The document discusses the definition of grammar, arguing both for and against its explicit teaching in language education. It compares deductive and inductive approaches to grammar instruction, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Various presentation and practice techniques for teaching grammar are also outlined.

1. Teaching Grammar
Presented by:
Haddouz Lahcen
Ayman Mouhcine
Mustapha Boukhlik
The superior school of education and training – Agadir -
Morocco

2. Outline:
Definition of Grammar
Teach or not to teach grammar
Approaches to presenting grammar
Techniques for teaching grammar

3. Outline:
Definition of Grammar
Teach or not to teach grammar
Approaches to presenting grammar
Techniques for teaching grammar

4. Definition of Grammar:
Prescriptive Grammar
• refers to the structure of a language as certain
people think it should be used
Descriptive Grammar
• refers to the structure of a language as it is actually
used by speakers and writers

5. Descriptive vs Prescriptive
Language is prior to rules
Languages started by people making sounds which
evolved into words, phrases and sentences
What we call "grammar" is simply a reflection of a
language at a particular time

6. Outline:
Definition of Grammar
Teach or not to teach grammar
Approaches to presenting grammar
Techniques for teaching grammar

7. Not to teach Grammar:
 Grammatical features are acquired unconsciously as
they contribute a little to SLA (Ellis,1997)
Grammatical competence is only acquired if learners
are exposed to comprehensible and meaningful
input.

8. To teach Grammar:
Grammar facilitates the acquisition process and it is
not acquired by exposing learners to a
comprehensible input (Celce- Murcia,1991).
Grammar is significant as it helps learners to
communicate accurately and meaningfully (Widodo,
2006)

9. Outline:
Definition of Grammar
Teach or not to teach grammar
Approaches to presenting grammar
Techniques for teaching grammar

10. The deductive approach – rule driven
learning:
Deductive approach is defined as a process that
proceeds from the presentation of a rule by a
teacher to the provision of examples in which
the rule is applied.
GENERAL RULE -> EXAMPLES -> PRACTICE

11. Advantages of a deductive approach:
straight to the point
Time saving
Efficeint and clear
Rules can be quickly explained
little demaned on teachers planing
Ensures correct interpretation
Guarantee a Sense of safety

12. Disadvantages of a deductive
approach:
May be off-putting for some students
Teacher centred at the expence of students
involvement.
Explanation is seldom memorable
Such an approach encourages the belief that learning
a language is simply a case of knowing the rules.
Encorage laziness

13. Example:
Present continuous
 Form: subject +am /is/are/+verb+ing
 Examples:
I am drinking coffee right now
We are having breakfast
It is raining outside

14. The inductive approach – the rule-
discovery path:
inductive approach is dfined as a process where
learners discover the grammar rules themselves by
examining the examples provided by the teacher
EXAMPLES > PRACTICE > GENERAL RULE

15. The advantages of inductive approach:
Trigers curiousity
Ensures a great degree of cognitive depth
Ensures longer memorability
 Learners are actively involved, attentive and
motivated
Favors problem solving abilities
Conductive to learner autonomy

16. Disadvantiges of inductive approach:
Time and energy consuming
Danger of hypothesing the wrong rule
Heavy demand on teachers planning
Often frustrating for learners

17. Example:
Look at the following sentences :
 He talks to tourists
 She writes letters
 We always go to school
 It is raining here
There is a final s on the verbs with certain subjects. what are they?
He/She/It = s
We/You/They = no s
Now apply the rule:
 I see/sees ahmed everyday
 He call/calls me on the phone
 They come/comes to my house on weekand

18. Outline:
Definition of Grammar
Teach or not to teach grammar
Approaches to presenting grammar
Techniques for teaching grammar

19. Presentation stage:
Timelines
Objects
Written texts
Stories
 Drawing
 Dialogues
 Demonstration
 Actions

20. Practicing stage:
 Drilling
1.simple drilling 3.substitution drilling
2.true sentences 4.transformational drilling
 Dialogues
 Picture dictation
 Growing stories
 Written exercises
 Flashcards
 Picture description

22. Use stage:
Interviews
One question behind
Where am I
Board game