smith, Irish Center for Human Rights
International security is evolving from a state-centric view focused on military threats to a broader concept of human security. Human security considers non-military threats like poverty, disease, and environmental degradation that impact individuals. It also examines security across seven sectors - military, political, economic, societal, environmental, personal, and community - with the goal of protecting individuals' freedom from fear and freedom from want. As threats become more complex and involve non-state actors, understanding different frameworks for security and the interplay between traditional state security and human security becomes important.
The document discusses several key guiding documents for humanitarian action and regulation, including UN resolutions, international laws and treaties, and non-binding frameworks and standards. It outlines Resolution 46/182 which established the framework for emergency relief coordination and strengthened humanitarian assistance. It also describes frameworks like the Hyogo Framework for Action, the Code of Conduct, Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, and the Sphere Project which provide standards and principles for humanitarian response, protection of rights, and disaster risk reduction.
[2012 12-04 3] - terrorism definition and typeCarlos Oliveira
The document discusses definitions of terrorism and analyzes prevailing definitions. It notes that an agreed upon international definition is lacking due to various perspectives and complexities. Existing definitions are seen as vague, biased and based on self-interests. They also fail to distinguish between terrorism and legitimate freedom struggles. The document proposes that a comprehensive discussion under the UN is needed to develop a definition that is not influenced by self-interests and differentiates terrorism from freedom fighting and guerrilla warfare. It also outlines various types of terrorism like religious and nationalist terrorism that exist due to factors like globalization and social injustice.
The protection of civilians within un pso oct 14ferry arifin
This document provides an introduction to protection of civilians (POC) training for UN peacekeepers. It outlines key learning objectives around explaining the importance of POC, describing threats to civilians, and identifying legal obligations. It also summarizes different approaches to protection, threats faced by civilians, actors responsible for protection, and consequences of failing to protect civilians. The document aims to equip peacekeepers with knowledge on POC mandates, authorities, and prohibitions to guide their conduct in operations.
This document discusses terrorism, including definitions, types, causes, methods, and prevention. It defines terrorism as the unlawful use of violence or threats to intimidate for political goals. The types discussed are national, international, state, bio, cyber, eco, nuclear, and narco terrorism. Causes mentioned include injustice, politicians, poverty, illiteracy, media influence, and religion. Methods listed are firearms, explosives, chemicals, biology, and nuclear weapons. Prevention is broken down into primary (education), secondary (surveillance, protection) and tertiary (early detection, rescue, support) levels.
There is no universally agreed upon definition of terrorism. It is a contested concept that depends on political and legal perspectives. Terrorism involves the unlawful use of violence and intimidation for political, religious, or ideological aims. It can be classified as either state terrorism, which is undertaken by or on behalf of governments, or non-state terrorism committed by non-state actors. The causes of terrorism are often related to nationalism, seeking independence through violence; politics, opposing oppressive governments; religion, especially religious extremism; and other factors like poverty, deprivation, and discrimination.
The document discusses Responsibility to Protect (R2P), which is a principle aimed at protecting vulnerable populations from war crimes, ethnic cleansing, crimes against humanity, and genocide. R2P has three key elements: (1) when a country fails to protect its people, the international community has a responsibility to protect and take collective action; (2) R2P was invoked in Libya in 2011 due to escalating violence between government and rebel forces; (3) there is debate around how R2P was applied in Libya, with arguments both for and against the NATO intervention.
The Live Seminar examined the legal instruments and policy tools available to protect the environment in situations of armed conflict. Against the backdrop of the release of a United Nations Environment Programme report, this Seminar addressed the following questions:
* How are notions such as “widespread,” “long-term,” and “severe” damage to the environment defined in international humanitarian law and international criminal law?
* Which mechanisms could best monitor legal infringements pertaining to, and address claims for, environmental damage sustained during armed conflict?
* In what ways, if any, do international and domestic environmental law interact with international humanitarian law during armed conflict?
These questions were examined by looking at the level and types of legal protection afforded to the environment in both international and non-international armed conflicts.
Naz Modirzadeh (Associate Director at the Program on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research) hosted the discussion.
Panelists included:
Dr. Karen Hulme, University of Essex, School of Law
Professor Eric Jensen, Fordham University School of Law
Tara Smith, Irish Center for Human Rights
Abstract:
The Responsibility to Protect (R2P or RtoP) is a global political commitment which was endorsed by all member states of the United Nations at the 2005 World Summit to prevent genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity The principle of the Responsibility to Protect is based upon the underlying premise that sovereignty entails a responsibility to protect all populations from mass atrocity crimes and human rights violations. The principle is based on a respect for the norms and principles of international law, especially the underlying principles of law relating to sovereignty, peace and security, human rights, and armed conflict. The Responsibility to Protect provides a framework for employing measures that already exist (i.e., mediation, early warning mechanisms, economic sanctions, and chapter VII powers) to prevent atrocity crimes and to protect civilians from their occurrence. The authority to employ the use of force under the framework of the Responsibility to Protect rests solely with United Nations Security Council and is considered a measure of last resort. The United Nations Secretary-General has published annual reports on the Responsibility to Protect since 2009 that expand on the measures available to governments, intergovernmental organizations, and civil society, as well as the private sector, to prevent atrocity crimes. The Responsibility to Protect has been the subject of considerable debate, particularly regarding the implementation of the principle by various actors in the context of country-specific situations, such as Libya, Syria, Sudan and Kenya, for example. It has also been argued that commensurate with the responsibility to protect, international law should also recognize a right for populations to offer militarily organized resistance to protect themselves against genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes on a massive scale.
http://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/about-responsibility-to-protect.html
RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responsibility_to_protect
Responsibility to protect
http://www.globalr2p.org/about_r2p
About R2P
http://www.globalr2p.org/media/files/r2p-backgrounder.pdf
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brookings-now/2013/07/24/what-is-the-responsibility-to-protect/
WHAT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT
http://foreignpolicy.com/2011/10/11/responsibility-to-protect-a-short-history/
Research Interests: Responsibility to Protect and The principle of the Responsibility to Protect
Terrorism is defined as unlawful acts of violence that intimidate governments or societies in order to achieve political, religious, or ideological objectives. It can take many forms including domestic or international groups using weapons like fertilizer bombs or firearms. While terrorism has no single cause, it is often motivated by ethnic cleansing, infrastructure damage, or direct killing of enemies. Governments respond with efforts like surveillance, protection, and education to prevent terrorism through primary and secondary measures.
Intelligence as a set of permanent institutions dates back only to the second half of the nineteenth century. But as information and news - in the dictionary meaning used in English since the middle of the fifteenth century, of 'knowledge as to events, communicated by or obtained from another, especially military' - it has always been collected as part of warfare
For a military, it can mean knowledge of the enemy and can distinguish between to defeat and to lose because information means knowledge and knowledge are power. Analysts see it as a package of information pending for clarification, and policymakers consider they should be informed so that they can meet the needs, stated or understood.
Intelligence gathers under the same umbrella the informational component of national security, internal and external policies, as well as certain aspects of international security in the case of global cross-entities (states, organizations).
This presentation is built up by gathering information from different references (Book, Articles, and Newspapers) by the author.
The document discusses the meaning, causes, and types of terrorism. It provides examples of major terrorist attacks globally and in Pakistan. Some key points discussed include:
- Terrorism involves targeting innocent people to create psychological fear for social, political, or religious aims.
- Causes of terrorism include social and political injustice as well as the belief that violence can be an effective means to an end.
- Examples of major global terrorist attacks given are the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 and the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center in 2001.
- In Pakistan, examples given are the Peshawar school massacre in 2014 that killed over 150 people, including 134
Terrorism involves the use or threat of violence for political purposes. It is committed by non-state actors and targets civilians to achieve political goals through fear and coercion. Key criteria for defining terrorism include the use or threat of violence, targeting of non-combatants, and perpetration for a political, religious, or ideological goal rather than financial gain. Terrorism has global impacts through instilling widespread fear and psychological trauma. It employs various tactics like bombings, shootings, and propaganda to maximize publicity. Responses to terrorism involve increased security measures, military action, intelligence gathering, and criminal law enforcement.
Terrorism is a global concern that advances radical agendas through violent and destructive acts, resulting in death. It causes fear among citizens and damage to economies. The document lists several perceived causes of terrorism, such as unjust policies, cultural differences, and Western imperialism. Effects of terrorism include withdrawal of foreign investment, loss of government revenue, restricted travel, heightened paranoia, and increased military budgets that take away from social services. The document recommends preparedness, information sharing between countries, protecting civilians, fair investigations, and public education campaigns to combat terrorism.
AQA Short Course- RE- Lesson on TerrorismAmjad Ali
This document discusses different responses that countries may take in response to terrorist attacks. It presents 12 options across several categories: military, inward focus, outreach, and tightening security. For each option, it poses questions about the effectiveness and potential unintended consequences of that approach. The options range from using military force like air strikes on training camps to more inward approaches like soul searching to understand motivations, and outreach efforts like community cohesion or negotiating with terrorists. The document aims to have the reader critically analyze each response by considering both benefits and drawbacks.
The document discusses the goals and impacts of terrorism through examples like the September 11 attacks and 2002 Bali bombings. It led to significant loss of life and economic impacts like losses to the insurance and airline industries totaling $40 billion. The attacks also caused social impacts like fear, suspicion, and loss of tourism income in Bali of 50%. The document advocates for unity and vigilance against terrorism through total defense and international cooperation.
The document summarizes the development of UK counterterrorism strategy and legislation since the Northern Ireland conflict. It describes the evolving threat from Islamist terrorism. The UK adopted the CONTEST strategy in 2003 with four pillars (Prevent, Pursue, Protect, Prepare) and established new agencies like JTAC. Legislation expanded police powers and allowed control orders and detention without trial. Critics argue these measures undermine civil liberties and fair trials. Reviews propose modest changes but retain broad imprecise offenses and executive powers based on suspicion rather than evidence.
South Asia faces significant challenges from terrorism. The region is home to over 1.5 billion people and has a history of conflict and disputes between countries. It also has two nuclear powers in India and Pakistan and is strategically important given its location between Central Asia, the Middle East and Southeast Asia. However, it also struggles with poverty, weak governance, and militant groups operating in countries like Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and Bangladesh. Addressing the social and economic factors that contribute to radicalization will be important to reducing the threat of terrorism in South Asia.
Indigenous and transnational terrorism pose threats to security across Asia. Factors like poor governance, corruption, ethnic and religious divisions have led to movements like Maoism in India and Balochi persecution in Pakistan. Additionally, some states support terror groups in other countries as instruments of policy, like Pakistan's support of groups in Kashmir and Afghanistan. Across Southeast, South, and Central Asia, diverse ethnicities, insurgencies, organized crime, and porous borders challenge stability and security. Terrorist groups have used conflict areas as safe havens. Secessionist movements also undermine stability, like in Kashmir and Sri Lanka. The Afghanistan-Pakistan region remains unstable, impacting the whole region. Central Asia faces external pressures
The document discusses several goals and motivations that have been linked to terrorism, including religion, social causes, political achievements, desire for change, gaining attention, and revenge. It argues that while some of these goals like political change may have motivated terrorism in the past, religion is now the primary motivation behind many terrorist attacks. It also contends that using violence and harming innocent people can never be justified as a means to enact change or get revenge.
This document is the outline of a presentation on terrorism given by Shweta Mishra to Prof. Vikas Raval. The outline defines terrorism, discusses common terrorist attack types and motives. It examines causes of terrorism like psychological factors and unemployment. Recent terrorist attacks in India are presented along with their effects and how to prevent terrorism through education, surveillance, and bringing terrorists to justice. Images of past attacks like 26/11 Mumbai and Delhi High Court bombing are shown, and terrorism is concluded to be unlawful but used for political goals throughout history.
Impact of Transnational Terrorism [Notes]Nicholas Teh
Transnational terrorism has significant economic, social, and political impacts. Economically, terrorist attacks impose huge costs on lives and property while damaging industries like airlines and tourism. Socially, terrorist acts threaten racial and religious harmony by creating suspicion and tension among groups. Politically, governments respond by tightening security controls at borders and on travelers, which can infringe on personal freedoms and damage relations with the public.
This document discusses various topics related to terrorism including definitions, types, perpetrators, motives, goals, statistics, and strategic logic. It notes that there is no universally accepted definition of terrorism and outlines different types including domestic, international, religious/apocalyptic, political, social, environmental, and leftist terrorism. The document also examines possible motives such as poverty, regime type, inequality, revenge, lack of education, and religious motivations. Statistics provided include total terrorist attacks by region and country as well as the deadliest attacks. The strategic logic of terrorism discussed is that suicide terrorism, as used by the LTTE, can be an effective tactic for achieving independence through the withdrawal of military forces from land.
The legality of airstrikes against Syria Explorelaw
Conflict of war is one of the main topics in public international law. In my third year of my LLB law degree I researched on the topic humanitarian intervention specifically focusing on the legality of airstrikes against Syria. This helped me to get good grades in Public International law. This presentation makes it easier for law students to understand certain important concepts and legal terminologies of humanitarian intervention.
Giulianno Bozzo Moncada National commission-on-terrorism-report-counting-the-...GiulianoBo45
This document summarizes how the international terrorism threat has changed in recent decades. It notes that while state sponsorship of terrorism has declined, loose transnational terrorist networks have emerged that are motivated by religious or ideological beliefs and seek mass casualties. These networks are difficult to track and disrupt due to their reliance on global funding and support systems. The document warns that terrorists may increasingly seek weapons of mass destruction and the ability to launch catastrophic attacks.
International intellectual property law and human securitySpringer
This document discusses the evolving concept of security from focusing solely on state security to encompassing individual/human security and human rights. It examines different approaches to conceptualizing human security, including as a development and rights-based framework. Key aspects of human security discussed include protecting fundamental freedoms and dignity, addressing both rights violations and deprivations, and taking an integrated approach to reducing threats beyond any single issue. The document also analyzes debates around defining human security and balancing expansiveness with policy usefulness.
The Responsibility to Protect Doctrine Expectations and Realityijtsrd
Protection of citizens from violence and aggression is one of the basic responsibilities of a sovereign country. But sometimes states fail to comply with this responsibility. The Responsibility to Protect R2P is a commitment which was adopted by the members of United Nations UN in 2005. This doctrine aims at addressing four types of crimes genocide, ethnic cleansing, war crimes and crimes against humanity. The R2P was adopted with a lot of expectations but the performance of the R2P has faced criticisms over the years. Mahfujur Rahman | Md. Saifullah Akon "The Responsibility to Protect Doctrine: Expectations and Reality" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30314.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/30314/the-responsibility-to-protect-doctrine-expectations-and-reality/mahfujur-rahman
This document provides a presentation on terrorism given by Roly Singh and Farhin Siddiqui at the Laxmi Institute of Computer Application on October 11, 2011. The presentation defines terrorism, discusses the most common terrorist attack types and motives. It also covers the major types of terrorism, causes of terrorism, effects of terrorism, terrorist units and cells. The presentation examines where terrorism is going, recent attacks in India, prevention of terrorism, and concludes by stating that terrorism has a long history of being used to achieve political, religious, and ideological objectives.
Human Rights Defenders Under Threat: A Shrinking Space For Civil SocietyAmnesty India
When the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was drafted after the atrocities of World War II, 70
years ago, the atmosphere was very different from today. Then, there was a spirit of solidarity with and
support for the principles of freedom, justice and peace for all the members of the human family,1 which
underpinned the UDHR. In today’s world these principles are being eroded.
Abstract:
The Responsibility to Protect (R2P or RtoP) is a global political commitment which was endorsed by all member states of the United Nations at the 2005 World Summit to prevent genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity The principle of the Responsibility to Protect is based upon the underlying premise that sovereignty entails a responsibility to protect all populations from mass atrocity crimes and human rights violations. The principle is based on a respect for the norms and principles of international law, especially the underlying principles of law relating to sovereignty, peace and security, human rights, and armed conflict. The Responsibility to Protect provides a framework for employing measures that already exist (i.e., mediation, early warning mechanisms, economic sanctions, and chapter VII powers) to prevent atrocity crimes and to protect civilians from their occurrence. The authority to employ the use of force under the framework of the Responsibility to Protect rests solely with United Nations Security Council and is considered a measure of last resort. The United Nations Secretary-General has published annual reports on the Responsibility to Protect since 2009 that expand on the measures available to governments, intergovernmental organizations, and civil society, as well as the private sector, to prevent atrocity crimes. The Responsibility to Protect has been the subject of considerable debate, particularly regarding the implementation of the principle by various actors in the context of country-specific situations, such as Libya, Syria, Sudan and Kenya, for example. It has also been argued that commensurate with the responsibility to protect, international law should also recognize a right for populations to offer militarily organized resistance to protect themselves against genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes on a massive scale.
http://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/about-responsibility-to-protect.html
RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responsibility_to_protect
Responsibility to protect
http://www.globalr2p.org/about_r2p
About R2P
http://www.globalr2p.org/media/files/r2p-backgrounder.pdf
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brookings-now/2013/07/24/what-is-the-responsibility-to-protect/
WHAT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT
http://foreignpolicy.com/2011/10/11/responsibility-to-protect-a-short-history/
Research Interests: Responsibility to Protect and The principle of the Responsibility to Protect
Terrorism is defined as unlawful acts of violence that intimidate governments or societies in order to achieve political, religious, or ideological objectives. It can take many forms including domestic or international groups using weapons like fertilizer bombs or firearms. While terrorism has no single cause, it is often motivated by ethnic cleansing, infrastructure damage, or direct killing of enemies. Governments respond with efforts like surveillance, protection, and education to prevent terrorism through primary and secondary measures.
Intelligence as a set of permanent institutions dates back only to the second half of the nineteenth century. But as information and news - in the dictionary meaning used in English since the middle of the fifteenth century, of 'knowledge as to events, communicated by or obtained from another, especially military' - it has always been collected as part of warfare
For a military, it can mean knowledge of the enemy and can distinguish between to defeat and to lose because information means knowledge and knowledge are power. Analysts see it as a package of information pending for clarification, and policymakers consider they should be informed so that they can meet the needs, stated or understood.
Intelligence gathers under the same umbrella the informational component of national security, internal and external policies, as well as certain aspects of international security in the case of global cross-entities (states, organizations).
This presentation is built up by gathering information from different references (Book, Articles, and Newspapers) by the author.
The document discusses the meaning, causes, and types of terrorism. It provides examples of major terrorist attacks globally and in Pakistan. Some key points discussed include:
- Terrorism involves targeting innocent people to create psychological fear for social, political, or religious aims.
- Causes of terrorism include social and political injustice as well as the belief that violence can be an effective means to an end.
- Examples of major global terrorist attacks given are the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 and the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center in 2001.
- In Pakistan, examples given are the Peshawar school massacre in 2014 that killed over 150 people, including 134
Terrorism involves the use or threat of violence for political purposes. It is committed by non-state actors and targets civilians to achieve political goals through fear and coercion. Key criteria for defining terrorism include the use or threat of violence, targeting of non-combatants, and perpetration for a political, religious, or ideological goal rather than financial gain. Terrorism has global impacts through instilling widespread fear and psychological trauma. It employs various tactics like bombings, shootings, and propaganda to maximize publicity. Responses to terrorism involve increased security measures, military action, intelligence gathering, and criminal law enforcement.
Terrorism is a global concern that advances radical agendas through violent and destructive acts, resulting in death. It causes fear among citizens and damage to economies. The document lists several perceived causes of terrorism, such as unjust policies, cultural differences, and Western imperialism. Effects of terrorism include withdrawal of foreign investment, loss of government revenue, restricted travel, heightened paranoia, and increased military budgets that take away from social services. The document recommends preparedness, information sharing between countries, protecting civilians, fair investigations, and public education campaigns to combat terrorism.
AQA Short Course- RE- Lesson on TerrorismAmjad Ali
This document discusses different responses that countries may take in response to terrorist attacks. It presents 12 options across several categories: military, inward focus, outreach, and tightening security. For each option, it poses questions about the effectiveness and potential unintended consequences of that approach. The options range from using military force like air strikes on training camps to more inward approaches like soul searching to understand motivations, and outreach efforts like community cohesion or negotiating with terrorists. The document aims to have the reader critically analyze each response by considering both benefits and drawbacks.
The document discusses the goals and impacts of terrorism through examples like the September 11 attacks and 2002 Bali bombings. It led to significant loss of life and economic impacts like losses to the insurance and airline industries totaling $40 billion. The attacks also caused social impacts like fear, suspicion, and loss of tourism income in Bali of 50%. The document advocates for unity and vigilance against terrorism through total defense and international cooperation.
The document summarizes the development of UK counterterrorism strategy and legislation since the Northern Ireland conflict. It describes the evolving threat from Islamist terrorism. The UK adopted the CONTEST strategy in 2003 with four pillars (Prevent, Pursue, Protect, Prepare) and established new agencies like JTAC. Legislation expanded police powers and allowed control orders and detention without trial. Critics argue these measures undermine civil liberties and fair trials. Reviews propose modest changes but retain broad imprecise offenses and executive powers based on suspicion rather than evidence.
South Asia faces significant challenges from terrorism. The region is home to over 1.5 billion people and has a history of conflict and disputes between countries. It also has two nuclear powers in India and Pakistan and is strategically important given its location between Central Asia, the Middle East and Southeast Asia. However, it also struggles with poverty, weak governance, and militant groups operating in countries like Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and Bangladesh. Addressing the social and economic factors that contribute to radicalization will be important to reducing the threat of terrorism in South Asia.
Indigenous and transnational terrorism pose threats to security across Asia. Factors like poor governance, corruption, ethnic and religious divisions have led to movements like Maoism in India and Balochi persecution in Pakistan. Additionally, some states support terror groups in other countries as instruments of policy, like Pakistan's support of groups in Kashmir and Afghanistan. Across Southeast, South, and Central Asia, diverse ethnicities, insurgencies, organized crime, and porous borders challenge stability and security. Terrorist groups have used conflict areas as safe havens. Secessionist movements also undermine stability, like in Kashmir and Sri Lanka. The Afghanistan-Pakistan region remains unstable, impacting the whole region. Central Asia faces external pressures
The document discusses several goals and motivations that have been linked to terrorism, including religion, social causes, political achievements, desire for change, gaining attention, and revenge. It argues that while some of these goals like political change may have motivated terrorism in the past, religion is now the primary motivation behind many terrorist attacks. It also contends that using violence and harming innocent people can never be justified as a means to enact change or get revenge.
This document is the outline of a presentation on terrorism given by Shweta Mishra to Prof. Vikas Raval. The outline defines terrorism, discusses common terrorist attack types and motives. It examines causes of terrorism like psychological factors and unemployment. Recent terrorist attacks in India are presented along with their effects and how to prevent terrorism through education, surveillance, and bringing terrorists to justice. Images of past attacks like 26/11 Mumbai and Delhi High Court bombing are shown, and terrorism is concluded to be unlawful but used for political goals throughout history.
Impact of Transnational Terrorism [Notes]Nicholas Teh
Transnational terrorism has significant economic, social, and political impacts. Economically, terrorist attacks impose huge costs on lives and property while damaging industries like airlines and tourism. Socially, terrorist acts threaten racial and religious harmony by creating suspicion and tension among groups. Politically, governments respond by tightening security controls at borders and on travelers, which can infringe on personal freedoms and damage relations with the public.
This document discusses various topics related to terrorism including definitions, types, perpetrators, motives, goals, statistics, and strategic logic. It notes that there is no universally accepted definition of terrorism and outlines different types including domestic, international, religious/apocalyptic, political, social, environmental, and leftist terrorism. The document also examines possible motives such as poverty, regime type, inequality, revenge, lack of education, and religious motivations. Statistics provided include total terrorist attacks by region and country as well as the deadliest attacks. The strategic logic of terrorism discussed is that suicide terrorism, as used by the LTTE, can be an effective tactic for achieving independence through the withdrawal of military forces from land.
The legality of airstrikes against Syria Explorelaw
Conflict of war is one of the main topics in public international law. In my third year of my LLB law degree I researched on the topic humanitarian intervention specifically focusing on the legality of airstrikes against Syria. This helped me to get good grades in Public International law. This presentation makes it easier for law students to understand certain important concepts and legal terminologies of humanitarian intervention.
Giulianno Bozzo Moncada National commission-on-terrorism-report-counting-the-...GiulianoBo45
This document summarizes how the international terrorism threat has changed in recent decades. It notes that while state sponsorship of terrorism has declined, loose transnational terrorist networks have emerged that are motivated by religious or ideological beliefs and seek mass casualties. These networks are difficult to track and disrupt due to their reliance on global funding and support systems. The document warns that terrorists may increasingly seek weapons of mass destruction and the ability to launch catastrophic attacks.
International intellectual property law and human securitySpringer
This document discusses the evolving concept of security from focusing solely on state security to encompassing individual/human security and human rights. It examines different approaches to conceptualizing human security, including as a development and rights-based framework. Key aspects of human security discussed include protecting fundamental freedoms and dignity, addressing both rights violations and deprivations, and taking an integrated approach to reducing threats beyond any single issue. The document also analyzes debates around defining human security and balancing expansiveness with policy usefulness.
The Responsibility to Protect Doctrine Expectations and Realityijtsrd
Protection of citizens from violence and aggression is one of the basic responsibilities of a sovereign country. But sometimes states fail to comply with this responsibility. The Responsibility to Protect R2P is a commitment which was adopted by the members of United Nations UN in 2005. This doctrine aims at addressing four types of crimes genocide, ethnic cleansing, war crimes and crimes against humanity. The R2P was adopted with a lot of expectations but the performance of the R2P has faced criticisms over the years. Mahfujur Rahman | Md. Saifullah Akon "The Responsibility to Protect Doctrine: Expectations and Reality" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30314.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/30314/the-responsibility-to-protect-doctrine-expectations-and-reality/mahfujur-rahman
This document provides a presentation on terrorism given by Roly Singh and Farhin Siddiqui at the Laxmi Institute of Computer Application on October 11, 2011. The presentation defines terrorism, discusses the most common terrorist attack types and motives. It also covers the major types of terrorism, causes of terrorism, effects of terrorism, terrorist units and cells. The presentation examines where terrorism is going, recent attacks in India, prevention of terrorism, and concludes by stating that terrorism has a long history of being used to achieve political, religious, and ideological objectives.
Human Rights Defenders Under Threat: A Shrinking Space For Civil SocietyAmnesty India
When the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was drafted after the atrocities of World War II, 70
years ago, the atmosphere was very different from today. Then, there was a spirit of solidarity with and
support for the principles of freedom, justice and peace for all the members of the human family,1 which
underpinned the UDHR. In today’s world these principles are being eroded.
Human rights defenders face personal attacks such as killings, enforced disappearances, persecution through prosecution, stigmatization, trolling, and reprisals for their work defending human rights. In 2016 alone, 281 human rights defenders were killed according to one NGO, with over half of those killings occurring in the Americas and targeting those working on land, environmental, and indigenous rights. Perpetrators of attacks on human rights defenders often enjoy impunity, failing to be prosecuted and instead emboldening further threats and violence. Families seeking justice for killings also face dangers, with many cases remaining unresolved and the truth unknown about the deaths of defenders.
Counter Terrorism and the Protection of Human Rights in the Perspective of th...paperpublications3
Abstract: In lay man’s language, terrorism is the spread of terror through the use of guns, bombs, chemical weapons or any other form of violent, coercive, ambush. Counter Terrorism, on the other hand, is to retaliate and put a check to it is what we know and address terrorism. At the UN level, the international community has adopted a number of international treaties that are designed to combat specific types of terrorism, such as the hijacking of aircrafts. However, till date there has been no agreement on a definition of terrorism. The recent attempt by the UN to define terrorism in UN General Assembly Report (28 January - 1 February) has been criticized for its lack of precision.
This research paper is an attempt to investigate the
phenomenon of global terrorism and its threats to the security of the state. The study clarifies the concept of terrorism
and it its definition, then the categories of terrorism. Next,
it shows how terrorism became a global phenomenon
through the historical overview of international terrorism
and the theories explaining it and its current situation. The
causes of international terrorism are economic causes,
social causes, religious causes, political causes, and other
causes.
The document discusses various topics related to weapons of mass destruction including terrorism, chemical weapons, biological weapons, and nuclear weapons. It provides definitions and classifications of terrorism, describes some major terrorist attacks, and explains the different types of weapons of mass destruction including how they work and historical uses. The document also discusses treaties like the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty which aims to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and allow peaceful use of nuclear technology.
Counter Terrorism and the Protection of Human Rights in the Perspective of th...paperpublications3
Abstract: In lay man’s language, terrorism is the spread of terror through the use of guns, bombs, chemical weapons or any other form of violent, coercive, ambush. Counter Terrorism, on the other hand, is to retaliate and put a check to it is what we know and address terrorism. At the UN level, the international community has adopted a number of international treaties that are designed to combat specific types of terrorism, such as the hijacking of aircrafts. However, till date there has been no agreement on a definition of terrorism. The recent attempt by the UN to define terrorism in UN General Assembly Report (28 January - 1 February) has been criticized for its lack of precision.
Counter Terrorism and the Protection of Human Rights in the Perspective of th...paperpublications3
Abstract: In lay man’s language, terrorism is the spread of terror through the use of guns, bombs, chemical weapons or any other form of violent, coercive, ambush. Counter Terrorism, on the other hand, is to retaliate and put a check to it is what we know and address terrorism. At the UN level, the international community has adopted a number of international treaties that are designed to combat specific types of terrorism, such as the hijacking of aircrafts. However, till date there has been no agreement on a definition of terrorism. The recent attempt by the UN to define terrorism in UN General Assembly Report (28 January - 1 February) has been criticized for its lack of precision.
This document discusses the role of media in terrorism. It begins by defining terrorism and outlining its history. It then examines how terrorists now exploit technology and media to advance their causes. Terrorists utilize communication devices like cell phones and laptops to plan attacks more easily. They also leverage the internet and software to develop and execute their plans. The document argues that modern technology has amplified the threats and horrors of terrorism, and that terrorists misuse engineering fields like electronics and biotechnology to create havoc in the world.
The Security Council is one of the principal organs of the United Nations, charged with maintaining international peace and security. It has 15 members, including 5 permanent members with veto power. Under its charter, the Security Council can authorize sanctions or military action to address threats to peace. It has used sanctions against groups like al-Qaeda and the Taliban to pressure compliance without force. However, sanctions can negatively impact civilians and third countries, so the Security Council now aims for more targeted measures with humanitarian exceptions.
Terrorism is defined as the unlawful use of violence against people or property to intimidate or coerce a government for political or social goals. It is a tactic that has been used throughout history to make a point through instilling fear psychologically. There are different types of terrorist groups and motives, and terrorism can involve the use of explosives, firearms, or biological, chemical, and nuclear materials to carry out attacks. While terrorism poses risks, preventing it involves reducing root causes like cultural misunderstandings, promoting human rights, and establishing surveillance and protective systems.
Terrorism is defined as the unlawful use of violence against people or property to intimidate or coerce a government for political or social goals. It is a tactic that has been used throughout history to make a point through instilling fear psychologically. There are different types of terrorist groups and motives, and terrorism can involve the use of explosives, firearms, or biological, chemical, and nuclear materials to carry out attacks. While terrorism poses risks, preventing it involves reducing root causes like cultural misunderstandings, promoting human rights, and establishing surveillance and protective systems.
Humanitarianism & War on Terror
INR 3403| Jessy Abouarab
The first use in English of the term 'terrorism' occurred during the French Revolution's Reign of Terror, when the Jacobins, who ruled the revolutionary state, employed violence, including mass executions by guillotine, to compel obedience to the state and intimidate regime enemies.
The association of the term only with state violence and intimidation lasted until the mid-19th century, That’s when it began to be associated with non-governmental groups
What is Terrorism?
The use of terror is not a new phenomenon,
a means to achieve political ends
but as we know it has recently acquired a new intensity.
In many cases, terrorists deliberately choose targets as a means of pressurizing governments of the state against certain actions. So its usually a political message.
2
anarchism
Anarchism, often in league with rising nationalism and anti-monarchism, was the most prominent ideology linked with terrorism.
Near the end of the 19th century, anarchist groups or individuals committed assassinations of a Russian Tsar and contestably a U.S. President.
In the 20th century terrorism continued to be associated with a vast array of anarchist, socialist, fascist and nationalist groups, many of them engaged in 'third world' anti-colonial struggles.
Insert a picture illustrating a season in your country.
3
What changed on September the 11th?
On 9/11, America..
Realized that al Qaeda was more than a criminal threat and enterprise.
That the network of Al Qaeda and the Taliban posed a dangerous threat and amassed a capability to attack the US on its own soil.
That counter-terrorism and anti-terrorism efforts required a comprehensive use of all US resources – it was not a law enforcement problem alone.
The Global war on Terrorism
The United States, its allies, and the world recognized that the threat posed by al Qaeda, the acts perpetrated against the US, were acts of war…
NATO invoked Article V of the treaty; the collective defense provision.
ANZUS collective defense provisions invoked.
OAS offers assistance..
Rio Treaty
On October 7 – the United States uses military force against those who attacked it.
A coalition of more than 40 countries joined the US in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF).
OEF remains active as elements of the Taliban and al Qaeda network attempt to destroy the Karzai government and attack US forces in Afghanistan.
problems identified with terrorism
Definition:
How widely should the offence be defined?
What do they mean by Political Message
Are the motives and intentions behind the attack relevant?
What is the Relationship between terrorism and Use of force by state?
What is the Relationship between terrorism and Human rights?
Insert a picture of an animal and or plant found in your country.
The first major concern is that of definition.
how widely should the offence be defined?
for instance should attacks against property as well as attacks upon perso ...
Comprehensive Terrorism in International, National and Local .pptxJmAmpilan
This document provides an in-depth analysis of comprehensive international and local terrorism. It begins with definitions of terrorism from the UN and discusses the historical context and evolution of terrorism. It then covers the global impact of terrorism, including economic and human costs. The document also examines counter-terrorism strategies from international, legal, preventive, intelligence, and military perspectives. Specific attention is given to the Philippines' counter-terrorism efforts in addressing national security threats.
The document discusses the concept of human security. It defines human security as protecting individuals rather than states from threats, and focuses on protection, provision, and empowerment. The UNDP's 1994 Human Development Report originated the concept and defined seven areas of human security: economic, food, health, environmental, personal, community, and political security. There are two schools of thought on human security - freedom from want, which takes a holistic development approach, and freedom from fear, which focuses on protecting individuals from violence. The document also discusses critiques of human security, promoting human security through organizations and policies, and the relationship between human security and gender.
The document defines and discusses terrorism. It begins by defining terrorism as violent acts intended to create fear for political, religious or ideological goals. It notes terrorism can be perpetrated by both state and non-state actors. The document then discusses characteristics of terrorism such as being against the state/community and aiming to intimidate. It provides examples of types of terrorism and discusses terrorism issues historically in India related to separatist groups. The document concludes by discussing causes of terrorism and methods of prevention.
Globalization has allowed terrorism to exist on a global level due to increased technology and interconnectivity. While there is no agreed-upon definition, terrorism generally involves the use or threat of violence against civilians to achieve political goals. Globalization has aided terrorism through expanded air travel, televised news coverage, and access to more dangerous weapons. It has also contributed to cultural, economic, and religious explanations for terrorism. Technologies associated with globalization have improved terrorists' abilities to coordinate attacks, maintain security, gain mobility, and conduct more lethal operations. International efforts aim to curb terrorism through collaboration, but challenges remain around identification, bureaucratic defects, and addressing radicalizing messages.
Terrorism is defined as scourage that takes innocent lives, threatens values of humanity, human rights and freedoms and impedes development and the world progress
Boko Haram is a local terrorist group in Nigeria that has adopted insurgency tactics. Their formal name translates to "People Committed to the Propagation of the Prophet's Teachings and Jihad." They were nicknamed "Boko Haram" meaning "western education is forbidden." In 2013, the US designated them a terrorist organization due to fears they had developed links with other militant groups like al-Qaeda. A global campaign was launched for the release of kidnapped Chibok girls. They consider education an enemy to their ideology and represent concepts like non-international armed conflict and insurgency under international law.
The document discusses terrorism from several perspectives:
1) It provides definitions of terrorism focusing on the unlawful use of force against people or property to intimidate or coerce for political or social goals.
2) It examines different types of terrorist groups including domestic, national, and international and some of their motivations like ethnic cleansing or undermining government confidence.
3) It analyzes government responses to terrorism and how emergency services must be prepared to think creatively to respond to different terrorist weapons and incidents involving explosives, arson, nuclear, biological or chemical agents.
Safeguarding Against Financial Crime: AML Compliance Regulations DemystifiedPROF. PAUL ALLIEU KAMARA
To ensure the integrity of financial systems and combat illicit financial activities, understanding AML (Anti-Money Laundering) compliance regulations is crucial for financial institutions and businesses. AML compliance regulations are designed to prevent money laundering and the financing of terrorist activities by imposing specific requirements on financial institutions, including customer due diligence, monitoring, and reporting of suspicious activities (GitHub Docs).
The Future of Criminal Defense Lawyer in India.pdfveteranlegal
https://veteranlegal.in/defense-lawyer-in-india/ | Criminal defense Lawyer in India has always been a vital aspect of the country's legal system. As defenders of justice, criminal Defense Lawyer play a critical role in ensuring that individuals accused of crimes receive a fair trial and that their constitutional rights are protected. As India evolves socially, economically, and technologically, the role and future of criminal Defense Lawyer are also undergoing significant changes. This comprehensive blog explores the current landscape, challenges, technological advancements, and prospects for criminal Defense Lawyer in India.
Receivership and liquidation Accounts
Being a Paper Presented at Business Recovery and Insolvency Practitioners Association of Nigeria (BRIPAN) on Friday, August 18, 2023.
Integrating Advocacy and Legal Tactics to Tackle Online Consumer Complaintsseoglobal20
Our company bridges the gap between registered users and experienced advocates, offering a user-friendly online platform for seamless interaction. This platform empowers users to voice their grievances, particularly regarding online consumer issues. We streamline support by utilizing our team of expert advocates to provide consultancy services and initiate appropriate legal actions.
Our Online Consumer Legal Forum offers comprehensive guidance to individuals and businesses facing consumer complaints. With a dedicated team, round-the-clock support, and efficient complaint management, we are the preferred solution for addressing consumer grievances.
Our intuitive online interface allows individuals to register complaints, seek legal advice, and pursue justice conveniently. Users can submit complaints via mobile devices and send legal notices to companies directly through our portal.
Corporate Governance : Scope and Legal Frameworkdevaki57
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
MEANING
Corporate Governance refers to the way in which companies are governed and to what purpose. It identifies who has power and accountability, and who makes decisions. It is, in essence, a toolkit that enables management and the board to deal more effectively with the challenges of running a company.
Pedal to the Court Understanding Your Rights after a Cycling Collision.pdfSunsetWestLegalGroup
The immediate step is an intelligent choice; don’t procrastinate. In the aftermath of the crash, taking care of yourself and taking quick steps can help you protect yourself from significant injuries. Make sure that you have collected the essential data and information.
सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने यह भी माना था कि मजिस्ट्रेट का यह कर्तव्य है कि वह सुनिश्चित करे कि अधिकारी पीएमएलए के तहत निर्धारित प्रक्रिया के साथ-साथ संवैधानिक सुरक्षा उपायों का भी उचित रूप से पालन करें।
Sangyun Lee, 'Why Korea's Merger Control Occasionally Fails: A Public Choice ...Sangyun Lee
Presentation slides for a session held on June 4, 2024, at Kyoto University. This presentation is based on the presenter’s recent paper, coauthored with Hwang Lee, Professor, Korea University, with the same title, published in the Journal of Business Administration & Law, Volume 34, No. 2 (April 2024). The paper, written in Korean, is available at <https://shorturl.at/GCWcI>.