Terrorism, one of the most widely discussed issues of the present time, remains as one of the least understood aspect. It exudes horror and fascinations, their shocking and unexpected character has captured headlines for years; It has become the most publicized form of political violence. But the serious study of terrorism still remains in its infancy and widely divergent views continue to prevail-with regard to its origins, its true impact on international politics and the forms it may assume in future.
Terrorism, one of the most widely discussed issues of the present time, remains as one of the least understood aspect. It exudes horror and fascinations, their shocking and unexpected character has captured headlines for years; It has become the most publicized form of political violence. But the serious study of terrorism still remains in its infancy and widely divergent views continue to prevail-with regard to its origins, its true impact on international politics and the forms it may assume in future.
Terrorism is an historical as well as a universal phenomenon; has been practiced by every type of organisation, religious or non-religious, right-wing or left-wing.Consequently, the reasons for the terrorist activity and the identity of those who carry out these acts are always subject to the context, time and place.Unfortunately, there is no consensus on its accurate definition. More than one hundred definitions in the field; one country’s terrorists are other country’s freedom fighters. Rather than seeking the causes of terrorism itself, a better approach is to determine the conditions that make terror possible or likely.Stopping violence is rarely simple or easy. Only time and commitment by a majority of the parties involved can resolve a conflict. Keeping in view the multidimensional nature of terrorism, we must adopt a long term holistic and comprehensive approach for its eradication.
This presentation is an attempt to encompass the various issues related to this complex phemenon and presents a plan of action to control this menace
Terrorism in the present time one of biggest problem across the globe. Some state directly or indirectly support the terrorist organisation. In this ppt we discuss reason, type, leading activities of terrorist organisation. This will be helpful for those person who wants to detail knowledge about the terrorist.
Its detailed presentation on the topic"TERRORISM".
Spacialy helpful for Pakistani students because it have a detailed information about terrorism in Pakistan
Its updated in december 2016 and have detail till 2015
Terrorism is an historical as well as a universal phenomenon; has been practiced by every type of organisation, religious or non-religious, right-wing or left-wing.Consequently, the reasons for the terrorist activity and the identity of those who carry out these acts are always subject to the context, time and place.Unfortunately, there is no consensus on its accurate definition. More than one hundred definitions in the field; one country’s terrorists are other country’s freedom fighters. Rather than seeking the causes of terrorism itself, a better approach is to determine the conditions that make terror possible or likely.Stopping violence is rarely simple or easy. Only time and commitment by a majority of the parties involved can resolve a conflict. Keeping in view the multidimensional nature of terrorism, we must adopt a long term holistic and comprehensive approach for its eradication.
This presentation is an attempt to encompass the various issues related to this complex phemenon and presents a plan of action to control this menace
Terrorism in the present time one of biggest problem across the globe. Some state directly or indirectly support the terrorist organisation. In this ppt we discuss reason, type, leading activities of terrorist organisation. This will be helpful for those person who wants to detail knowledge about the terrorist.
Its detailed presentation on the topic"TERRORISM".
Spacialy helpful for Pakistani students because it have a detailed information about terrorism in Pakistan
Its updated in december 2016 and have detail till 2015
Hello Friends,
This PPT is all about terrorism and its roots, causes, effects and effective solution for stopping it. This information is for projects done by students at school.
Thanks for reading!
Class project on modern slavery
If you are interested in seeing the other presentations done by my students visit our class blog
www.cristianaziraldo.altervista.org
The effect of war-time censorship on historical sources regarding the North Strand Bombing in 1941. A talk by Kevin O'Connor at the North Strand Bombing and the Emergency in Ireland seminar held at Dublin City Library & Archive on Saturday, 29th May 2010.
https://northstrandbombing.ie/
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Chapter 5 Global TerrorismNONSTATE ADVERSARIES, FUNDAMENTALIST.docxbissacr
Chapter 5 Global Terrorism
NONSTATE ADVERSARIES, FUNDAMENTALIST RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM, AND WEAPONS ARE THREE FORCES OF GLOBAL TERRORISM, ALL REPRESENTED BY TALIBAN FIGHTERS IN AFGHANISTAN.
Learning Objectives
1. 5.1Recognize that terrorism is a contentious issue that becomes hopelessly muddled by political and military considerations
2. 5.2Review the factors that are conducive to terrorism
3. 5.3Identify the goals, strategies, and weapons of terrorism
4. 5.4Identify the sources of funds that are used for financing terrorism
5. 5.5Review how terrorism adversely affects individuals, nations, and other groups
6. 5.6Summarize five kinds of terrorism
7. 5.7Examine the different ways of combating terrorism
8. 5.8Analyze the fundamental question about the balance between fighting terrorism and protecting democracy within the United States
The Boston Marathon bombing in April 2013 and the grisly murder of an off-duty British soldier in public in London in May 2013 that was filmed on mobile phones as the terrorist waited for police demonstrate a further shift away from centralized terrorist organizations to lone wolf terrorism. This kind of terrorism is conducted by self-motivated independent individuals. The attacks in Boston and London show how difficult it is to prevent lone wolf terrorism.
Successful U.S. counterterrorism measures against al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula and in Pakistan, combined with failed democratic transitions in the Middle East and North Africa, have contributed to the shift of global terrorism to Africa. Domestic terrorist groups such as Boko Haram, which means “Western education is sacrilege,” in northern Nigeria, collaborate with al-Qaeda. The Syrian civil war, chaos in Iraq following the U.S. withdrawal, and the disintegration of law and order in Libya have strengthened terrorism, most notably the group called the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), which claimed credit for the November 13, 2015 terrorist massacre in Paris.
The growing use of armed drones for targeted killings of suspected terrorists in Yemen, Pakistan, Somalia, Niger, and elsewhere raises many controversial issues. Drones are effective weapons against terrorists. Even though they kill fewer civilians than alternative methods, the loss of innocent civilian lives undermines their use.
Edward Snowden’s leaking of documents showing extensive spying on Americans as well as people and governments around the world by the National Security Agency (NSA) as part of America’s counterterrorism strategy raised global concerns about the basic right to privacy. It also has far-reaching consequences for U.S. security and foreign policy.
Osama bin Laden, widely viewed as the embodiment of global terrorism, was killed by U.S. Special Forces on May 1, 2011, in Pakistan. Despite this significant development, the war on terrorism continues. Think about how the escalation of global terrorism affects our daily lives. This global problem is now virtually inseparable from pe.
Whittaker and CrottyTerrorism DefinedTerrorism is a di.docxalanfhall8953
Whittaker and Crotty
Terrorism Defined
Terrorism is a difficult concept to define. For example, all individuals who detonate bombs in order to kill and maim innocent civilians are not terrorists. All murderers are not terrorists. Ted Bundy brutally murdered countless human beings. Although his crimes terrorized his victims, their families, the general public, he was a criminal - not a terrorist. The term "terrorism" is a political term. It describes an individual or groups who are using unlawful force or violence, or the threat thereof, to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof in furtherance of political or social objectives.
As Whittaker points out, terrorism can be objectively defined by the quality of the act. We know that all terrorists acts are crimes. However, the murder of individuals in the commission of a bank robbery is a crime, but it may or not be terrorism. If the motive of the Bank Robbery is to enrich the perpetrators, it is a crime. If the motive is to destabilize the nations banking system in order to bring down the government or to provide money to buy weapons to kill or threaten individuals to further some political objective, than it is a crime and an act of terrorism. Terrorism differs from ordinary crimes because its motivation is political.
Stephen Nathanson offers the following definition of Terrorism:
1. They are acts of serious, deliberate violence or destruction.
2. They are committed as part of a campaign to promote a political or social agenda.
3. They generally target limited numbers of people but aim to influence a larger group and/or the leaders who make decisions for the group.
4. They either kill or injure innocent people or pose a serious threat of such harms to innocent people.1
Incidents that have clear international consequences can be defined as international terrorism. For example, attacks on foreign diplomats, foreign nationals, airliners, and infrastructure by individuals from another country or a group that transcends international borders, Al-Queda for example, qualify as acts of international terrorism.
The motivation for terrorism is political. Generally, the direct cause of terrorism is a condition or circumstance that is perceived to be unjust. These issues may be addressed through a peaceful political process including strikes, demonstrations, boycotts, and regime change. However, when peaceful means are not available or fail extremists factions within the group seeking redress may turn to terrorism. For example, in modern states, separatist nationalism among Basques, Bretons, and Quebecois has motivated terrorism.
A dissatisfied minority or majority is not sufficient to cause terrorism. There are other necessary ingredients. There must be a perception of a lack of opportunity for political participation, and a final catalyst. The catalyst can be Government's use of extraordinary or unexpected force to quell peaceful attempts for redress or other .
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
4. *
National Terrorism involves
groups whose terrorist
activities are directed at
elements of our government
without foreign involvement.
Mumbai attack in march
1993 is a primary example.
5. International terrorism
involves groups whose
terrorist activities are
foreign-based and/or
directed by countries or
groups outside the United
States.
Sept. 11 is an example of
International Terrorism.
6. OSAMA BIN LADEN :
1998 United States embassy bombings in
August 7, 1998
Killed by U.S. Navy Seals in a compound
in Abbottabad, Pakistan
announced dead May 2, 2011
He was placed on the Most Wanted Terrorists
list for his involvement in the bombings of the
U.S. embassies in Nairobi, Kenya and Dar es
Salaam, Tanzania.
9. 7/11 MUMBAITRAINBLASTS
Location : Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Date : 11 July 2006 , 18:24 – 18:35 (UTC+05:30)
Target : mumbai western line
Attack type : Train Bombings
Weapons : pressure cooker bombs
Deaths : 209
Non fatal injuries : approx. 714
10. 9/11ATTACKS
Location : New York City, New York ,U.S. ; Arlington County, Virginia,
U.S.; Stonycreek Township near Shanksville , Pennsylvania ,U.S.
Date: September 11, 2001; 15 years ago , 8:46 a.m. – 10:28 a.m.
Target: World Trade Center , (AA11 and UA 175) , The Pentagon
(AA77) , White House or U.S. Capitol , (UA 93; failed)
Attacktype: Aircraft hijackings, Suicide attacks , Mass murder ,
Terrorism
Deaths: 2,996 (2,977 victims + 19 hijackers)
Non-fatalinjuries: 6,000+
Perpetrators: al-Qaeda[1] (see also responsibility and hijackers)
No.of participants: 19
11. CAUSES OF TERRORISM
Social and political injustice
The belief that violence or its threat will be effective
Religious
Illiteracy
Injustice
12. CausesOf Terrorism:(contd.)
Social and political injustice:
People choose terrorism when they are trying to
right what they perceive to be a social or political
or historical wrong—when they have been stripped
of their land or rights, or denied these.
For instant, the Irish Republican Army (IRA)
bombed English target in the 1980s to make the
point that they felt their land was colonized by
British imperialists.
13. CausesOf Terrorism:(contd.)
The belief that violence or its threat will be
effective: Another way of saying this is: the
belief that violent means justify the ends. Many
terrorists in history said sincerely that they
choose violence after long deliberation, because
they felt they had no choice.
Religious: perhaps the most commonly held
belief today is that terrorism is caused by
religion. Though it is not the main cause for
terrorism, religion does play a significant role in
driving some forms of it.
14. CausesOf Terrorism:(contd.)
Illiteracy: Lack of education amongst the people has been
put forward as a prime reason of terrorism. Uneducated
person are easy to be persuaded to commit the crime
because they have no high ability of thinking.
Injustice: Injustice is a cause of terrorism. People get offended
and hurt by the justice system that they choose to resort to acts of
violence in order to protest the on-going injustice. There is no
cure to fixing the justice system to ensure that everyone is happy,
but injustice is a cause of terrorism.
16. Impact of Terrorism:
Economic impact:
we can see that every terrorism event always killed the
innocent people, destroyed public properties, and
individual properties.
The large amount of money has been used to repair the
loss of infrastructures.
The investigators are afraid to do the business because
they worry about safety.
Government spending on security has also increased.
For example, September 11 Attacks
Loss of life and property cost insurance companies close to US$40
million
Losses of business to the airline industry as people were afraid of
flying following the incidents.
17. Impact of Terrorism:
Society impact:
Terrorism poses a serious law and order problem
and leads to disintegration of society.
The incident of murder, torture, mutilation,
kidnapping, arson and extortion create atmosphere
of suspicion, fear and panic all around. Life becomes
uncertain.
The terrorists kill unarmed civilians including
women and children.
18. Impact of Terrorism:
Political impact:
In general, terrorism makes world politics more
complicated and difficult.
This is because terrorism can cause very important
problems even though terrorist groups are not
clearly linked to states.
The presence of non-state actors who can have a real
impact on the world makes world politics more
difficult.
19. Prevention of Terrorism
• Education!!!
• Eliminate the root of terrorism
Primary
prevention:
• Establish surveillance and
monitoring system on terrorism
attack
• Improve protective system for
citizens
Secondary
prevention:
• Early detection of the sources
• Prevent the extension of
impairments
• Rescue the survivors
• Console the rest of the population
tertiary
prevention:
20. CONCLUSION
Terrorism is unlawful act
Terrorism has a long history of being
used to achieve political, religious and
ideological objectives
Terrorism can be conducted through
firearms, explosive devices and biological,
chemical, nuclear materials
Even through the events of 2001,the risk
of dying from terrorism has remained
much lower than that from motor
vehicles, smoking, and alcoholic beverage.