Tegretol presentation
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Tegretol is a first-line treatment for partial and generalized seizures and is also used for bipolar disorder and trigeminal neuralgia. It works by stabilizing sodium channels to reduce neuronal excitability. Common side effects include ataxia, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, and dry mouth. Rare side effects include myocardial infarction and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Patients should be advised to avoid grapefruit, alcohol, and sudden discontinuation of the drug which could cause status epilepticus. Tegretol is associated with autoinduction where it stimulates hepatic enzymes over time, leading to lower drug concentrations.
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1. The document describes an experiment investigating drug interactions and the effects of the liver on drug action in mice. Various groups of mice were administered different combinations of drugs including thiopentone, pentobarbitone, phenobarbitone, and carbon tetrachloride.
2. The duration of drug effects were measured and recorded for each mouse. Preliminary results show that starvation prior to drug administration increased the duration of drug effects for some groups. Pretreatment with other drugs also increased duration of effects for some groups.
3. Further analysis of the results is needed to fully understand the interactions between the different drugs and effects of liver function and pretreatments. The study aims to provide insights into how multiple drug use
Pharmacology part 5 (pregnancy)
This document summarizes key points about pharmacology and drug use during pregnancy. It discusses how drugs can potentially harm the fetus, especially during organogenesis in the first trimester. Certain drugs like alcohol and cigarettes are definitely teratogenic. Most small drugs pass through the placenta. The document then covers organogenesis, fetal development, delivery, recognizing teratogenic drugs, and provides guidance on commonly used drug classes in pregnancy like analgesics, antibiotics, anti-epileptics, and cardiovascular drugs.
Naltrexone Implants for Treatment of Addiction
The document summarizes information about naltrexone implants used for opioid and methamphetamine dependence treatment. It describes a case of severe opioid withdrawal in a patient who received a naltrexone implant that morning. Key points include:
- Naltrexone is an opioid receptor antagonist that blocks the effects of opioids for up to 24 hours after a single dose. Implants release naltrexone over months.
- Patients undergoing rapid detox with naltrexone implants are at risk of severe withdrawal symptoms like agitation and vomiting within hours of the implant.
- Management of withdrawal includes sedation, anti-emetics, clonidine, and monitoring for complications like respiratory depression.
Antiemetic Drugs.pptx
This document discusses various classes of antiemetic drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, and side effects. It covers anticholinergic, antihistaminic, neuroleptic, 5-HT3 antagonist, and cannabinoid class drugs. The document provides details on the neurological pathways involved in vomiting and how different drug classes act on these pathways to exert their antiemetic effects.
Pharma cokinetics of drugs assignment help
This assignment is aiming to identify and discuss pharma cokinetics of drugs given to a patient suffering from asthma, GERD and hypothyroidism. Case study is already been given, drugs given to the patient are protonix, synthroid and metaclopromide.
COMBINED EFFECT OF DRUG.pptx
This document discusses interactions between drugs and factors that can modify drug action. It covers several types of drug interactions including synergism, additive effects, and antagonism. Synergism occurs when two drugs have a combined effect greater than the sum of their individual effects. Additive effects are when the combined effect equals the sum. Antagonism is when two drugs oppose each other's actions. The document also discusses physiological factors like age, sex, pregnancy, and disease states that can impact drug responses. Genetic and environmental factors are also noted to influence individual drug metabolism and effects.
Adverse drug effects
Hello friends. In this PPT I am talking about adverse drug effects. If you like it, please do let me know in the comments section. A single word of appreciation from you will encourage me to make more of such videos. Thanks. Enjoy and welcome to the beautiful world of pharmacology where pharmacology comes to life. This video is intended for MBBS, BDS, paramedical and any person who wishes to have a basic understanding of the subject in the simplest way.
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The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
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Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
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The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
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The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
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◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
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◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
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◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm,
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aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
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Tegretol presentation
- 1. Tegretol Samantha Brezinski & Christina Pawlowski
- 2. Indication: What is it? How, when is it used? Tegretol (generic: carbamazepine) is the second most prescribed antiepileptic drug in the US, after phenytoin. It is considered a first-line treatment for partial seizures and generalized tonic- clonic seizures. Common conditions treated with tegretol include epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and trigeminal neuralgia. Tegretol works by stabilizing the inactivated state of sodium channels, thereby making neurons less excitable. It is associated with autoinduction of hepatic enzymes, which means over time the drug stimulates the production of enzymes that enhance its own metabolism, which leads to lower concentrations. This usually occurs within the first two months of taking the drug. Tegretol is only available for oral use. The onset is slow, peak plasma concentration is 4-8 hours, and the duration of action is 12-24 hours.
- 3. Complicating factors: What are the side effects? Common side effects: Ataxia (15%) Dizziness (44%) Nausea (29%) Vomiting (18%) Dry mouth (8%) Rare side effects: MI Stevens-Johnson syndrome Hepatic Failure Punctate cortical lens opacities Considerations: Document hypersensitivity History of bone marrow suppression, jaundice, hepatitis Pregnancy (especially during the first trimester
- 4. Patient teaching: What does the patient need to know? Instruct patients to take the medication with food. Tablets should not be crushed, cut or chewed. Patients should avoid eating grapefruit or grapefruit juice. Patients should avoid alcohol use while taking Tegretol. Inform the patient that drug may decrease the effectiveness or hormonal contraceptives and to use additional forms of birth control. Patients should report signs of symptoms of severe dermatologic reactions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Advise patient against suddenly discontinuation of the drug as this may precipitate status epilepticus.
- 5. NCLEX Question #1 A patient is taking carbamazepine. Which of the following are side effects of this type of medication? (Select all that apply.) a. Runny nose b. Nausea c. Constipation d. Dry mouth e. Ataxia
- 6. NCLEX Question #2 A patient with acute episodes of Bipolar I disorder has been prescribed Tegretol. What should the nurse ensure the patient understands about the medication? a. Side effects may include anorexia, weight loss and diarrhea. b. The patient should avoid taking the medication in the late afternoon as it may cause insomnia. c. The patient should report signs and symptoms of dermatologic interactions to their physician. d. Instruct the patient to take medication on an empty stomach to maximize its effects.
- 7. NCLEX Question #3 A patient with epilepsy is taking Tegretol. Which of the following contraindications should the nurse consider before administering the medication? (Select all that apply.) a. Documented hypersensitivity b. Jaundice c. Pregnancy d. Elevated white blood cell count e. History of bone marrow suppression
- 8. NCLEX Question #4 Tegretol is associated with autoinduction. The nurse knows that this means… a. Over time the drug stimulates the production of enzymes that enhance its own metabolism, which leads to lower concentrations. b. The drug is associated with very few medication interactions. c. It is metabolized by hepatic microsomal enzymes and competes for metabolism with other drugs. d. It should never be taken if the patient is pregnant.
- 9. NCLEX Question #5 A patient is taking Apixaban to prevent blood coagulation. The doctor recently prescribed Tegretol in addition to the other medication. What are the effects of taking both medications simultaneously? a. Increased metabolism of Apixaban b. Tegretol will decrease the level of Apixaban by inducing hepatic enzyme CYP3A4. c. The patient will experience nausea, diarrhea and vomiting. d. Tegretol will increase the toxicity level of Apixaban in the blood.
- 10. References Lilley, L. L., Collins, S. R., & Snyder, J. S. (2013). Pharmacology and the Nursing Process, 7th Edition. [VitalSource Bookshelf version]. Retrieved from http://online.vitalsource.com/ books978-0-323-08789-6/id/B978032308789600014X_t0115 Micromedex® 1.0 (Healthcare Series), (electronic version). Truven Health Analytics, Greenwood Village, Colorado, USA. Available at: http://www.micromedexsolutions.com/ (cited: October/26/2015).
Editor's Notes
- Lilley, L. L., Collins, S. R., & Snyder, J. S. (2013). Pharmacology and the Nursing Process, 7th Edition. [VitalSource Bookshelf version]. Retrieved from http://online.vitalsource.com/books/978-0-323-08789-6/id/B978032308789600014X_t0115 Micromedex® 1.0 (Healthcare Series), (electronic version). Truven Health Analytics, Greenwood Village, Colorado, USA. Available at: http://www.micromedexsolutions.com/ (cited: October/26/2015).