Issues in tagging or indexing with a taxonomy, thesaurus, or controlled vocabulary, both manual and automated.
Presented at Taxonomy Boot Camp conference 2019
Presentation given at the National Federation of Advanced Information Services (NFAIS) conference: "Improving the User Search Experience" October 2010, in Philadelphia, PA
Issues in tagging or indexing with a taxonomy, thesaurus, or controlled vocabulary, both manual and automated.
Presented at Taxonomy Boot Camp conference 2019
Presentation given at the National Federation of Advanced Information Services (NFAIS) conference: "Improving the User Search Experience" October 2010, in Philadelphia, PA
An introduction to SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System), a W3C recommendation/standard for interoperability of controlled vocabularies. Presented at Taxonomy Boot Camp London 2018
An all-day version of Access Innovations' Taxonomy Fundamentals workshop, presented by Marjorie M.K. Hlava and Bob Kasenchak at the 2014 Special Libraries Association (SLA) annual meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia on June 7, 2014.
Organizing Knowledge: A Knowledge Manager’s Primer to Taxonomy DevelopmentArt Schlussel
Organizing Knowledge - A Knowledge Manager’s Primer to Taxonomy Development
Attribution: Thanks to Patrick Lambe, author, Organising Knowledge: Taxonomies,
Knowledge and Organizational Effectiveness, Chandos Publishing 2007 for much of the content in this presentation.
The use of indexed Subjects to search, discover, or filter in library subscription databases of articles, such as those of Gale, presented at "Computers in Libraries" conference April 18, 2018.
Detailed information on the operation of the Data Harmony Machine Aided Indexer module from Access Innovation’s, Inc. Presented by Alice Redmond-Neal and Jack Bruce at the 2012 Data Harmony User Group meeting on February 7, 2012 at the Access Innovations, Inc. offices.
Taxonomies are essential to making the web "go". Information architects and content strategists can use and promote taxonomy within their organizations to increase findability and usability of a website. Learn more about taxonomies and see some great examples.
Oskar Kindvall (second) lecture on Tuesday, Sept 15, 2009, for the Biodiversity Informatics Course, a Swedish Taxonomy Initiative (Svenska Artprojektet) course at the Swedish Natural History Museum, Stockholm, supported by the Swedish Species Service (ArtDatabanken) and the Swedish GBIF node.
ISO 25964: Thesauri and Interoperability with Other VocabulariesMarcia Zeng
ISO 25964: Thesauri and Interoperability with Other Vocabularies + IFLA Guidelines for Multilingual Thesauri + A KOS Resource Application Profile. Presented at 2009 NKOS Workshop.
This is a high-level summary of three important ways to help people find information. The slides were presented at Vera Rhoades' information architecture class at the University of Maryland.
An introduction to SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System), a W3C recommendation/standard for interoperability of controlled vocabularies. Presented at Taxonomy Boot Camp London 2018
An all-day version of Access Innovations' Taxonomy Fundamentals workshop, presented by Marjorie M.K. Hlava and Bob Kasenchak at the 2014 Special Libraries Association (SLA) annual meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia on June 7, 2014.
Organizing Knowledge: A Knowledge Manager’s Primer to Taxonomy DevelopmentArt Schlussel
Organizing Knowledge - A Knowledge Manager’s Primer to Taxonomy Development
Attribution: Thanks to Patrick Lambe, author, Organising Knowledge: Taxonomies,
Knowledge and Organizational Effectiveness, Chandos Publishing 2007 for much of the content in this presentation.
The use of indexed Subjects to search, discover, or filter in library subscription databases of articles, such as those of Gale, presented at "Computers in Libraries" conference April 18, 2018.
Detailed information on the operation of the Data Harmony Machine Aided Indexer module from Access Innovation’s, Inc. Presented by Alice Redmond-Neal and Jack Bruce at the 2012 Data Harmony User Group meeting on February 7, 2012 at the Access Innovations, Inc. offices.
Taxonomies are essential to making the web "go". Information architects and content strategists can use and promote taxonomy within their organizations to increase findability and usability of a website. Learn more about taxonomies and see some great examples.
Oskar Kindvall (second) lecture on Tuesday, Sept 15, 2009, for the Biodiversity Informatics Course, a Swedish Taxonomy Initiative (Svenska Artprojektet) course at the Swedish Natural History Museum, Stockholm, supported by the Swedish Species Service (ArtDatabanken) and the Swedish GBIF node.
ISO 25964: Thesauri and Interoperability with Other VocabulariesMarcia Zeng
ISO 25964: Thesauri and Interoperability with Other Vocabularies + IFLA Guidelines for Multilingual Thesauri + A KOS Resource Application Profile. Presented at 2009 NKOS Workshop.
This is a high-level summary of three important ways to help people find information. The slides were presented at Vera Rhoades' information architecture class at the University of Maryland.
Taxonomy and folksonomy
reference: Heather Hedden taxonomist /ontologist book- the accidental taxonomist-metadata strategies for web and internal content management
The Role of Taxonomy and Ontology in Semantic Layers - Heather Hedden.pdfEnterprise Knowledge
Heather Hedden, Senior Consultant at Enterprise Knowledge, presented “The Role of Taxonomy and Ontology in Semantic Layers” at a webinar hosted by Progress Semaphore on April 16, 2024.
Taxonomies at their core enable effective tagging and retrieval of content, and combined with ontologies they extend to the management and understanding of related data. There are even greater benefits of taxonomies and ontologies to enhance your enterprise information architecture when applying them to a semantic layer. A survey by DBP-Institute found that enterprises using a semantic layer see their business outcomes improve by four times, while reducing their data and analytics costs. Extending taxonomies to a semantic layer can be a game-changing solution, allowing you to connect information silos, alleviate knowledge gaps, and derive new insights.
Hedden, who specializes in taxonomy design and implementation, presented how the value of taxonomies shouldn’t reside in silos but be integrated with ontologies into a semantic layer.
Learn about:
- The essence and purpose of taxonomies and ontologies in information and knowledge management;
- Advantages of semantic layers leveraging organizational taxonomies; and
- Components and approaches to creating a semantic layer, including the integration of taxonomies and ontologies
These slides walk students through the basic steps of using GALILEO Discover to begin a search. Activities encourage students to find articles in an intitial search to refine their topic. Then brainstorm and apply new keywords to a search.
As we design for complex information environments, taxonomy design and user experience must collaborate with more depth and understanding in order to create a truly usable experience.
Every search system offers a variety of features and special search techniques, and rarely are any two systems searched exactly the same way. There are, however, some common search strategies that you can use for databases and other systems.
How to make your content users more productive using Access Innovations, Inc.'s Navtree and Machine Aided Indexer (M.A.I.™), parts of the Data Harmony® software suite.
Introduction to Knowledge Graphs for Information Architects.pdfHeather Hedden
There is a growing interest in knowledge graphs to organize information and make it findable in organizations with large amounts of data and content. Unlike other data technologies, a knowledge graph has a structure that is typically based on a taxonomy and ontology, and thus should involve information architects. Knowledge graphs also have more benefits than information findability, including discovery, analysis, and recommendation. Knowledge graphs bring together content and data.
An enterprise knowledge graph involves a change in thinking about information and its access. Instead of designing information architecture in individual applications, an intranet, or website, a knowledge graph extracts data and links to content that exists in multiple different applications and repositories, linking them in a web or graph-like structure by means of customized, semantic relationships.
Thesauri for Indexing Support / Thesauri zur Unterstützung der Registererstel...Heather Hedden
The benefits and uses of thesauri for indexing and information retrieval.
Die Vorteile und Verwendungen von Thesauri für die Registererstellung (Indizierung) und das Abrufen von Informationen. (Bilingual / Zweisprachige)
Mapping, Merging, and Multilingual TaxonomiesHeather Hedden
SLA 2012 conference presentation sponsored by the Taxonomy Division at SLA Chicago July 16 and re-presented at the New England Chapter on October 13, 2012.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
GridMate - End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid...ThomasParaiso2
End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid regressions. In this session, we share our journey building an E2E testing pipeline for GridMate components (LWC and Aura) using Cypress, JSForce, FakerJS…
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...
Taxonomies in Support of Search
1. 1
Taxonomies in support of search
Taxonomy Boot Camp London
17 October 2018
Presented by
Heather Hedden
Senior Vocabulary Editor
Gale, A Cengage Company
2. ▪ Controlled vocabulary editor at a library database vendor, Gale,
a Cengage company, 1996 – 2004, 2014 – present
▪ Taxonomy consultant
▪ Author, The Accidental Taxonomist (Information Today, Inc.)
▪ Instructor, 5-week online course in taxonomy creation
▪ ISO and NISO index/controlling vocabulary working group member
▪ North American representative for BARTOC (Basel Register of Thesauri,
Ontologies & Classifications)
About Heather Hedden
2
3. ▪ Trends in taxonomy implementation and end-user display
▪ Taxonomy for browsing
▪ Taxonomy to be searched on
▪ Facets and post-search refinements
▪ Options in searching on taxonomies
▪ Different types of search on taxonomy
▪ Displayed and nondisplayed taxonomy terms
▪ Alternative labels / synonyms / nonpreferred terms
▪ Benefits of taxonomies over search alone
Outline
3
4. 1. Originally, full taxonomy hierarchical browse or thesaurus alphabetical
browse.
Search was separate from browse and from taxonomies.
2. Full large taxonomies came to be displayed less.
Search on taxonomy terms.
3. Search on more than just the taxonomy terms.
Search on a combination of taxonomy terms and words in titles, texts, etc.
(default keyword/basic search).
4. Faceted taxonomies – combining search and limited browsing.
Especially with smaller taxonomies.
5. Large taxonomies/thesauri also integrated into faceted displays.
Taxonomy terms as post-search filters.
Trends in taxonomy implementation and display
4
14. 14
Trends: Facets
Issues with faceted taxonomy
▪ Content needs to be of a uniform type sharing the same set of multiple facets
➢ Examples: employees, colleges, films, music, clothing products,
museum artifacts
▪ Controlled vocabularies for each facet should be small to display well.
➢ A large subject thesaurus or multi-level taxonomy cannot easily be
browsed.
➢ A large topic taxonomy could be the first step, with facets for further
refinement.
15. 15
▪ A display of taxonomy terms that have been used to index the content
items in the search result set (not all taxonomy terms).
▪ A display of selected terms from the taxonomy, not the taxonomy itself.
▪ Any relationships between terms are not indicated.
▪ Displayed in order of usage frequency of the search result set.
Suitable when a large taxonomy or thesaurus does not fit into a facet.
Trends: Taxonomy terms to refine post-search results
20. ▪ Different types of search on taxonomy
▪ Displayed taxonomy terms in type-ahead or search-suggest
▪ Alternative labels / nonpreferred terms / synonyms
Taxonomy search options
20
21. Types
▪ Exact
▪ Contains
▪ Begins
▪ Smart
Implementations
▪ Exact – option if there is a type-ahead display of terms
▪ Contains – also called phrase search. Can be done with quotation marks.
▪ Begins – option if there is a type-ahead display of terms
▪ Smart – sometimes the default, if no other options, and terms are not
displayed
Taxonomy search options: Different types of search on terms
21
– exact match
– exact match phrase with additional words before or after
– alphabetical from start, but allows end truncation
– words within the term in any order and also internal word
stemming (singular/plural)
24. ▪ “Synonyms” are very important in helping
users find desired content.
▪ Synonyms are especially important if the
taxonomy is not fully displayed.
▪ Synonyms are displayed in back-end view of
the taxonomy for taxonomists and indexers,
but rarely displayed for end-users
▪ Type-ahead/search suggest could make use of
synonyms without displaying them.
Taxonomy search options: Alternative labels/nonpreferred terms/synonyms
24
25. ▪ Synonyms are rarely displayed for end-
users.
▪ Users who enter synonyms are often
taken directly to the indexed content.
▪ Preferred term matches to synonyms
typed in by users may be
proposed/shown to the users.
▪ If the taxonomy is not displayed at all,
not even in type-ahead, then no
preferred label is needed. All labels for
a concept are synonyms.
➢ Called “synonyms ring” or “search
thesaurus”
Taxonomy search options: Alternative labels/nonpreferred terms/synonyms
25
https://designnotes.blog.gov.uk/wp-
content/uploads/sites/53/2017/04/location-picker-
general-lq.gif
26. Preferred term (Data security) matched to synonym entered by user (cybersecurity) proposed/shown to the user
27. ▪ Indexing and retrieval based on concepts, not just words/phrases improves
search results in both precision (accuracy) and recall (comprehensiveness)
▪ Taxonomy terms allow limiting/filtering search by topic.
▪ Broader categories/terms allow users to choose a broad subject first and
then limit by other metadata.
▪ Relationships between terms allow users to explore related topics.
▪ Subjects displayed on search results (post-search) allow users to refine and
focus their searches by precise topic or explore related topics.
▪ Taxonomies support the indexing of nontext content (images, video, audio).
▪ Multilingual taxonomies support accurate search and retrieval across
multilingual content.
Benefits of taxonomies over search alone
27
28. ▪ The growing size of taxonomies and thesauri may make full displays
impractical.
▪ Searching on the taxonomy is an important end-user feature.
▪ There are different methods for searching on and displaying taxonomy
terms.
▪ Faceted taxonomies combine search and browse functions, and are useful
for many but not all content and taxonomy implementations.
▪ Taxonomy terms as post-search filters are especially suitable when
taxonomies are too large for full display browsing.
▪ Taxonomies have many benefits over search alone.
Conclusions
28
29. Heather Hedden
Senior Vocabulary Editor
Gale, A Cengage Company
Boston, MA U.S.A.
www.cengage.com, www.gale.com
www.cengage.co.uk, www.gale.cengage.co.uk
heather.hedden@cengage.com
blog.gale.com/subject-searching
Questions/Contact
29