The document discusses various principles and strategies for teaching. It begins by defining strategy as the art and science of directing activities to achieve objectives in teaching or win battles. It then discusses several principles of teaching, including learning as an active process, using multiple senses enhances learning, the importance of a non-threatening atmosphere, how emotion increases retention, connecting lessons to students' lives, and considering varied learning styles and intelligences. The document then outlines different teaching strategies such as active learning, collaborative learning, critical thinking strategies, experiential learning, games/simulations, and learner-centered teaching. It provides examples of how to implement various strategies based on principles like brain-based learning, individualized teaching, and using different media.

1. PRINCIPLES AND STRATEGIES OF

2. Introduction:
“in order to win a battle, you have to
STRATEGIZE”……..

3. Strategy means…
 The Art and Science of directing and
controlling the movement and activities of
the army. If the Strategy is GOOD, we can
get VICTORY over our enemies.
 In TEACHING , strategy means a
PROCEDURES and METHODS by which
objectives of teaching are realized in the
class.

4. Do we give our students
knowledge or help them
discover it themselves?

5. Let us recall the different
principles that are related
to teaching

6. 1. Learning is an active
Process
 Engaging our learners in learning activities
 Giving our students varied activities for
“hands-on – minds on learning”.
According to a research….
…the most effective approaches resulting in
75% and 90 % retention rates respectively are
learning by doing and learning by teaching
others…

8. 2.The more senses that are
involved in learning, the
more and the better the
learning.

9. It only means that..
 Based on the graph we can say that.,
WE LEARN MORE with WHAT WE SEE than
with What we Simply Hear…
*The use of a multi- sensory aids is a plus…

10. 3. A non- threatening
atmosphere enhances
learning

It includes
• Physical condition of a classroom
• Psychological climate of the learning area
- offshoot of a teachers personality and
his/her relationship with the students

11. 4. Emotion has the power to
increase retention and
learning
 The more emotionally involved our students
become in our lesson, the greater the impact

12. 5. Learning is meaningful
when it is connected to
students everyday life
 Connecting the lesson to students everyday
lives
 Making students learning more meaningful
by giving sufficient examples related to
students experiences.
 Avoiding the so-called “banking system of
education”.

13. 6.Good teaching goes beyond
recall of information
 Develop the students HOTS or Higher Order

•
•
•
•
Thinking Skills by giving emphasis on his
creative and critical thinking ability.
Ideally , teaching should reach the levels of
Application
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation

14. 7. Good Teaching considers
learners varied learning
styles and learners
multiple intelligences
 Teaching strategies should be varied
depending on each student needs.
 Imposing our learning style may jeopardize
learning.

15. In order to achieve an
effective teaching
strategy.
It should be
INTEGRATED

17. WHICH IS WHICH??

18. Strategies based on

19. 1. ACTIVE LEARNING
-Anything that students do in a classroom other than merely
passively listening to a teachers lecture
- research shows that active learning improves students
understanding and retention of information and can be very
effective in developing higher order cognitive skills ( ex.
problem solving and critical thinking)

20. Question and
Answer Pairs
Student
Summaries
Ice Breakers
Rotating Chair
Discussions
Focused
Listing
Two
Column
Method
EXAMPLES OF
ACTIVE LEARNING
STRATEGIES
Corners
Roundtable
Scenarios/Case
Studies
Reciprocal
Questioning
Think/Pair/Share
Write/Pair/Share
Problem-Based
Learning
One Minute
Paper/Free
Write
Shared
Brainstorming
Numbered
Heads
Together
Jigsaw
Teamwork

21. COLLABORATIVE/
COOPERATIVE
LEARNING
CRITICAL THINKING
DISCUSSION STRATEGY
- This are instructional approaches in which
students work together in small groups to
accomplish a common learning goal
- This is a collection of mental activities that
include the ability to intuit, clarify, reflect,
connect, infer, and judge
Engaging students in discussion deepens their
learning and motivation by propelling them to
develop their own views and hear their own
voices. A good environment for the interaction
is the first step in encouraging students to talk

22. EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING
GAMES/ EXPERIMENTS/
SIMULATIONS
HUMOR IN THE
CLASSROOM
This is an approach to education that focuses on
“learning by doing” on the participants
subjective experience. Educator s role is to
design direct experiences that include
preparatory and reflective exercises
This can be used nowadays and could enable
students to solve real-world problems in a
safe environment and enjoy themselves while
doing so.
Using humor in the classroom can enhance
students learning by improving understanding
and retention

23. LEARNER- CENTERED
TEACHING
LECTURE
STRATEGIES
SOCIAL NETWORKING
TOOLS
It means the student is the center of learning. The
student assumes the responsibility for learning
while the teacher play the role of a facilitator.
Most common way of strategy wherein students get
the information directly from the teacher. It does not
hold the students attention for very long
This enables a teacher to engage students in
new and different means of communication

24. TEACHING WITH
CASES
WRITING
ASSIGNMENTS
It present students with real life problems and enable
them to apply what they have learned in the
classroom to real life situations.
It can provide an opportunity for the students to
apply critical thinking as well as help them to learn
subject content

25. STRATEGIES OF TEACHING ACCORDING TO GLORIA
SALANDANAN, et. Al.

26. 1. INTEGRATED TEACHING USING THE THREE –
LEVEL STRATEGY
VALUES
CONCEPTS
FACTS

27. 2. INTEGRATED TEACHING
LEARNING STYLE – MULTIPLE
INTELLIGENCE- BASED STRATEGY
Noticing and
responding to
other feelings and
personalities
Listening, Singing,
playing
instrument
Setting goals,
Interpersonal
assessing
personal
abilities/liablities,
monitoring one s
Intrapersonal
thinking
Representing Ideas
visually,creating mental
images (drawing)
Musical
Spatial
8 Multiple
Intelligences
Verbal-linguistic
Speaking,writing,listening,
reading
Logical - Mathematical
Naturalists
Bodily-Kinesthetic
Identifying/classifying
living things and natural
objects
Activities requiring strength,
speed, flexibility, hand eye
coordination, balance
Finding patterns, making
calculations, forming –
testing hypotheses using
scientific method,
inductive/deductive
reasoning

28. INTELLIGENCE
EXAMPLE OF CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
Verbal Linguistic
Discussions, debates,journal writing,conferences,essays,stories,poems,storytelling,listening activities, reading
Logical Mathematical
Calculations, experiments,comparisons,number games, using eveidence, formulating/testing hypothesis, deductive
and inductive reasoning
Spatial
Concept maps,graphs, charts, art projects,metamophorical thinking,visualization,videos,slides,visual presentations
Bodily- Kinesthetic
role playing,dance, athletic activities,manipulatives,hands on demonstrations,concept miming
Musical
playing music,singing,rapping,whistling,clapping,analyzing sounds and music
Interpersonal
community involvement projects,discussions,cooperative learning,team games
peer tutoring,conferences,social activities, sharing
Intrapersonal
student choice,journal writing,self evaluation,personal instruction,independent study,discussing feelings
reflecting
Naturalist
ecological field trips, environmental study, caring for plants and animals
outdoor work, pattern recognition

29. DIFFERENT LEARNING STYLES
(According to Hanson and Silver)
1. THE SENSING-THINKING (ST) or Mastery Learner
prefers to learn by
a. seeing tangible results
b. practicing what he has learned
c. following directions at a time
d. being active rather than passive
e. knowing exactly what is expected of her, how well the task must be done and why
Learns best through
DRILL
DEMONSTRATION
PRACTICE
HANDS ON EXPERIENCE
2. THE INTUITIVE THINKING (NT) or Understanding Learner)
prefers to learn by
a. studying about ideas and how things are related
b. planning and carrying out a project of his own making and interest
c. arguing or debating a point based on logical analysis
d.problem solving that requires collecting, organizing and evaluating data
Learns best through
LECTURES
READING
LOGICAL DISCUSSIONS AND DEBATES

30. 3. THE SENSING- FEELING ( SF) Interpersonal Learner
prefers to learn by
a. studying about things that directly affect peoples lives rather than impersonal facts or theories
b.receiving personal attention and encouragement from his teachers
c. being part of a team-collaborating with other students
d. activities that help her learn about herself and how she feels about things
Learns best
through
GROUP EXPERIENCE AND PROJECTS
LOVING ATTENTION
PERSONAL EXPRESSION AND PERSONAL ENCOUNTERS
ROLE PLAYING
4. THE INTUITIVE FEELING (NF) or Self Expressive Learner
prefers to learn by
a. being creative and using his imagination
b. plannning and organizing her work in her own creative ways
c. working on a number of things at one time
d. searching for alternative solutions to problems beyond those normally considered
e. dicussing real problems and looking for real solutions
Learns best through
CREATIVE AND ARTISTIC ACTIVITIES
OPEN ENDED DISCUSSIONS OF PERSONAL AND SOCIAL VALUES
ACTIVITIES THAT ENLIGHTEN AND ENHANCE- MYTHS, HUMAN ACHIEVEMENT, DRAMAS, ETC.

31. 3. BRAIN BASED STRATEGIES
 1. Involving Students in Real life or authentic
problem solving
-relevance and practical application of
what they have learned from school
 2. Using Projects to increase meaning and
motivations
 3.Simulations and Role Plays as meaning
makers

32. Brain Based- Strategies
 4.Classroom Strategies Using Visual
Processing
- Using of visual aids for learning retention and
understanding
Ex.
Venn Diagram

33. Graphic
Organizers for
Classification

34. Descriptive Pattern Organizer
(Fact storming Web)

35. Time Sequence Pattern Organizer
Event
Event
Event
Concept Pattern Organizer
Event

36. Brain based strategies
 5. Songs, jingles and raps
 6. Mnemonic Strategy – assist student in
recalling important information ( ex.
Recalling number of days each month using a
rhyme)
 7. Writing Strategies- make students write
their own problem and to be solve by their
classmates or using incomplete statement

37. Brain based strategies
 8. Peer teaching
- Make student teach each other ( ex. Pair,
Think, Share)
- 9. Active review – instead of the teacher
conducting the review, students are given
their turn.
- 10. Hands on activities – Concrete experience
that makes long lasting neural connections.

38. INDIVIDUALIZED TEACHING
STRATEGIES
 1. Independent Study – students undertake




own investigation of an area of interest.They
gain insights on how to learn on their own
2. Interest Learning Centers- it requires
allotment of space where students can
investigate, read or observe
3. Problem Solving
4. Journal writing
5. Projects

39. Individualized Teaching
Strategy
 6. Collection- students collect materials with




instructional or aesthetic value
7. Special reports
8. Discovery
9. Reading
10. Student Research

40. TEACHING WITH MEDIA
STRATEGY
 1. Audio – Visual
 2. Bulletin Boards
 3. Chalkboard
 4. Charts
 5. Realia
 6.Mock up
 7. Model
 8. Picture
 9. Books

41. DON’T FORGET TO REMEMBER
 Positive reinforcements such as rewards and
praises, and acknowledgements to further
motivate and encourage students
participation and enthusiasm towards
learning
 Proper planning of lesson of lesson and goal
setting
 Open mindedness and Creativity
 Patience

42. Thank you for listening!!!!!!!!!