terrorism

2. Introduction
Terrorism is a term that is seen in the news very regularly. It is a broad term and
encompasses a wide variety of events and concepts. Terrorism affects the world deeply
and India, particularly, has been a victim of various terror acts perpetrated by different
groups.
Terrorism comes from the Latin terrere, which means “frighten” or “tremble.” When
coupled with the French suffix isme (referencing “to practice”) it becomes akin to
“practicing the trembling” or “causing the frightening.

3. Definition
 Terrorism is not an ideology like communism or capitalism. Rather, terrorism is a tactic – a strategy used to
achieve a specific end.
 Terrorism is defined as the unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the
pursuit of political aims.
 Walter Laqueur: - “Terrorism is the use or the threat of the use of violence, a method of combat, or a
strategy to achieve certain targets… it aims to induce a state of fear in the victim, that is ruthless and does
not conform with humanitarian rules… Publicity is an essential factor in the terrorist strategy”
 U.S. Department of Defense : terrorism refers to “the calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of
unlawful violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the
pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological.”

4. Types of Terrorism
Civil Disorder - A form of collective violence interfering with the peace, security, and
normal functioning of the community.
Political Terrorism - Violent criminal behavior designed primarily to generate fear in the
community, or substantial segment of it, for political purposes.
Non-Political Terrorism - Terrorism that is not aimed at political purposes but which
exhibits conscious design to create and maintain a high degree of fear for coercive purposes,
but the end is individual or collective gain rather than the achievement of a political objective.

5. Quasi Terrorism - The activities incidental to the commission of crimes of violence that are
similar in form and method to genuine terrorism but which nevertheless lack its essential
ingredient. It is not the main purpose of the quasi- terrorists to induce Terror in the immediate
victim as in the case of genuine terrorism, but the quasi-terrorist uses the Modalities and
techniques of the genuine terrorist and Produces similar consequences and reaction. For
example, the fleeing felon who takes hostages is a quasi-terrorist, w hose methods are similar
to those of the genuine terrorist but whose purposes are quite different.
Limited Political Terrorism - Genuine political terrorism is characterized by a
revolutionary approach; limited political terrorism refers to “acts of terrorism which are
committed for ideological or political motives but which are not part of a concerted campaign to
capture control of the state.

6. State Terrorism - referring to nations whose rule is based upon fear and oppression that
reach similar to terrorism or such proportions.” It may also be referred to as Structural Terrorism
defined broadly as terrorist acts carried out by governments in pursuit of political objectives,
often as part of their foreign policy.

7. Causes of Terrorism
Social and political injustice - People choose terrorism when they are trying to right
what they perceive to be a social or political or historical wrong—when they have been stripped
of their land or rights, or denied these. For instant, the Irish Republican Army (IRA) bombed
English target in the 1980s to make the point that they felt their land was colonized by British
imperialists.
 The belief that violence or its threat will be effective - Another way of saying
this is: the belief that violent means justify the ends. Many terrorists in history said sincerely that
they choose violence after long deliberation, because they felt they had no choice.

8.  Religious - perhaps the most commonly held belief today is that terrorism is caused by
religion. Though it is not the main cause for terrorism, religion does play a significant role in
driving some forms of it. Many terrorist get wrong understanding in religion. Since 1980, there
has been an increase in terrorist activity motivated by religion.
 Illiteracy - Lack of education amongst the people has been put forward as a prime reason of
terrorism. Uneducated person are easy to be persuaded to commit the crime because they have
no high ability of thinking. Many terrorists believe crazy things; they're more likely to do crazy
things.
Injustice - Injustice is a cause of terrorism. People get offended and hurt by the justice
system that they choose to resort to acts of violence in order to protest the on- going injustice.
There is no cure to fixing the justice system to ensure that everyone is happy, but injustice is a
cause of terrorism.

9. Goal of Terrorism
▰ Produce widespread fear.
▰ Obtain worldwide, national or local recognition.
▰ Harass, weaken or embarrass security forces.
▰ Steal or extort money and equipment.
▰ Destroy facilities or disrupt lines of communication.
▰ Discourage foreign investments, tourism or assistance programs.
▰ Influence government decisions, legislation or other critical decisions
▰ Free prisoners.
▰ Satisfy vengeance

10. Impact of Terrorism
Economic impact - we can see that every terrorism event always killed the innocent
people, destroyed public properties, and individual properties. The large amount of money has
been used to repair the loss of infrastructures. The investigators are afraid to do the business
because they worry about safety. Government spending on security has also increased.
Society impact - Terrorism poses a serious law and order problem and leads to
disintegration of society. The incident of murder, torture, mutilation, kidnapping, arson and
extortion create atmosphere of suspicion, fear and panic all around. Life becomes uncertain.
The terrorists kill unarmed civilians including women and children.

11. Politic impact - In general, terrorism makes world politics more complicated and difficult.
This is because terrorism can cause very important problems even though terrorist groups are
not clearly linked to states. The presence of non-state actors who can have a real impact on the
world makes world politics more difficult.

12. Solutions
Education - Education is a primary solution to terrorism. The government should educate the
people to understand the differences in culture, religion, belief, and human behaviors. All people
should think of the peace, freedom and equality of all human beings, not just “their group of
people
Eliminate the root of terrorism - The way this world is attacking terrorism is funny.
Every country is doing something to kill terrorism, but they still cannot eliminate all terrorist.
They can kill some terrorists today, but they cannot kill the other terrorist tomorrow or after
tomorrow. They should try to find the root of terrorism, and they have to eliminate it. Black
money is the main root cause of terrorism because terrorists can do nothing without money, so
the government should find who support the terrorist.

13. Understand about terrorists - the solution is to find out the problem why a terrorist
doesn't feel guilty and why he was forced to be a terrorist. It may be some injustice done to him.
Hatred spreads hatred only. It may be conquered by love only.

17. Conclusion
It is really difficult to fight terrorism. Motive of terrorists is always different and hard to
understand. One must first of all deal with the roots of terrorism. Terrorism is the one of the most
important threats that we will face in this modern world.