TCP/IP
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This document provides an overview of the TCP/IP and HTTP protocols. It describes TCP/IP as a standardized protocol used widely on the Internet that maps to a four-layer model consisting of network interface, internet, transport, and application layers. The layers contain independent protocols like IP, TCP, UDP, HTTP, and FTP. HTTP is specifically defined as a stateless protocol where a web client makes a request over TCP, the server responds with content, and the connection is typically closed.
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The document provides an overview of the TCP/IP model, describing each layer from application to network. The application layer allows programs access to networked services and contains high-level protocols like TCP and UDP. The transport layer handles reliable delivery via protocols like TCP and UDP. The internet layer organizes routing with the IP protocol. The network layer consists of device drivers and network interface cards that communicate with the physical transmission media.
CN-OSI-TCP-Models-001.pdf
This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts including the OSI and TCP/IP models. It describes the seven layers of the OSI model from physical to application layer and their responsibilities. It also summarizes the four layers of the TCP/IP model from network interface to application layer. The document compares the two models and explains that while they cover similar topics, the TCP/IP model does so with fewer layers and is more practical for locating specific protocols.
Network management
This document discusses network management and its key components of fault management, configuration management, accounting management, performance management, and security management. It provides details on fault management, configuration management, and performance management. Fault management detects, isolates, and resolves problems to minimize downtime. Configuration management maintains information about network components. Performance management measures network utilization to regulate users and ensure service level agreements are met. It also discusses the TCP/IP protocol model and its layers including physical network, data link, internet, transport, and application layers.
Osi model
Power point presentation on osi model.
A good presentation cover all topics.
For any other type of ppt's or pdf's to be created on demand contact -dhawalm8@gmail.com
mob. no-7023419969
Please help!!!I can change a link layer protocol and the applicati.pdf
Please help!!!
I can change a link layer protocol and the application layer protocol does not need to know or be
made aware of the change. Explain why?
Solution
Answer :-
The protocols are like a pile of building blocks stacked one upon another. Because of this
appearance, the structure is often called a stack or protocol stack.
A layer does not define a single protocol it defines a data communications function that may be
performed by any number of protocols. Therefore, each layer may contain multiple protocols,
each providing a service suitable to the function of that layer. For example, a file transfer
protocol and an electronic mail protocol both provide user services, and both are part of the
Application Layer.
1) Application Layer :-
The Application Layer is the level of the protocol hierarchy where user-accessed network
processes reside. In this text, a TCP/IP application is any network process that occurs above the
Transport Layer. This includes all of the processes that users directly interact with as well as
other processes at this level that users are not necessarily aware of.
2) Presentation Layer :-
For cooperating applications to exchange data, they must agree about how data is represented. In
OSI, the Presentation Layer provides standard data presentation routines. This function is
frequently handled within the applications in TCP/IP, though TCP/IP protocols such as XDR and
MIME also perform this function.
3) Session Layer :-
As with the Presentation Layer, the Session Layer is not identifiable as a separate layer in the
TCP/IP protocol hierarchy. The OSI Session Layer manages the sessions (connections) between
cooperating applications. In TCP/IP, this function largely occurs in the Transport Layer, and the
term “session” is not used; instead, the terms “socket” and “port” are used to describe the path
over which cooperating applications communicate.
4) Transport Layer:
Much of our discussion of TCP/IP is directed to the protocols that occur in the Transport Layer.
The Transport Layer in the OSI reference model guarantees that the receiver gets the data exactly
as it was sent. In TCP/IP, this function is performed by the Transmission Control Protocol
(TCP). However, TCP/IP offers a second Transport Layer service, User Datagram Protocol
(UDP), that does not perform the end-to-end reliability checks.
5) Network Layer :-
The Network Layer manages connections across the network and isolates the upper layer
protocols from the details of the underlying network. The Internet Protocol (IP), which isolates
the upper layers from the underlying network and handles the addressing and delivery of data, is
usually described as TCP/IP’s Network Layer.
6) Data Link Layer :-
The reliable delivery of data across the underlying physical network is handled by the Data Link
Layer. TCP/IP rarely creates protocols in the Data Link Layer. Most RFCs that relate to the Data
Link Layer discuss how IP can make use of existing data link protocols.
7) Physi.
TCP/IP-Protocol Suite-Simple Explanation
This document provides an overview of the TCP/IP model and its layers:
1) The application layer allows applications to access networked services and contains high-level protocols like HTTP, SMTP, and FTP. It uses both TCP and UDP depending on reliability needs.
2) The transport layer delivers application data using TCP and UDP, choosing the protocol based on reliability requirements. TCP provides error checking while UDP does not.
3) The internet layer handles data routing using IP. ICMP and IGMP are also used at this layer.
4) The network interface layer consists of device drivers and network interface cards that handle physical communication over cables or other media.
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TCP/IP
- 1. TCP/IP layer Prepared by: Sohrab Jahish
- 2. TCP/IP model TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol: model is a kind of internet protocol for transferring the data. The TCP/IP model: consists of five layers: application layer, transport layer, network layer, data link layer and physical layer.
- 3. TCP/IP layers: 1: Physical layer 2: Data link layer 3: Transport layer 4: Network layer 5: Application layer
- 4. 1: Physical layer It specifies the characteristics of the hardware to be used for the network. Example: Network Devices
- 5. 2: Data link layer The data link layer is responsible for moving frames from one node to another. The data-link layer also provides error control and “framing.” Examples: Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) framing.
- 6. 3: Transport layer The transport layer breaks the data into segment, The breaking the data into pieces is called segmentation.
- 7. 4: Network layer In the network layer, the TCP/IP model supports internetworking protocol in short known as IP. The IP uses four protocols internally: ARP(Address Resolution Protocol ), RARP(Reverse Address Resolution Protocol ), ICMP(Internet Control Message Protocol) & IGMP(Internet Group Message Protocol)
- 8. 5: Application layer •This is the top most layer of TCP/IP model. •It is used for interaction between user and application. • There are several protocols used by the application layer for user interaction such as: HTTP, SNMP, SMTP, DNS, TELNET, FTP etc.