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Marjorie M.K. Hlava
President and Chief Scientist
Access Innovations, Inc.
Taxonomy 101
2. Overview of the
Presentation
Why build a taxonomy?
What is a taxonomy?
What are the standards?
Where are taxonomies used?
What are the parts of a taxonomy?
How do you build one?
How do you implement one?
Review
3. Why build a taxonomy?
Leverage your data
Search, precision, and recall
Websites
Discoverability and findability
Data mashups
Data trends and visualization
Repackaging and repurposing data
Author and entity disambiguation
7. What is a Taxonomy?
ANSI/NISO Z39.19-2005
controlled
“A collection of controlled vocabulary terms
organized into a Yes!
hierarchical structure.”
Missing:
equivalence, homographic, and associative relationships
and notes
Copyright © 2009 - Access Innovations, Inc.
8. A taxonomy is a
knowledge organization system
Uncontrolled list Not complex
Name authority file
Synonym set/ring
Controlled vocabulary
Taxonomy
Thesaurus
Ontology
Semantic network Highly complex
Copyright © 2009 - Access Innovations, Inc.
9. A Thesaurus is a
Knowledge Organization System
Controlled vocabulary KOS
Focus on conceptual classes, not specifics
Hierarchy – implicit if not displayed
Parent-child relationships
Various display formats may be available
Network of relationships between terms guides
user to find information Long
Cousins, friends, aliases
Scope notes, term history established
More elaborate and informative standards
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10. Thesaurus defined –
ANSI/NISO Z39.19-2005
“A controlled vocabulary arranged in a known order
and structured so that the various
[equivalence, homographic, hierarchical, and
associative] relationships among terms are displayed
clearly and identified by standardized relationship
indicators. Relationship indicators should be employed
reciprocally.
“Its purpose is to promote consistency in the indexing of
content objects, especially for postcoordinated
information storage and retrieval systems, and to
facilitate browsing and searching by linking entry
terms with terms. Thesauri may also facilitate the
retrieval of content objects in free text searching.”
Copyright © 2009 - Access Innovations, Inc.
11. Structure of
controlled vocabularies
Lists Synonyms Taxonomy Thesaurus Ontology
INCREASING COMPLEXITY and CONTROL
Ambiguity Ambiguity Ambiguity
Synonym Synonym Synonym
Hierarchy Hierarchy Hierarchy
Relationships Additional kinds of
relationships
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12. Taxonomy? Thesaurus?
Often used interchangeably
Thesaurus is a taxonomy with extras
Related Terms
Non-preferred Terms (USE/Used for)
Scope Notes
more
Use the word your audience understands
Avoid confusion with Roget’s Thesaurus
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13. Where can I get
taxonomy standards?
www.niso.org
Z39.19 (2010) Controlled Vocabularies
www.ISO.ce
ISO 25964 parts 1 and 2
www.bsi.uk.co
www.w3c.org
14. Web Ontology Language
OWL
W3C Recommendation 10 February 2004
http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/Rec-owl-guide-20040210/
http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/Rec-owl-ref-20040210/
http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/Rec-webont-req-20040210/
Continuing updates
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15. Taxonomy Thesaurus
view Term Record
view
Copyright © 2005 - Access Innovations, Inc.
16. Where are taxonomies used?
• In “indexing” or categorizing, as subject metadata
• In search
• In content management systems
• In SharePoint
• In mashups
• In social networking sites
• In author tagging
• In filtering data – e.g., spam filters and RSS feeds
• In web crawlers
17. Why the excitement?
Makes information findable!
Cut search time by 50% - The Weather Channel
Organizes web sites
Provides better online help
Customer support 30x more costly than web self-service
(Forrester Research "Tier Zero Customer Support" 1999)
18. Taxonomies in business
“The High Cost of Not Finding Information”
Time wasted searching
Confusion about same information by different name
Similar/overlapping activities, products, uses
(Susan Feldman, KMWorld, March 2004)
With a unified taxonomy and consistent indexing:
Better searching or browsing to locate information
More efficient content management
Focused content collection through web spidering
Personalized content delivery
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19. Good Search
must have…metadata
Inverted
Searchable Index File
Index
Taxonomy
Hierarchical Display Thesaurus
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20. Metadata
The fields
The elements
Class codes
Title
Author
Plaintiff
Product
subject / topic
Meta Name Keywords in HTML
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22. Basic taxonomy
/ thesaurus features
• Hierarchy structure
– Broader Terms = more general concepts
– Narrower Terms = more specific concepts
• Related Terms = conceptual cousins
• Term equivalents = synonyms
• Classification options
• Scope notes
• Other elements as needed
Copyright © 2009 - Access Innovations, Inc.
23. What are the parts? The term
record
= subject term, heading, node,
category, descriptor, class
Main Term (MT)
Top Term (TT) TAXONOMY
Broader Terms (BT)
Narrower Terms (NT) ONTOLOGY
Related Terms (RT) THESAURUS
See also (SA)
Non-Preferred Term (NP)
Used for (UF), See (S)
Scope Note (SN)
History (H)
Copyright © 2009 - Access Innovations, Inc.
24. How do you build one?
From scratch?
Adoption of existing
Term registries
Taxonomy Warehouse
Other resources
Combination
25. Define subject field
Review representative collection of content
Determine:
Core areas
Peripheral topics Sociology
Psychology
Education
Law
Scope can be modified later
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26. Before you go on: Build or
buy?
• Survey existing thesaurus/taxonomy
resources for your domain
• Test for
– Scope
– Depth
• Make-or-break terms
– Cost
Don’t reinvent the wheel!
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27. Build a taxonomy – simple
steps
• Get paper and pencil
– Sharpen pencil
• Define subject field
• Collect terms
• Organize terms
• Fill in gaps
• Flesh out and interrelate terms
You’re done!
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28. Your taxonomy /
thesaurus end product
• Reflects
– scope of your concern
– degree of precision you need
• Facilitates
– data storage and retrieval by vocabulary control
– discovery of ideas
• Promotes learning
– preferred terminology
– relationships among concepts
– organized guide to your field
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29. How do you choose terms?
Importance in the subject area
Use in the literature, by the organization
or community
Necessary degree of specificity or detail
Relationship with other controlled
vocabularies
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30. Vocabulary control – why?
“Eliminating ambiguity and compensating for
synonymy through vocabulary control
assures that each term has only one
meaning and that only one term can be
used to represent a given concept or
entity. … Ambiguity occurs in natural
language when a word or phrase (a
homograph or polyseme) has more than
one meaning. ” (ANSI/NISO Z39.19-2005)
Copyright © 2009 - Access Innovations, Inc.
31. One term / one concept
“Terms in a thesaurus should represent
simple or unitary concepts…”
(ISO standard)
“Each term included in a controlled
vocabulary should represent a single
concept (or unit of thought). A single concept
is frequently expressed by a single-word
term but in many cases a multiword term is
required to represent the concept.”
(ANSI/NISO Z39.19-2005)
Copyright © 2009 - Access Innovations, Inc.
32. Vocabulary control – how?
Use unambiguous terms, clear to the user
group
Distinguish between terms that appear
similar
Use Scope Notes when necessary
Use terms as elements that can be
coordinated in a flexible manner
Create compound terms if necessary
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33. A “term” synonym ring
Term
Descriptor Node
Category Subject heading
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34. So what’s a concept?
• “A unit of thought, formed by mentally
combining some or all of the
characteristics of a concrete or
abstract, real or imaginary object.
Concepts exist in the mind as abstract
entities independent of terms used to
express them.”
• Three main categories
– Abstract concepts
– Concrete entities
– Proper nouns
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35. Concrete entities as terms
• Things and their physical parts
– primates
• head
– buildings
• floors
• Materials
– cement
– wood
– lead
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36. Abstract concepts as terms
• Actions and events
– evolution, skating, management, ceremonies
• Abstract entities
– law, theory
• Properties of things, materials, and
actions
– strength, efficiency
• Disciplines and sciences
– physics, meteorology, mathematics
• Units of measurement
– pounds, kilograms, miles, meters, nanoseconds
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37. Proper nouns as terms
Individual entities – “classes of one” –
expressed as proper nouns
San Francisco, Lake Michigan
Thesaurus standards exclude proper names,
persons, and trade names authority files.
Taxonomies include them as final nodes.
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38. Collect terms
Your documents and databases
Departmental terminology
Text books and their indexes
Book tables of contents and indexes
Journal quarterly indexes
Encyclopedias
Lexicons, glossaries on the topic
Web resources
Users and experts
Search logs
Copyright © 2009 - Access Innovations, Inc.
39. Gather terms from search
logs
“Beyond the Spider: The Accidental
Thesaurus”
(Richard Wiggins in Information Today, Oct 2002)
Top ~100 search terms from search logs
Match to web site with appropriate answer
Basis for favorites or best bets, presented at the top of
results list.
(AKA behavior-based taxonomy)
Not a thesaurus or taxonomy,
but still a useful source of terms.
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40. Organize terms – roughly
Sort terms into several major categories –
logical groups of similar concepts as Top
Terms
Identify core areas and peripheral topics
10 – 20 to start
Consider moving proper names to authority files
Result: loose collection of terms under
several main headings
Rough and tentative – see how it fits as you go
Initial gap analysis
Add / modify / delete as needed
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41. Usefulness of a term –
the “duh” factor
• Some terms are so basic for a domain that
they have little or no value
– “Sports” in Sports Illustrated
– “Technology” in Technology Review
– “Golf” in Golf Magazine
– “Information science” and “Information technology”
• How useful will the term be for indexing?
– Does the term apply to everything in the domain?
– Does the term distinguish important concepts?
– If term is needed, specify limited use conditions in
Scope Note
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42. Hierarchy structures –
variations on a theme
• Not pre-determined
– Subcategorize wines first by type, variety, region,
then cost? Or first by cost and then type?
• Varies by user group and needs
– May have multiple views of same content
– Standard alpha view or customized notation
• Affects information architecture, i.e., how
web site functions
Copyright © 2005 - Access Innovations, Inc.
43. How do terms relate?
Hierarchical relationships
-- Parents and their children TAXONOMY
Equivalence relationships
THESAURUS
-- Aliases
Associative relationships
-- Cousins
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44. Hierarchical relationships
Broader Term represents the class,
whole, or genus
Narrower Term is a member, part, or
species
Generic relationship
Whole-part relationship
Instance relationship
BTs/NTs have a reciprocal relationship
Hyponym - Hypernym
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45. Broader to Narrower Terms
Politics
Elections
Presidential elections
Gubernatorial elections
Mayoral elections
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46. Hierarchy – Generic
(genus-species) relationship
Inheritance or inclusion – what’s true of
the parent (BT) is true for all children
(NTs)
Applies to
entities, actions, properties, agents – not
just biological taxonomies
Value Thinking Heat treatment
Cultural value Contemplation Annealing
Economic value Divergent thinking Decarburization
Moral value Lateral thinking Hardening
Social value Reasoning
Copyright © 2009 - Access Innovations, Inc. Tempering
47. Generic relationship test – 1
• Both terms in same fundamental category
• “All-and-some” test
Rodents
SOME ALL
Squirrels
Pests
SOME NOT ALL
Squirrels
Consider concepts of marketing and advertising
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48. Generic relationship test – 2
Rodents
Squirrels Pests
ALL squirrels are rodents
x NOT ALL squirrels are pests
x NOT ALL pests are rodents
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49. Hierarchy –
Whole-part relationship
• Also known as meronymy or partonymy
• Four types allowed in thesaurus standards
– Body systems and organs
• Ear Middle ear
– Geographical locations
• Bernalillo County Albuquerque
– Fields of study
• Geology Physical geology
– Hierarchical social structures
• Ontario Manitoulin District
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50. Hierarchy –
Instance relationship
General category (common noun) as BT,
with individual example (proper noun) as
NT
Seas French cathedrals
Baltic Sea Chartres Cathedral
Caspian Sea Rheims Cathedral
Mediterranean Sea Rouen Cathedral
Essentially identical to “final node” in taxonomies
Copyright © 2009 - Access Innovations, Inc.
51. Polyhierarchical relationship
• Term can logically fit under more than one
Broader Term – can have Multiple Broader
Terms (MBT)
• Part of ISO standards, new to ANSI/NISO
Spoons Forks
Sporks Sporks
Nurses Health administrators
Nurse administrators Nurse administrators
Finance Careers
Accounting Accounting
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52. Equivalence relationship
• Preferred Term
– Thesaurus term and valid for indexing
– Thesaurus notation: USE
• Non-Preferred Term
– Not valid for indexing
– An alias or imposter
– Entry point, directs user to Preferred Term
– Thesaurus notation: UF or NPT
Spiders Plant pathology
UF Arachnids USE Phytopathology
Copyright © 2009 - Access Innovations, Inc.
53. Equivalence – when to use
Synonyms, slang, quasi-synonyms
Scientific and trade names
Ibubrofen UF Motrin™
Lexical variants
Fiber optics UF Fibre optics
Mouse UF Mice
Upward posting of narrow concepts not specified
in taxonomy or thesaurus
Social class UF Elite, Middle class, Working class
Get equivalent terms from search logs, brainstorming…
Copyright © 2009 - Access Innovations, Inc.
54. Associative relationship
Related Terms (RTs) – cousins
“…terms related conceptually but not
hierarchically, and are not part of an equivalence
set” (i.e. not synonyms)
Both terms are valid thesaurus terms for
indexing, and have reciprocal relationship
Expands user’s awareness, reflects thesaurus
coverage of unanticipated areas
Standards describe specific types (see Appendix)
Copyright © 2009 - Access Innovations, Inc.
55. Sibling rivalry and facets
Format and sense of sibling Narrower Terms
should be consistent
If siblings don’t coexist well, separate them
Subdivide large groups of terms into facets,
mutually exclusive subcategories
Growing demand with faceted navigation
Facet examples
Properties, Materials, Agents, Actions, Influence
Objects, Styles and periods, Color, Shape
(Art & Architecture Thesaurus)
Copyright © 2009- Access Innovations, Inc.
56. Scope Notes (SN)
Indicate meaning of the term in the context of
this thesaurus, for this audience
Stress – Metal, Psychological, Physiological
Indicate any restriction in meaning
Indicate range of topics covered
Provide direction for indexers; for terms often
confused, may suggest an alternative term
Use only as needed – not for every term
Establish and stick with consistent format
Be concise
Copyright © 2009 - Access Innovations, Inc.
57. Talk about terms
• Term format
• Grammatical issues
• Singular and plural forms
• Spelling
• Abbreviations and acronyms
• Capitalization
• Other punctuation
• Consistency
Copyright © 2009 - Access Innovations, Inc.
58. Term format
• KISS – Keep it short and simple
– 1-2-3 words
• Effect on search
• Factoring, Postcoordination (coming)
• Grammatical issues
– Nouns and noun phrases
– Verbish things
– Adjectives
– Adverbs
– Initial articles
Copyright © 2009 - Access Innovations, Inc.
59. Most terms are nouns
Nouns or simple noun phrases
Adj + Noun – Art history (ANSI/NISO standard)
Noun + Prep + Noun – History of art (ISO standard)
Exceptions – Burden of proof, Coats of arms,
Prisoners of war, Birds of prey, etc.
Copyright © 2009 - Access Innovations, Inc.
60. Compound and Factored Terms
“Terms in a thesaurus should represent
simple or unitary concepts…” (ISO standard)
“Compound terms should be factored
(split) into simple elements…” (ANSI/NISO
standard)
Nice in theory…
often unworkable
Copyright © 2009 - Access Innovations, Inc.
61. **Compound terms
are precoordinated**
Elements are put together to specify a concept at
the indexing stage
Can’t change the parts
Water pollution
Library science
Television influence on preschoolers
Chicken dinner with turnips and rutabagas –
no substitutions of menu items!
Copyright © 2009 - Access Innovations, Inc.
62. Precoordination positives
User expectations – Rapid transit
Occurs commonly in data, splitting would be odd
Reflects a single concept for the audience
Better accuracy – captures specific
concepts precisely
Fewer false drops
Term information is retained
(Related Terms, NonPreferred Terms, Scope Notes, etc.)
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63. Precoordination negatives
Poorer total recall
Term proliferation
Combinations and permutations increase
thesaurus size
Higher cost
Limited flexibility in expressing new
concepts
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64. Postcoordination
pros and cons
Higher recall
Lower cost
Greater flexibility – enables expression of new
concepts through novel combinations
Lower accuracy, some false drops
Library science NOT = Library + Science
Art museums NOT = Art + Museums
Postcoordination is implicit in most searches
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65. About “and”
Avoid “and” in terms – not a single concept
Instead of: Children and television
Factor and postcoordinate
USE Media influence + Television + Children
And is not in the standard
In real life—need for granularity may dictate your choice
Copyright © 2009 - Access Innovations, Inc.
66. So far you’ve got
• Hierarchy
• Complete term records
– Broader and Narrower Terms
• Polyhierarchies when needed
– Preferred/Non-Preferred Terms
(equivalence relationships)
– Related Terms (associative relationships)
– Scope Notes
– Correct term format
– Compound terms when needed
Copyright © 2009 - Access Innovations, Inc.
67. Notation
• Symbols (numerals, letters, hyphens, colons, etc.)
– 1: Apples
• 1.1: Granny Smith
• 1.2: Winesap
• Adjunct to verbal expression of term
• May represent another kind of ordering of sibling
terms (non-alphabetic)
– Chronological, positional, numeric sequence, or other
logical sequence for user group
– Same terms presented differently for different user groups,
different purposes
• Secondary to verbal concept organization
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68. Review, edit, test, edit,
use, edit, and maintain, i.e. edit
Review Edit and maintain
Users Add term
Expert reviewers Change existing term
Test Change term status
Index 500+ documents Delete term
(more for variable writing Add term relationship
style; fewer for strict Delete term relationship
style) Add/modify Scope Note
Monitor search log Change overall structure
Consider automated / assisted indexing software
Copyright © 2009 - Access Innovations, Inc.
69. When do you add more
terms?
On demand
When usage changes
Stewardess – flight attendant
As the field evolves
8 changes to 64 colors
In Use
Don’t freeze waiting for perfection
Copyright © 2009 - Access Innovations, Inc.
70. Methodology and Workflow
Enrich Content
Build and maintain
via
Thesaurus
Data Harmony
(Software and Services) Enhanced
M.A.I.
Documents:
Source Material
Tagged XML
Choose the
Vocabularies Terms Subjects
Documents People
Content Places
Full Text Style and Articles Etc.
HTML, PDF, Spelling Proceedings
Data Feeds,
Search logs
Web Pages
etc. Conference
Craft
Hierarchical Abstracts
Etc.
Additional
Structure
Databases:
Non-hierarchical Authors
Relationships: Experts
Synonyms Etc.
Related Terms
Refine the Evaluate and Manage Thesaurus
Rulebase
71. How do I implement a
taxonomy?
In search
In a web site
In indexing
In other ways
72. Taxonomy and System Integrations
Document Search
repository SEARCH Presentation
Full CMS Perfect Search Layer
text, HTML, P Lucene, MarkLogi
Documentum c Website
DF, data feeds
SharePoint SQL etc.
Oracle
MarkLogic
Metadata Client
Inline
Extractor Taxonomy
Tagging
M.A.I. Rule
Base Thesaurus
Master
73. Parts of Search
Search software
Inverted Index
Search algorithms
Presentation layer
Search box
Autocompletion
Related and narrower terms
Hierarchical display
74. Outline of Presentation
1 Define key terminology
Creating
2 Thesaurus tools
an
Features
Inverted Functions
File 3 Costs
Index Thesaurus construction
Thesaurus tools
4 Why & when?
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75. Simple Inverted File Index
& key
1 of
2 outline
3 presentation
4 terminology
construction thesaurus
costs tools
define when
features
why
functions
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76. Complex Inverted File Index
Example 1
key - L2, P2, H
& - Stop of - Stop
1 - Stop outline - L1, P1, T
2 - Stop presentation - L1, P3, T
3 - Stop terminology - L2, P3, H
4 - Stop thesaurus - (1) - L3, P1, H
construction - L7, P2, SH (2) - L7, P1, SH
costs - L6, P1, H (3) - L8, P1, SH
define - L2, P1, H tools - (1) - L3, P2, H
features - L4, P1, SH (2) - L8, P2, SH
functions - L5, P1, SH when - L9, P3, H
why - L9, P1, H
Copyright © 2009 - Access Innovations, Inc.
77. The Portal View -
MediaSleuth
Use all options for search
Traditional Search
Taxonomy
Rule Base
79. Taxonomy Thesaurus
view Term Record
view
82. Search Presentation Layer
The Hierarchical view of the thesaurus is
also a browse able view of the content.
The numbers include the number of hits
1. For the term
2. For the branch
83. Taxonomy Thesaurus
view Term Record
view
84. Web Taxonomies –
Changing faces
….and how the information is delivered
From current site
To new version
Depends on TAXONOMY
Personalization
Feeding ads
Consistent information
89. Improve Search: www.mediasleuth.com
Autocompletion Using the
Taxonomy
Guide the
User
Navigate
the full
Taxonomy “Indispensable for anyone trying to identify
“Tree” instructional media for teaching.” – CHOICE
Magazine
90. Link to Society Resources
CME
Upcoming
Other Activity on
Conference
Journal Topic A
on Topic A
Articles on
Topic A
Job Posting
Journal for Expert
Article on on Topic A
Topic A
Grant Available Podcast Interview
for Researchers with Researcher
Working on Working on Topic A
Topic A
CONFIDENTIAL
93. Authors at a place
MASHUP locations to a
GPS grid of an area
98. More Like This - Recommender
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention Related Press Releases
•How What and How Much We Eat (And Drink) Affects Our
Vol. 12, 161-164, Risk of Cancer
February 2003 •Novel COX-2 Combination Treatment May Reduce Colon
© 2003 American Association for Cancer Research Cancer Risk Combination Regimen of COX-2 Inhibitor and
Fish Oil Causes Cell Death
Short Communications •COX-2 Levels Are Elevated in Smokers
Alcohol, Folate, Methionine, and Risk of Incident Breast Cancer in the
American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II NutritionRelated AACR Workshops and Conferences
Cohort
Heather Spencer Feigelson 1, Carolyn R. Jonas, Andreas S. •Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research
•Continuing
Robertson, Marjorie L. McCullough, Michael J. Thun and Eugenia E. CalleMedical Education (CME)
•Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics
Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance Research, American Cancer
Society, National Home Office, Atlanta, Georgia 30329-4251 Related Meeting Abstracts
•Association between dietary folate intake, alcohol intake, and
methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and A1298C
Recent studies suggest that the increased risk of breast cancer associated
polymorphisms and subsequent breast
with alcohol consumption may be reduced by adequate folate •Folate, folate cofactor, and alcohol intakes and risk for
intake. We
examined this question among 66,561 postmenopausal women in the adenoma
colorectal
American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition•Dietary folate intake and risk of prostate cancer in a large
Cohort.
prospective cohort study
Related Working Groups Think Tank Report
•Finance Related Think Tank Report Related Education Book Content
•Charter Content Oral Contraceptives, Postmenopausal
•Molecular Epidemiology Hormones, and Breast Cancer
Physical Activity and Cancer
Webcasts Hormonal Interventions: From Adjuvant Therapy to
Related Webcasts Breast Cancer Prevention
Related Awards
•AACR-GlaxoSmithKline Clinical Cancer Research Scholar Awards
•ACS Award
•Weinstein Distinguished Lecture
99. Thesaurus Resources
• American Society for Information Science and Technology
– www.asis.org/
• ANSI/NISO Standard Z39.19-1993
– www.niso.com
• Australian Society of Indexers
– www.aussi.org/
• Data Harmony
– www.dataharmony.com
International Society for Knowledge Organization
http://www.iskouk.org/index.htm
Networked Knowledge Organization Systems
http://nkos.slis.kent.edu/
• SLA Taxonomy Division
– SLA Taxonomy and Metadata (wiki.sla.org/display/SLATAX/Home)
• Taxonomy Community of Practice
Copyright © 2009 - Access Innovations, Inc.
100. Readings –
Thesaurus Construction
Thesaurus Construction and Use a Practical Manual. Fourth
edition has taxonomy information
http://www.alibris.com/search//search/search.cfm?wauth=Aitchi
son%2C%20Jean%20Gilchrist%2C Aitchison, Jean -
Gilchrist, Alan - Bawden, David
NISO Z39.19 (2005) standard NOT the 2003
http://www.asindexing.org/site/thesbuild.shtml American Society
for Indexers - a good practical approach
Books about the process also include the ones listed here
http://www.asindexing.org/site/bibliog.shtml
There is also a series of white papers and other information on
the web site at www.dataharmony.com
SLA Taxonomy Division
Copyright © 2009 - Access Innovations, Inc.
101. Review
Why build a taxonomy?
What is a taxonomy?
What are the standards?
Where are taxonomies used?
What are the parts of a taxonomy?
How do you build one?
How do you implement one?
102. Talks upcoming
“Data Visualization” workshop at
Computers in Libraries – April 11
SLA Taxonomy Division workshop “How
to build a taxonomy” June 8
Session “How to Apply Your Taxonomy to
Your Content” Monday June 10
103. Thank you!
Marjorie M.K. Hlava*
President and Chief Scientist
Access Innovations, Inc.
mhlava@accessinn.com
505-998-0800
* Our team of 37 has built over 200 taxonomies and implemented more than
600 for enterprises, governments and not for profits. We built tools to do
the work as well and are glad to share them with you for your projects
Editor's Notes Thanks to Helen Atkins of AACR for this illustration.The real power of this is that the links can all go in all directions, so we take advantage of having the user’s attention regardless of how they step into our “web”