This document summarizes and provides examples of different tenses in English grammar, including present progressive, past progressive, future progressive, present perfect, past perfect, future perfect, present perfect progressive, past perfect progressive, and future perfect progressive tenses. It explains the uses of each tense, such as to denote an ongoing action, a completed action, or an action that began in the past and continues. It also lists some verbs that are not normally used in the progressive form.

1. Tenses Present Progressive Past Progressive Future Progressive Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect Present Perfect Progressive Past Perfect Progressive Future Perfect Progressive 15 th February 2011 5 th Hour I B Com Golden Jubilee Hall

2. Progressive Tenses Present Progressive Tense Past Progressive Tense Future progressive Tense

3. Present Progressive Tense

4. Present Progressive Tense I am reading book now We are reading book now You are reading book now They are reading book now He is reading book now She is reading book now It is reading book now Sam is reading book now Mala is reading book now

5. Uses of Present Progressive Tense 1 For an action going on at the time of speaking Examples: She is singing now. He is playing cricket now. They are eating biscuits. I am drinking coffee now. What are you doing now?

6. Uses of Present Progressive Tense 2 For a temporary action which may not be actually happening at the time of speaking. Examples: I am reading David Copperfield[not reading at this moment] I am watching TV[not now] He is playing violin[not now] She is reading[now not reading]

7. Uses of Present Progressive Tense 3 For an action that is planned or arranged to take place in the near future. Examples: I am going to the cinema tonight. His uncle is arriving tomorrow Her friend is leaving tonight. They are coming tomorrow Will you be coming tomorrow?

8. Uses of Present Progressive Tense 4 For referring to the habit which continues for long in spite of warning or advice we use present progressive tense. We use present progressive with an adverb like always, continually, constantly. Examples: Ram is so adamant; he is constantly going late to bed in spite of his father’s advice. Sam is so casual; he is coming to college late in spite of the principal’s warning.

9. Verbs Not Used in Progressive Form 1 The following verbs are not normally used in the continuous form: Verbs of Perception: - see - hear - smell - notice - recognize

10. Verbs Not Used in Progressive Form 2 2. Verbs of appearing - appear - look - seem

11. Verbs Not Used in Progressive Form 3 3. Verbs of emotion - want - wish - desire - feel - like - love - hate - hope - refuse - prefer

12. Verbs Not Used in Progressive Form 4 4. Verbs of thinking: - think - suppose - believe - agree - consider - trust - remember - forget - know - understand - imagine - mean - mind

13. Verbs Not Used in Progressive Form 5 5. Have[Possess] -possess -own - belong to - contain - consist of

14. Summing up For an action going on at the time of speaking For a temporary action which may not be actually happening at the time of speaking. For an action that is planned or arranged to take place in the near future. For referring to the habit which continues for long in spite of warning or advice we use present progressive tense. We use present progressive with an adverb like always, continually, constantly. Some verbs are not used in present progressive tense, they are used in simple present

15. Past Progressive Tense

16. Past Progressive Tense The light went out while I was reading. The power went off while we were watching TV. Were you listening to the radio all evening? They were getting tired. When I saw him, he was playing chess. When Tom saw Jenie, she was cooking food. It was getting darker

17. Uses of Past Progressive Tense 1 Used to denote an action going on at some time in the past In the middle of something Time of the action may or may not be indicated Examples: We were listening to the radio all evening We were playing cards The Power went off while I was drawing picture I was walking home when I met Dave

18. Uses of Past Progressive Tense 2 It is also used with always, continually for persistent habits in the past. Examples: He was always smoking. [now he stopped smoking] He was always grumbling. [now he stopped] He was always quarrelsome. [ now he is not so] He was always late to school. [now he is punctual]

19. Summing Up Used to denote an action going on at some time in the past In the middle of something Time of the action may or may not be indicated It is also used with always, continually for persistent habits in the past.

20. Future Progressive Tense

21. Future Progressive Tense I shall be reading the paper then. We shall be reaching home then Will you be staying here till Sunday? They will be meeting us next week. He will be staying here till Monday. She will be meeting us tomorrow It will be getting darker after sometime.

22. Uses of Future Progressive Tense 1 The future progressive denotes an action as going on at some time in future Examples: When I get home, my children will be playing Will you be using your bicycle this evening? At 10’ 0 clock tomorrow she will be working in her office.

23. Uses of Future Progressive Tense 2 This tense is also used for future action that is planned Examples I shall be staying here still Sunday . We shall be meeting you after two days. You will be leaving next week, I suppose. They will be reaching their home next week.

24. Summing Up The future progressive denotes an action as going on at some time in future This tense is also used for future action that is planned

25. Perfect Tenses Present Perfect Tense Past Perfect Tense Future Perfect Tense

26. Present Perfect Tense

27. Present Perfect Tense I have just entered. We have just reached the ground. You have already gone there, I suppose. He has not left yet. She has reached home just now. It has just struck ten.

28. Uses of Present Perfect Tense 1 To indicate completed activities in the immediate past Examples: He has just gone out. It has just struck 10. The train has just arrived. Ram has come just now

29. Uses of Present Perfect Tense 2 To express past actions whose time is not given and not definite. Examples: Have you read Sherlock Holmes? I have never known him to be angry. Mr. Pari has been to Japan. Mala has been to Canada.

30. Uses of Present Perfect Tense 3 To describe past events when we think more of their effect in the present time Examples: Tom has eaten all the biscuits.[nothing left now] I have cut my finger.[it is bleeding now] I have finished my work.[now I am free]

31. Uses Present Perfect Tense 4 To denote an action beginning at some time in the past and continuing up to the present moment. Examples: I have known him for a long time. He has been ill since last week. We have lived here for ten years. We haven’t seen Kala for several months.

32. Summing Up To indicate completed activities in the immediate past To express past actions whose time is not given and not definite. To describe past events when we think more of their effect in the present time To denote an action beginning at some time in the past and continuing up to the present moment.

33. Past Perfect Tense

34. Past Perfect Tense I had written the letter before he arrived. We had reached the station before the train arrived. You had reached the house before it was dark They had entered the hall before it was closed He had reached the school before the bell rang. She reached the station after the train had left. It stopped barking after the thief had left

35. Uses of Past Perfect Tense 1 The past perfect describes an action completed before a certain moment in the past. Example: I met him in Paris in 1970. I had seen him last five years before.

36. Uses of Past Perfect Tense 2 If two actions happened in the past with first action we use past perfect and with second action we use simple past. Examples: I had posted the letter before he arrived.

37. Summing Up The past perfect describes an action completed before a certain moment in the past. If two actions happened in the past with first action we use past perfect and with second action we use simple past.

38. Future Perfect Tense

39. Future Perfect Tense I shall have written my exercise by that time. We shall have finished our homework by that time. You will have reached your home by that time. He will have completed his studies by that time. She will have ended her career by that time. It will have landed in London by that time.

40. Future Perfect Tense is Used To indicate the completion of an action by a certain future time. Examples: Before you go to see him he will have left the place.

41. Perfect Progressive Tenses Present Perfect Progressive Tense Past Perfect Progressive Tense Future Perfect Progressive Tense

42. Present Perfect Progressive Tense I have been sleeping for five hours. We have been playing for five hours. You have been reading for five hours. They have been sleeping for five hours He has been sleeping for five hours. She has been reading for five hours. It has been barking for ten minutes.

43. Present Perfect Progressive Tense is Used For an action which began at some time in the past and is still continuing. Example: They have been building the bridge for several months.

44. Past Perfect Progressive Tense At that time I had been writing a novel for two months. At that time we had been producing a film for three months. At that time you had been working in a bank for six months. At that time they had been playing for few weeks. At that time he had been working in a bank. At that time she had been working in a school. At that time it had been staying in a wealthy house for few weeks.

45. Past Perfect Progressive Tense is Used For an action that began before a certain point in the past and continued up to that time. Example: At that time you had been working in a bank for six months.

46. Future Perfect Progressive Tense By next may I shall have been living here for two years. By next may we shall have been living here for two years. By next may you will have been living here for two years. By next may they will have been living here for two years. By next may he will have been living here for two years. By next may she will have been living here for two years. By next may it will have been living here for two years.

47. Future Perfect Progressive Tense is Used To represent an action as being in progress over a period of time that will end in the future. Example: When he gets his degree, he will have been studying at Oxford for four years.

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