Download to read offline
More Related Content
Similar to Airport Engineering Unit-5 for civil engineering
Airport Engineering Unit-5 for civil engineering
- 1. Airport Airport Engineering Engineering Unit-5 Unit-5 Prof. P. V.Khandve Prof. P. V. Khandve B.E.Civil, M.Tech.(Env.Engg.)(Hons.), B.E.Civil, M.Tech.(Env.Engg.)(Hons.), D.B.M., D.I.D., D.I.T., D.I.J., B.A.Soc. D.B.M., D.I.D., D.I.T., D.I.J., B.A.Soc. M.I.E., M.I.S.T.E., M.I.S.E.T, M.I.S.C.A., M.I.W.W.A., M.I.A.S.
- 2. Airport Engg byPVK 2 Airport Layout Airport Layout
- 3. Airport Engg byPVK 3 Terminal Parking Area Terminal Parking Area
- 4. Airport Engg byPVK 4 Airport Terminal Layout Airport Terminal Layout
- 5. Airport Engg byPVK 5 Airport – Bird Eye View Airport – Bird Eye View
- 6. Airport Engg byPVK 6 Typical Terminal Layout Typical Terminal Layout
- 7. Airport Engg byPVK 7 Airport Terminal and Aero dram Airport Terminal and Aero dram
- 8. Airport Engg byPVK 8 Airport Terminal Airport Terminal
- 9. Airport Engg byPVK 9 Terminal Area Terminal Area Portion other than landing area Portion other than landing area Focal points of activities on the airport Focal points of activities on the airport Terminal building, vehicle parking, aircraft Terminal building, vehicle parking, aircraft service hangers, operational building etc. service hangers, operational building etc. Accommodate Airport future development Accommodate Airport future development Terminal Apron area – fueling and parking Terminal Apron area – fueling and parking Type and volume of aircraft is considered Type and volume of aircraft is considered for sizes of facilities for sizes of facilities
- 10. Airport Engg byPVK 10 Terminal Building Terminal Building Shelter and space for surface activities Shelter and space for surface activities Maximum efficiency, Convenience, Economy Maximum efficiency, Convenience, Economy Present and future anticipated use of building Present and future anticipated use of building Passengers, airline and administration facilities Passengers, airline and administration facilities Vehicle platform – booking counter – waiting Vehicle platform – booking counter – waiting room - baggage loading platform – aircraft room - baggage loading platform – aircraft Operational building - Control tower, Weather Operational building - Control tower, Weather bureau, Govt. aviation services office bureau, Govt. aviation services office
- 11. Airport Engg byPVK 11 Terminal Facilities Terminal Facilities Passengers and baggage Passengers and baggage handling counters handling counters Baggage claim section Baggage claim section Enquiry counter Enquiry counter Mail and light cargo Mail and light cargo handling space handling space Public telephone booth Public telephone booth Waiting hall for Waiting hall for passengers and visitors passengers and visitors Toilet facilities Toilet facilities Restaurants Restaurants First aid room First aid room General store / Gift store General store / Gift store Book Stall area Book Stall area Airport staff Office Airport staff Office Weather bureau Weather bureau Post Office / Banking Post Office / Banking facility facility Custom control Custom control Passport and health Passport and health control control Control tower Control tower
- 12. Airport Engg byPVK 12 Site Location of Terminal building Site Location of Terminal building Sufficient area for first stage Sufficient area for first stage Sufficient area for future expansion Sufficient area for future expansion Sufficient area for roadways Sufficient area for roadways Adequate area for parking Adequate area for parking Functional relationship betn buildings Functional relationship betn buildings Convenient access for main highway Convenient access for main highway Central location wrt runway Central location wrt runway Proximity & easy installation of utilities like Proximity & easy installation of utilities like telephone, electricity, water and sewage line. telephone, electricity, water and sewage line. Favorable orientation wrt wind & topography Favorable orientation wrt wind & topography Good subsoil water characteristics including Good subsoil water characteristics including natural drainage natural drainage
- 13. Airport Engg byPVK 13 Planning consideration Planning consideration Centralized vs Decentralized system Centralized vs Decentralized system Walking distances > 180 m change C to D Walking distances > 180 m change C to D Choice - Space needed for parking of Choice - Space needed for parking of Aircraft Aircraft Single central terminal - no. of aircraft less, Single central terminal - no. of aircraft less, few gates, less traffic intensity few gates, less traffic intensity Air traffic increased more – centralized Air traffic increased more – centralized concept become inoperative concept become inoperative Dencentralized concept = Unit terminal Dencentralized concept = Unit terminal concept concept
- 14. Airport Engg byPVK 14 Unit Terminal concept Unit Terminal concept Facilities are provided in units of Facilities are provided in units of manageable size providing min walking manageable size providing min walking distances from curbside to gate portions distances from curbside to gate portions As traffic grows – one unit get saturated As traffic grows – one unit get saturated New unit terminal is added New unit terminal is added Until ultimate runway capacity is reached Until ultimate runway capacity is reached Common facilities in separate central Common facilities in separate central building such as book stall, ATM, Toilets, building such as book stall, ATM, Toilets, flight enquiry etc. flight enquiry etc. Fit for modern concept of parallel runway Fit for modern concept of parallel runway
- 15. Airport Engg byPVK 15 Advantages of unit terminal concept Advantages of unit terminal concept Minimized initial capital cost Minimized initial capital cost Easy future expansion made Easy future expansion made Suitable for Passengers Suitable for Passengers Suitable for Administrative staff Suitable for Administrative staff Easy managable size of unit operations Easy managable size of unit operations No crowding possible No crowding possible Suitable for commercial International airport Suitable for commercial International airport Suitable for Modern Air traffic control Suitable for Modern Air traffic control Maximum utilization of facilities can be made Maximum utilization of facilities can be made Services can be rendered easily Services can be rendered easily
- 16. Airport Engg byPVK 16 Principles for Planning Principles for Planning Walking distance < 180 m Walking distance < 180 m Walking distance area – weather protected Walking distance area – weather protected No long corridors and stairsways No long corridors and stairsways Route should be direct and obvious Route should be direct and obvious Carrying of baggage < 22.5m (75 ft) Carrying of baggage < 22.5m (75 ft) No waiting for check in point No waiting for check in point Maximum check in point < 3 min. Maximum check in point < 3 min. Baggage delivery time = passenger walking time Baggage delivery time = passenger walking time For large cargo volume – Cargo Handling & For large cargo volume – Cargo Handling & Storage building should be provided. Storage building should be provided.
- 17. Airport Engg byPVK 17 Centralized – Decentralized system Centralized – Decentralized system
- 18. Airport Engg byPVK 18 Planning Concepts of Terminal Buildings Planning Concepts of Terminal Buildings
- 19. Airport Engg byPVK 19 Vehicular circulation & Parking Area Vehicular circulation & Parking Area Ease of passenger unloading and loading at Ease of passenger unloading and loading at terminal terminal One way traffic One way traffic Minimum of driveway intersections Minimum of driveway intersections Adequate driveway width to permit overtaking Adequate driveway width to permit overtaking Sufficient parking & circulation area Sufficient parking & circulation area Clearly defined parking & circulation area Clearly defined parking & circulation area Well lighted routes for pedestrians and vehicles Well lighted routes for pedestrians and vehicles 1.5 – 2 cars for each peak hour passengers 1.5 – 2 cars for each peak hour passengers Right angle parking, angle parking, parallel kerb Right angle parking, angle parking, parallel kerb parking parking
- 20. Airport Engg byPVK 20 Basic Vehicular Parking Patterns Basic Vehicular Parking Patterns
- 21. Airport Engg byPVK 21 Apron Apron Paved area for parking of aircraft Paved area for parking of aircraft Loading and unloading passengers & Cargo Loading and unloading passengers & Cargo Size depends on Size depends on Gate position of aircraft Gate position of aircraft – Size of aircraft Size of aircraft – Aircraft turning radius Aircraft turning radius – Manner of entering and leaving gate position Manner of entering and leaving gate position – Aircraft parking configuration Aircraft parking configuration – Nose in, angle nose in, Nose out, angle nose out Nose in, angle nose in, Nose out, angle nose out Number of gate positions Number of gate positions Aircraft parking systems Aircraft parking systems
- 22. Airport Engg byPVK 22 Basic Basic Parking Parking Configuration Configuration of of Aircrafts Aircrafts
- 23. Airport Engg byPVK 23 Aircraft parking configuration Aircraft parking configuration Angle Nose in Angle Nose in Angle Nose Out Angle Nose Out Less noise when Less noise when taxing taxing No turning when No turning when taxing taxing Hot blast away Hot blast away Forward door is close Forward door is close Rear loading door is Rear loading door is far far Overall space require Overall space require little more little more More noise when taxing More noise when taxing Turning require when Turning require when taxing taxing Hot blast towards Hot blast towards building building Forward door is far Forward door is far Rear loading door is Rear loading door is near near Overall space require Overall space require less less
- 24. Airport Engg byPVK 24 No of gate positions No of gate positions = Capacity of runway x average gate = Capacity of runway x average gate occupancy time / 60x2 occupancy time / 60x2 Gate occupancy time = 60 min for big Gate occupancy time = 60 min for big aircraft aircraft = 10 min for small ac = 10 min for small ac Capacity of runway in Movement / hour Capacity of runway in Movement / hour
- 25. Airport Engg byPVK 25 Gate Position, Pier Finger and Nose Gate Position, Pier Finger and Nose Loading Arrangement Loading Arrangement
- 26. Airport Engg byPVK 26 Aircraft Parking system Aircraft Parking system Frontal system Frontal system Open apron system Open apron system Finger system ( T, I, Y ) Finger system ( T, I, Y ) Satellite system ( square connected Satellite system ( square connected through basement corridor) through basement corridor)
- 27. Airport Engg byPVK 27 Aircraft Parking Systems Aircraft Parking Systems
- 28. Airport Engg byPVK 28 Finger type Parking System Finger type Parking System
- 29. Airport Engg byPVK 29 Pier finger system Pier finger system Processing of passenger and baggage at Processing of passenger and baggage at terminal building terminal building T shape, Y Shape, I shape pier finger used T shape, Y Shape, I shape pier finger used Provide adequate protection to Provide adequate protection to passengers passengers Future expansion easy Future expansion easy All Aircraft close to terminal All Aircraft close to terminal Installation of short nose loading bridge Installation of short nose loading bridge
- 30. Airport Engg byPVK 30
- 31. Airport Engg byPVK 31 Typical airport Layouts Typical airport Layouts Single runway layout Single runway layout Open parallel layout Open parallel layout Offset parallel layout Offset parallel layout Two intersecting runway Two intersecting runway Two Non intersecting runway Two Non intersecting runway Three intersecting runway Three intersecting runway Tangential runway systems Tangential runway systems
- 32. Airport Engg byPVK 32 Good Airport layout characteristics Good Airport layout characteristics Landing, taxiing and taking off as independent Landing, taxiing and taking off as independent operation without interference operation without interference Shortest taxiway distance from loading apron to Shortest taxiway distance from loading apron to runway end runway end Safe runway length Safe runway length Safe approaches Safe approaches Excellent control tower visibility Excellent control tower visibility Adequate loading apron space Adequate loading apron space Sufficient terminal building facilities Sufficient terminal building facilities Sufficient land area to permit subsequent Sufficient land area to permit subsequent expansions expansions Lowest possible cost of construction Lowest possible cost of construction
- 33. Airport Engg byPVK 33 Runway Concept Runway Concept
- 34. Airport Engg byPVK 34 Non Intersecting Runway Non Intersecting Runway
- 35. Airport Engg byPVK 35 Tangential Runway Layout Tangential Runway Layout
- 36. Airport Engg byPVK 36 Two Intersecting Runway Two Intersecting Runway
- 37. Airport Engg byPVK 37 Three Three Intersecting Intersecting Runways Runways
- 38. Airport Engg byPVK 38 Visual Aids - Airport markings Visual Aids - Airport markings Runway marking Runway marking Taxiway marking Taxiway marking Runway and taxiway shoulder marking Runway and taxiway shoulder marking Apron marking Apron marking Wind direction indicator Wind direction indicator Landing direction indicator Landing direction indicator
- 39. Airport Engg byPVK 39 Runway Markings – threshold, Runway Markings – threshold, landing zone, edge strip, center landing zone, edge strip, center line, runway number, L, LC, RC, R line, runway number, L, LC, RC, R
- 40. Airport Engg byPVK 40 Displaced Threshold Marking Displaced Threshold Marking White paint White paint
- 41. Airport Engg byPVK 41 Taxiway Entrance at end of Runway Taxiway Entrance at end of Runway Yellow paint Yellow paint
- 42. Airport Engg byPVK 42 Taxiway longitudinal & Holding position markings Taxiway longitudinal & Holding position markings
- 43. Airport Engg byPVK 43 Runway & Runway & Taxiway Taxiway Shoulder Shoulder Markings Markings
- 44. Airport Engg byPVK 44 Taxiway Entrance to Runway Taxiway Entrance to Runway
- 45. Airport Engg byPVK 45 Wind direction Wind direction Indicator Indicator
- 46. Airport Engg byPVK 46 Airport Lighting Airport Lighting Alignment guidance – landing direction Alignment guidance – landing direction indicator indicator Height information - ground reference Height information - ground reference data data Distance Estimation – distance from Distance Estimation – distance from runway runway Roll Guidance – angle of roll corrected Roll Guidance – angle of roll corrected
- 47. Airport Engg byPVK 47 General General lighting lighting pattern pattern on an on an Airport Airport
- 48. Airport Engg byPVK 48 Visual requirement of approach lighting Visual requirement of approach lighting
- 49. Airport Engg byPVK 49 Approach and Threshold lighting Approach and Threshold lighting
- 50. Airport Engg byPVK 50 Narrow gauge pattern of runway lighting Narrow gauge pattern of runway lighting
- 51. Airport Engg byPVK 51 Spacing of taxiway lights on curves Spacing of taxiway lights on curves
- 52. Airport Engg byPVK 52 Taxiway Lighting at Turn Off Taxiway Lighting at Turn Off
- 53. Airport Engg byPVK 53 Instrumental Landing System Instrumental Landing System
- 54. Airport Engg byPVK 54 Instrumental Landing System Instrumental Landing System
- 55. Airport Engg byPVK 55 Need of air traffic control Need of air traffic control The aircraft takes off from an airport The aircraft takes off from an airport To maintain proper altitude in air To maintain proper altitude in air To navigates from point to point safely To navigates from point to point safely To land at desired airport To land at desired airport
- 56. Airport Engg byPVK 56 System of air traffic control System of air traffic control Airport traffic control – landing and taking Airport traffic control – landing and taking off and taxing off and taxing Airway traffic control Airway traffic control Airway communication Airway communication General or non airway traffic control General or non airway traffic control
- 57. Airport Engg byPVK 57 Enroute aids of airway aid Enroute aids of airway aid Airway beacon Airway beacon Low / medium frequency ratio range Low / medium frequency ratio range Very high frequency omni directional range Very high frequency omni directional range Airground communication Airground communication Tactical air navigation Tactical air navigation Distance measuring equipment Distance measuring equipment Marker beacon Marker beacon Direction finder Direction finder Air route surveillance radar Air route surveillance radar
- 58. Airport Engg byPVK 58 Landing aids Landing aids Instrument landing system Instrument landing system Precision approach radar, ground Precision approach radar, ground approach control approach control Airport surveillance radar Airport surveillance radar Airport surface detection equipment Airport surface detection equipment Approach lights Approach lights
- 59. Airport Engg byPVK 59 Thanks! Thanks! Prof. P. V. Khandve Prof. P. V. Khandve B.E.Civil, M.Tech.(Env.Engg.)(Hons.), B.E.Civil, M.Tech.(Env.Engg.)(Hons.), D.B.M., D.I.D., D.I.T., D.I.J., B.A.Soc. D.B.M., D.I.D., D.I.T., D.I.J., B.A.Soc. M.I.E., M.I.S.T.E., M.I.S.E.T, M.I.S.C.A., M.I.W.W.A., M.I.A.S. khandvesir@gmail.com