this is all about the teenage pregnancy and its national and international scenario.

1. TEENAGE PREGNENCY
PRESENTED BY
YUBRAJ THAPA
STUDENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH
KARNALI COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCE
7TH BATCH

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Key facts
• National/International scenario
• Life outcomes on a teen mother, her child
• National/WHO strategies
• Prevention and control
• Question/Answer discussion

3. Introduction
• Teenage pregnancy, also known as adolescent pregnancy, is pregnancy in females under
the age of 20.
• The WHO defines adolescent as individuals within the age group of 10-19 years.
• During this time most adolescents start exploring of sexuality and some young couples
may start sexual relationships (Oringanje, 2010)
• They are also more likely to become pregnant due to lack of knowledge of appropriate
contraceptives.
• Adolescents who are less informed, may not access the appropriate reproductive health
(RH) services and are therefore at greater risk of contracting sexually transmitted
infections (STIs).

4. Key facts (WHO)
• About 16 million girls aged 15 to 19 and some 1 million girls under 15 give birth
every year—most in low- and middle-income countries.
• Complications during pregnancy and childbirth are the second cause of death for
15-19 year-old girls globally.
• Every year, some 3 million girls aged 15 to 19 undergo unsafe abortions.
• Babies born to adolescent mothers face a substantially higher risk of dying than
those born to women aged 20 to 24.

5. Key fact (UNICEF)
• Half of the world’s population are under 25.
• Some 1.8 billion are aged 10-25, history’s largest generation of adolescents, and
about 85% live in the developing world.
• Most people become sexually active before their 20th birthday.
• 49% of girls in least developed countries marry before they turn 18.
• 10% – 40% of young unmarried girls have had an unintended pregnancy according to
community studies.
• Some 14 million children worldwide are born every year to young married and
unmarried women aged 15 to 19.

6. National scenario
• Adolescents account for one-quarter of the total population in Nepal and the
national estimations for early pregnancy among 15-19 years stands at a figure of
17% in Nepal.
• Adolescent population is more vulnerable than those aged 20 to 24 years old to
sexual and reproductive health risks through early marriage, risky sexual behavior,
unintended pregnancy, STIs and HIV/AIDS
• Among women age 15-19, 17% have begun child bearing .(NDHS 2016)

7. Current situation of teenage marriage
Sex Age Married
Women 15-19 27.1%
Men 15-19 6.4%
Source: NDHS, 2016

8. Teenage child bearing by province.
• Percentage of women age 15-19 who have begun child bearing.
16%
27%
10%
14%
13%
19%
16%
PROVINCE 1 PROVINCE 2 PROVINCE 3 PROVINCE 4 PROVINCE 5 PROVINCE 6 PROVINCE 7

9. Teenage child bearing by education
• Percentage of women age 15-19 who have begun child bearing:
Source: NDHS, 2016
33%
30%
17%
7%
NO EDUCATION PRIMARY SOME SECONDARY SLC AND ABOVE

10. Sexual and reproductive behavior before age 15
• Among women and men age 15-19, 4% of women and 3% of men had their first
sexual intercourse before age 15. within this same age group, 4% of women and
less then 1% of men were married by time they reached age 15.
• Only 15% of currently married women age 15-19 use a modern method of
contraception.
Source: NDHS, 2016

11. Global scenario
• Globally 15 million adolescent girls between 15 and 19 years of age give birth
• representing up to one-seventh of all births and 289,000 women die due to
pregnancy and child birth related complications each year.
• Given the high adolescent pregnancy rate of 22% in South Asia
• South Asian countries have high rates of teenage pregnancies
• since early marriage is common and there is social expectation to have children
soon after marriage.
Source: Restless Development Nepal

12. Cont.……
• The percentage of women whose current age were 20- 24 years who had given
live birth before reaching 18 years of age was 18% in 2011 for South Asia.
• In Bangladesh 40% of women whose current age was 20-24 years of age had
given live birth before they reached age of 18 years in 2010
• It is estimated that 70,000 female teenagers die each year because they are
pregnant before they are
• physically mature for a successful motherhood. Girls are affected more by early
marriage and pregnancy than boys.

13. Life outcomes on a teen mother, her child
a) A teen mother is more likely to:
• drop out of school
• have no or low qualifications
• be unemployed or low-paid
• live in poor housing conditions
• suffer from depression which may result in suicide

14. The child of a teen mother is more likely to:
• live in poverty
• grow up without a father
• become a victim of neglect or abuse
• do less well at school
• become involved in crime
• abuse drugs and alcohol
• eventually become a teenage parent and begin the cycle all over again

15. TEEN PREGNANCY: STIS, HIV AND AIDS
• As a result of unprotected sex, young people are also at risk of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV
infection.
• The highest rates of STIs worldwide are among young people aged 15 to 24. Some 500,000 become
infected daily (excluding HIV).
• Two in five new HIV infections globally occur in young people aged 15 to 24.
• Surveys from 40 countries show that more than half their young people have misconceptions about how
HIV is transmitted.
• Married adolescent girls generally are unable to negotiate condom use or to refuse sexual relations. They
are often married to older men with more sexual experience, which puts them at risk of contracting STIs,
including HIV.

16. National Adolescent Health and Development Strategy:
• Goal:
The goal of the national adolescent health and development strategy is to improve
the health and socioeconomic status of adolescents.
Main objectives:
To increase the availability and access to information about adolescent health and
development and provide opportunities to build skills of adolescents service
providers and educators.
To increase accessibility and utilization of adolescents health and counseling
services for adolescents.

17. Cont.………
• To create safe and supportive environment for adolescents in order to improve
their legal, social and economic status.

18. WHO response
• WHO published guidelines in 2011 with the UN Population Fund (UNFPA) on preventing
early pregnancies and reducing poor reproductive outcomes. These made
recommendations for action that countries could take, with 6 main objectives:
• reducing marriage before the age of 18;
• creating understanding and support to reduce pregnancy before the age of 20;
• increasing the use of contraception by adolescents at risk of unintended
pregnancy;
• reducing coerced sex among adolescents;
• reducing unsafe abortion among adolescents;
• increasing use of skilled antenatal, childbirth and postnatal care among
adolescents

19. Prevention and control
• Sexuality education.
• Youth development.
• Access to contraception.
• Adolescent friendly services:
Adolescent friendly policies.
Adolescent friendly procedures.
Adolescent friendly health care provider.

20. Cont.……..
Adolescent friendly health facilities.
Adolescent involvement.
Community involvement and diagnosis.
Effective health services for adolescent.
Appropriate and comprehensive service.