This document provides information about airport management and terminal design. It discusses different types of terminal designs including linear, pier, satellite and transporter terminals. It describes the key components and functions of terminal buildings such as access, passenger processing, holding areas, and airline facilities. Specific services and facilities discussed include check-in, immigration, security screening, baggage handling, parking, and public transportation. Technological improvements to improve capacity and efficiency are also outlined. The document is intended to help students understand major concepts in airport and terminal design.

1. FACULTY OF MECHANICAL & MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING
AIRPORT MANAGEMENT(BDU30103)
BACHELOR OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
(PROFESSIONAL PILOTING) WITH HONOURS
LECTURER:
DR. SYARIFUL SYAFIQ BIN SHAMSUDIN
3BDC

2. 1
Learning Outcomes
Students able to: Describe major terminal design concepts.
 Describe about the passenger movement and baggage
handling.
 Explain the public transportation at airport.

3. 2
Topics
1.
Introduction to Terminal Design (Landside)
2. Type of Terminals
3. Principles of Terminal Design
4. Introduction to Landside Technological Improvement
Design to Improve Capacity and Reduce Delay
5. Terminal Facilities and Services
6. Airport Examples

4. Landside
Airside
3

5. 4
landside
Landside areas include parking facilities, public
transportation, terminal building and all utilities that
support the operations of terminals.
All these facilities associated with the movement of
passengers and their baggage.

6. Landside F
acilities
TERMINAL
BUILDING
PASSENGER
MOVEMENT
BAGGAGE
HANDLING
LANDSIDE
PUBLIC
TRANSPORTATION
PARKING
FACILITIES

7. Terminal Building
 Terminal building is the main building where passengers
embark and disembark aircrafts.
 *embark = go onboard an aircraft.
 The terminals are the ‘front door’ to the Airport and serve
as the public interface between the airside and landside
elements.

9. 8
The World's Largest Airport Terminal
 The Hong Kong
International Airport
passenger terminal
building is 1.3 km long and
covers an area of 135.9
acres and is the world's
largest single airport
building.
 It also has 48 aircraft
parking stands with
boarding gates and air
bridges, the terminal has a
capacity of 45 million
passengers a year, arriving
on 460 flights every day.

10. Types
9
Pier/Finger
Compact
Module
Unit
Terminal
Satellite
Linear/Curvilinear
Types
Transporter

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Linear/Curvelinear

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Linear/Curvelinear
 Simplest & Most straight-forward.
 Simple organizational principles.
 Consists of a single passenger processing area.
 Primarily appropriate for low-activity O&P airports.
 Direct relationship between curbside and the aircraft.(Short
walking distances)
 Centralized passenger processing.
 Airport:McNamara Terminal of Detroit Metro Airport

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Pier/Finger

14. Kansai International Airport
13
Pier/Finger
 A/C are parked on both side of a concourse.
 A/C usually arranged around the axis of the pier in a perpendicular.
 Passengers are usually processed at the simple terminal location and
then routed down a "pier" where aircraft are parked in the "finger" slots or
gates for boarding.
 This concept fully separates the passenger processing functions from
the concourse activities.
 Compare to linear, this concept type increases passenger walking
distances from the processing area.
 Compact arrangements of a/c along the pier, allow efficient servicing of
the a/c, thus lowering the operating costs for the airlines.
 Example: Kansai International Airport

15. 14
Satellite
• It is completely surrounded by aircraft.
• Connected to the processing areas of the terminal via
underground, at-grade, or overhead connector.
• Parked in a nose-in arrangement around the satellite.
• Passenger processing is handled in a separate terminal
facility.
• It is work well for heavy-activity airport with O&D and
large percentage of connecting passengers.
• Example:• Orlando International
• Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International
• Denver International
• Chicago O’Hare International

16. 15
Transporter
• It provides a complete separation of passenger
facilities from those required to service and maintain
the aircraft.
• Aircraft and a/c-servicing functions are remotely
located from the terminal.
• Passengers access the a/c via the mobile lounges
that leave from the terminal gates, go directly to
the aircraft.
• The use of buses that drop off the passengers
adjacent to the a/c on the apron.
• Airplane taxiing time to and from the runway is
decreased as well as reduce the amount of aircraft
engine noise around the terminal.
• Example:• Dulles International Airport
• Tampa International Airport

17. 16
Compact Module Unit Terminal

18. 17
Compact Module Unit Terminal
 It is defined by the IATA as 2 or more separate, self-contained building,
each housing a single airline or group of airlines, each having direct
access to ground transportation.
 Example: Kennedy International Airport, NY
 London Heathrow

19. Advantages & Disadvantages
18
No.
Terminal Concept
Advantages
Disadvantages
1.
Pier/Finger



Economical to build
Efficient use of land
Centralized resources, economies of
scale (human,facilities, amenities)



Long walking distances
Limited expansion capability
Reduced aircraft circulation &
manoeuvrability
2.
Linear



Shortest walking distances
Simple construction
Lower baggage systems costs
(conveying/sorting) using
decentralized system

Duplication of terminal
facilities/amenities
Longer walking distances for transfer
pax
Longer minimum connecting time
Centralized resources (human,
facilities and amenities)
Facilitates pax management

3.
Satellite






4.
Transporter




5.
Compact module unit
terminal


Ease of aircraft manoeuvrability
Ease of expansion capability for
aircraft stands
Simple and smaller central terminal
Cost savings


Short walking distances
Simple pax & baggage
transportation/sorting systems within
each module



Requires high technology, underground
transportation system
High capital, maintenance & operating
cost
Increases minimum connecting times
Higher instances of pax delays
High capital, maintenance & operating
costs
Increased minimum connecting times
Multi-compact module units require
pax and bag transfer systems between
terminals
Duplication of facilities, higher
operating costs

20. 19
Main Function of Terminal Airport
Change of Movement Type-From car, train or bus to plane.
Processing (passenger processing space)-Ticket, check-in,
security check.
Provide Passenger Facilities - Shopping, toilets, eating,
meeting & greeting, business & conference.

21. 20
Function of Terminal Airport
 To provide circulation, processing and holding space.
 To operate smoothly.
 To ensure the premium level of service.

22. 21
Parts of Terminal Building
A terminal building could be made for passengers, cargo and for any
other specific purposes. It comprises the basic physical parts as
• Front side of the Terminal
• Visitors Area and Check-in Area
• Shop retails
• Security Hold Area & Baggage Make Up area
• Passengers Meet and Greet area
• Airlines offices, counters for Tour and Travel agencies counters for Taxi
services
• Lounges of Business class or Executive Class passengers

23. 22
Introduction to Landside Technological Improvement
Design to Improve Capacity and Reduce Delay
 Aircraft guidance, surveillance, and control.
 Airport access.
 Airspace use procedures.
 Weather and atmospheric effects.
 Noise control and abatement.
 Airport surface utilization.
 Terminal facilities and services.

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Aircraft guidance, surveillance, and control
 Microwave Landing System
 Improve precision of navigation; make more flexible use of airspace
 Surveillance radar
 Improve surveillance; reduce separation
 Traffic management techniques
 Improve traffic flow
Airport access
 Terminal curbfront design
 Facilitate airport entrance and exit
 Airport circulation roads
 Facilitate automobile traffic flow

25. 24
Airspace use procedures
 Reduced lateral separation for parallel and converging runways
 Increase utilization of multiple runways in IMC
 Reduced longitudinal separation
 Reduce in-trail separation
 Separate short runways for small aircraft
 Segregate air traffic by size and speed
Weather and atmospheric effects
 Wake vortex detection
 Reduce in-trail separation
 Wind shear detection
 Alert pilots to wind shear

26. 25
Noise control and abatement
 Control of aircraft noise
 Reduce aircraft noise
 Aircraft operating procedures
 Lessen or distribute noise impacts
Airport surface utilization
 Surveillance and control
 Improve surveillance, control, and guidance of aircraft on ground
 High-speed turnoffs and improved taxiways
 Reduce runway occupancy time
 Taxiway marking and lighting
 Increase efficiency of taxiway use
 Apron and gate facilities
 Improve docking at gate; improve aircraft maintenance and servicing

27. 26
Terminal facilities and services
 Terminal building design
 Increase utility and efficiency of terminal building
 Passenger movers
 Improve circulation in terminal; reduce walking distance
 Ticketing
 Expedite ticket purchase and passenger check-in
 Baggage handling
 Expedite baggage check-in, transfer, and pickup
 Passenger security screening
 Make screening faster and more reliable
 Federal Inspection Service
 Expedite customs and immigration clearance

28. 27
Facilities required at Terminal Building
 Access and Landside Interface.
 Processing.
 Holding Areas.
 Airlines and Support Activities.

29. 28
Access and Landside Interface
 To ease the transfer of passenger flows.
 The facilities include :
 Curbside loading and unloading.
 Curbside baggage check-in where this is permitted.
 Shuttle services to parking lots and other terminal.
 Loading and unloading areas for car, buses, taxis, limousines and rapid
surface modes.

30. 29
Processing
 Areas are designated for the formalities associated with processing
passenger.
 The facilities include:
Airline ticket and passenger check-in.
Baggage check-in.
Gate check-in.
Incoming and outgoing customs.
Immigration control.
Security check areas.
Baggage claim.

31. 30
Holding Areas
 The areas where passengers wait, in some case
with airport visitors, between period occupied by
passing through the various process.
 The facilities required:
Passenger Lounges - general, departure and
gate lounges.
Passenger Services Areas - wash rooms,
internet access and public telephone.
Concessions - restaurant, bar and duty-free
shop.
Observation Decks and Visitors’ Lobbies.

32. 31
Airlines and Support
Activities
• The design must also cater to the need of airlines,
airport and support personal working in the terminal
area.
 The facilities must be provided:
 Airlines offices - rest and refreshment
areas for pilot and crew.
 Airport management offices - security,
services.
 Governmental office - police, health,
immigration.
 Offices and support areas for
maintenance staff.

33. 32
Services Required at Terminal Building
 Check-in
 Immigration Duties
 Security Checks
Passenger Screening
Baggage Screening
 Parking Facilities
 Public Transportation

34. 33
Check-In
 Airport Check-in are service counters found at commercial airports handling
commercial air travel. The check-in is normally handled by an airline or a
handling agent working on behalf of an airline. Passengers usually hand
over any baggage they do not wish or are not allowed to carry-on to the
aircraft's cabin and receive a boarding pass before they can proceed to
board their aircraft.
Aer Lingus Self Check-in Kiosk at Dublin
Airport
Check-in counters

35. 34
Immigration Duties
 Immigration responsible for:
Monitor persons who leave or enter the country,
Checking for appropriate documentation,
Arresting people wanted by international arrest warrants.
Block the entry of dangerous people to the country.

36. 35
Security Checks
Passenger Screening:
Confirming the identity of travelers, Checking a photo ID
& transports.
Body Screening using Metal Detector Gate
Baggage Screening using X-ray machine

37. 36
Passenger Screening
 Purpose: to ensure that certain prohibited items don’t
board commercial airliners.
 Every passenger thus is screened by airport security
staff using the latest screening techniques to prevent
any terrorist or criminal activity.
 Every piece of luggage is screened for explosives using
the latest technology and equipment before being
placed on a plane

38. 37
Passenger Screening
Metal objects will be
detected and produce alarm
sound.

39. 38
Baggage Screening
The X-ray machine: Place all carry-on baggage and any items you are
carrying with you on the belt of the X-ray machine.
 Laptop computers and video cameras with cassettes
must be removed from their carrying cases and placed
in one of the bins provided.
 You will also need to remove your coat, jacket, suit
jacket or blazer and place it in one of the bins.
 These items go through the X-ray machine.

40. 39
Baggage Screening
X-Ray technology: “see through” the baggage

41. 40
Parking Facilities
Public Parking Facility- for airline passengers
 Near terminal building.
Off-Airport Parking- for airline passengers
 Far away from terminal building, with lower charges.
Separate Parking-for airport employee
 Far away from terminal area, airport workers using bus go to the terminal.
Car Rental Parking-for taxi or airport limousine
 Close to the terminal building. Pick-up / Drop-off

42. 41
Public Transportation
 Taxis and limousine - Airport taxis or airport limousines are
provided by Airport Limo. The taxis and limousines are
readily available at the Taxi and Limousine counters.
 Bus - Both public and private buses connect KLIA to
several points in Kuala Lumpur and beyond.
 Express Train- Kuala Lumpur International Airport can be
reached by the KLIA Express (ERL) and the KLIA Transit
train services.
 Aerotrain - Main Terminal Building to Satellite Terminal A.
The journey between terminals takes under two minutes
train is able to transport 250passengers one time.

43. 42
References
 Airport Engineering: Planning, Design, and Development of 21st Century
Airport, Norman J. Ashford, Saleh A. Mumayiz, & Paul H. Wright- 4th
Edition
 www.princeton.edu/~ota/disk3/1984/8403/840306.PDF
 Airport Planning & Management, Alexander T. Wells, Seth B. Young-5th
Edition

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