The document discusses the key aspects of thesauri including their purpose, structure, types of relationships displayed, and evaluation criteria. Specifically, it notes that a thesaurus provides a standardized vocabulary for information retrieval by displaying hierarchical (e.g. broader and narrower terms) and equivalence (e.g. synonyms) relationships between terms. It also discusses how terms are organized in a thesaurus and criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of a thesaurus.
Features of the Dewey Decimal Classification. 16. Decimal ... The UDC is peculiar in the sense that it consists of a combination of both enumerative and analytical scheme.
RDA (Resource Description and Access) is a new standard for describing library resources, designed to replace AACR2. Library staff, including public services, systems personnel, and catalogers, may have heard mention of RDA but not know much about it or how it will change their daily work. You may have many questions. What is RDA? We'll give a very little bit of history and theoretical background. What is this going to mean for catalogers, ILS managers, and users in the near term? What are the future implications, or, why are we doing this? What are the juicy bits of controversy in cataloger-land? And finally, Do we HAVE to? We'll talk for a while, have some activities that get you thinking, and find out your thoughts on RDA.
Presented at "Captains & Crew Collaborating," the 8th annual paraprofessional conference at J.Y. Joyner Library, East Carolina University.
Features of the Dewey Decimal Classification. 16. Decimal ... The UDC is peculiar in the sense that it consists of a combination of both enumerative and analytical scheme.
RDA (Resource Description and Access) is a new standard for describing library resources, designed to replace AACR2. Library staff, including public services, systems personnel, and catalogers, may have heard mention of RDA but not know much about it or how it will change their daily work. You may have many questions. What is RDA? We'll give a very little bit of history and theoretical background. What is this going to mean for catalogers, ILS managers, and users in the near term? What are the future implications, or, why are we doing this? What are the juicy bits of controversy in cataloger-land? And finally, Do we HAVE to? We'll talk for a while, have some activities that get you thinking, and find out your thoughts on RDA.
Presented at "Captains & Crew Collaborating," the 8th annual paraprofessional conference at J.Y. Joyner Library, East Carolina University.
Canons of cataloguing are the specific normative principles applicable to cataloguing that is Drafting a catalogue code including the formulation of each rule. Interpretation of the rules to meet new situation brought out by a particular document or by the change in the practice of book production
This PPT contain details of Z39.50 and useful for Library Science students. This protocol used for information retrieval and in the end list of different types of protocols are given.
Library automation refers to the implementation of information and communications technologies (ICT) in the libraries and information centres for replacing manual library operations. The term automation is used for any process which is done through input and output operation. Library automation system includes maintenance of large bibliographical database. The status of library automation depends on Interaction between human and computer to accomplish various tasks of the library automation systems. In order to provide and also to enable the records in the database. The international standards for bibliographic description of library automation system uses sophisticated software tools and standard to index search and display information from the database created.
A comparative analysis of library classification systemsAli Hassan Maken
We use classification each & every moment of the life by intentionally or unintentionally. Classification has always been the backbone of all Library operations and without it, library is definitely going to suffer in its recourse and to find a particular piece of information from unorganized heap of knowledge is almost impossible. The library classification is core instrument for organizing and retrieval of the documents stored in a library. At present era they are the navigation tools for locating and retrieving documents in more precisely and relevantly. The electronic versions of the DDC and UDC and other classification schemes make it possible to realize the potential of library classification to improve subject retrieval.
Introduction to MARC
History (MARC to MARC 21)
Why MARC 21/Need of MARC 21
Characteristics
Design principle for MARC 21
MARC 21 Documentation
MARC 21Record System
MARC 21 Communication formats
MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data
Component of bibliographic record
Communication Standard
Mapping of MARC 21
MARC 21 Translation
Maintenance Agency
MARC 21 Regulation
Advantage of MARC 21
Problems with MARC 21
Future of MARC 21
Canons of cataloguing are the specific normative principles applicable to cataloguing that is Drafting a catalogue code including the formulation of each rule. Interpretation of the rules to meet new situation brought out by a particular document or by the change in the practice of book production
This PPT contain details of Z39.50 and useful for Library Science students. This protocol used for information retrieval and in the end list of different types of protocols are given.
Library automation refers to the implementation of information and communications technologies (ICT) in the libraries and information centres for replacing manual library operations. The term automation is used for any process which is done through input and output operation. Library automation system includes maintenance of large bibliographical database. The status of library automation depends on Interaction between human and computer to accomplish various tasks of the library automation systems. In order to provide and also to enable the records in the database. The international standards for bibliographic description of library automation system uses sophisticated software tools and standard to index search and display information from the database created.
A comparative analysis of library classification systemsAli Hassan Maken
We use classification each & every moment of the life by intentionally or unintentionally. Classification has always been the backbone of all Library operations and without it, library is definitely going to suffer in its recourse and to find a particular piece of information from unorganized heap of knowledge is almost impossible. The library classification is core instrument for organizing and retrieval of the documents stored in a library. At present era they are the navigation tools for locating and retrieving documents in more precisely and relevantly. The electronic versions of the DDC and UDC and other classification schemes make it possible to realize the potential of library classification to improve subject retrieval.
Introduction to MARC
History (MARC to MARC 21)
Why MARC 21/Need of MARC 21
Characteristics
Design principle for MARC 21
MARC 21 Documentation
MARC 21Record System
MARC 21 Communication formats
MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data
Component of bibliographic record
Communication Standard
Mapping of MARC 21
MARC 21 Translation
Maintenance Agency
MARC 21 Regulation
Advantage of MARC 21
Problems with MARC 21
Future of MARC 21
Abstract:
A growing number of resources are available for enriching documents with semantic annotations. While originally focused on a few standard classes of annotations, the ecosystem of annotators is now becoming increasingly diverse. Although annotators often have very different vocabularies, with both high-level and specialist
concepts, they also have many semantic interconnections. We will show that both the overlap and the diversity in annotator vocabularies motivate the need for semantic annotation integration: middleware that produces a unified annotation on top of diverse semantic annotators. On the one hand, the diversity of vocabulary allows applications
to benefit from the much richer vocabulary available in
an integrated vocabulary. On the other hand, we present evidence that the most widely-used annotators on the web suffer from serious accuracy deficiencies: the overlap in vocabularies from individual annotators allows an integrated annotator to boost accuracy by exploiting inter-annotator agreement and disagreement.
The integration of semantic annotations leads to new challenges, both compared to usual data integration scenarios and to standard aggregation of machine learning tools. We overview an approach to these challenges that performs ontology-aware aggregation. We
introduce an approach that requires no training data, making use of ideas from database repair. We experimentally compare this with a supervised approach, which adapts maximal entropy Markov models to the setting of ontology-based annotations. We further experimentally compare both these approaches with respect to ontology-unaware
supervised approaches, and to individual annotators.
The JTHES as Part of the Intelligence Layer for the Sustainability Collection...Access Innovations, Inc.
Presented at the 2015 Data Harmony User Group Meeting in Albuquerque, New Mexico on February 17, 2015 by Ron Snyder and Sharon Garewal of ITHAKA Labs.
The JSTOR Sustainability Collection, which will launch in 2015, is composed of journals, reports, and working papers selected in consultation with scholars, policy researchers, and subject librarians. The collection features journal titles from academic publishers, scholarly societies, and industry groups, as well as a substantial library of indexed reports and working papers from leading research institutes and university centers. It addresses the emerging interdisciplinary discussion about how the environment and human activities and economic gains can be made durable over the long term. Along with this broad set of content, the collection will feature specialized functionality to support research in this emerging field, including a semantic indexing feature that helps researchers locate related terms and concepts that may have varying names across disciplines.
Ron Snyder, ITHAKA Labs Director of Research and Development, and Sharon Garewal, Senior Metadata Librarian, will discuss how the JSTOR Thesaurus (JTHES) was applied as part of the intelligence layer for the Sustainability collection prototype. This includes adding a facet for sustainability within the JTHES to tag terms as part of the collection, working with SME's across disciplines, and applying the curated terms into a live data portal.
Presentation at the 2015 Digital Harmony Users Group workshop describing the use of the JSTOR thesaurus in the prototyping of new discovery tools for a future sustainability collection.
The evolution of knowledge has imposed branching into disciplines that use terms understood “correctly” only by experts. Globalisation, howecer, favours cross-disciplinary and transparent communication. Universities appear to be institutions that carry the responsibility for initiating projects aiming at disambiguation of scientific English language.
Slides presenting a paper published in the proceeding of 22nd International Conference on Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information & Engineering Systems (KES 2018), Belgrade, Serbia
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Text Analysis – Current Educational Philosophy Issue Your Text a.docxmehek4
Text Analysis – Current Educational Philosophy Issue
Your Text analysis assignment is an analysis of a current philosophy of education issue. The selected text must have been constructed within the past year. The assignment requires that you make links between your chosen text, concepts, videos, and readings from the course. The purpose of the exercise is to help you to critically examine the way how text inscribe meanings that influence how we conduct education in this country. You may do this paper with a partner.
GUIDELINES
All papers must be typed and should be between 3 to 5 pages long.
Use the handout on Text Analysis while working to make sure all criteria are met. If you work with a partner, only one paper is required. The grade the paper achieves will be assigned to both students.
The format for the paper should be analytic, interpretive, and normative – do not mix up the order of the three perspectives. These perspectives must be clearly delineated in your paper in order to ensure full credit.
It is essential that you remember that this is an analysis and not a report. As such, your goal is to analyze the text not “re-describe” it. Remember! This is not a book report or a “text” description.
Restrict your analysis to a few themes of the text (preferably the main theme), focus on how the argument was constructed and how the text informs education in contemporary society. Utilize course concepts, videos, written texts, quotes, paraphrases, readings, discussion, etc. to help ground your ideas. Failure to do so will result in a weak, one-sided paper.
If you work with a partner, note where you disagree (on what and why). Not everyone shares the same position.
Refer to the "Worksheet on Reading Texts" handout below for explicit questions to guide you in the text analysis.
Worksheet For Reading Text
To really “read” a text, as opposed to just decoding it, requires the reader to construct meaning from the text. To help you in this process, you should attempt to answer at least the following questions for each text? ANALYTIC READING
1. What is the major argument (conclusions) presented in the text?
a. What is the author/speaker trying to convince you?
2. What is the evidence presented to support that claim (Premise)?
3. Is the argument implicit or explicit?
4. Is it an empirical (facts, statistics, etc.), analytical (concepts and definitions) or normative (making a moral claim) argument?
5. What type of reasoning does the author employ (inductive or deductive)?
6. How is the argument presented, i.e. what rhetorical devices are used to make the argument (narrative, metaphors, visual imagery, imagery, ideographs, euphemisms, rhetorical questions, labels, etc.)?
7. Are you able to detect any fallacies in the argument? INTERPRETIVE READING
1. When was the text made?
2. What was going on around that time that might have influenced the writing of this text or the way audiences interpreted it?
3. What might those who r ...
Co-word analyses study the co-occurrence of pairs of items (for example, keywords) that are representative in a document, to identify relations between the ideas presented in the
texts.
Should libraries discontinue using and maintaining controlled subject vocabul...Ryan Scicluna
An assignment discussing the use of Controlled Vocabulary against the ides of social tagging in metadata (Folksonomy). This assignment was part of the requirements for the class: Classification and Subject Indexing for the Diploma in Library in Information Science.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
2. The word `thesaurus' comes from Greek
term `thesauros' meaning a storehouse or
treasury of words.
Quotes its use in 1736 as a treasury or
store house of knowledge.
Thesaurus was first conceived by Peter
Mark Roget, who brought out in 1825 his
thesaurus of “English words and Phrases”.
3. A compilation of words and phrases
showing synonyms and hierarchical and
other relationships and dependencies, the
function of which is to provide a
standardized vocabulary for information
storage and retrieval systems.
(Rowely,1992)
A thesaurus is a book of words that shows
relationship among the words it contains.
(Allen Kent)
4. To provide standard vocabulary for a given subject
area by exercising control on the vocabulary of terms
used in an indexing language.
To provide an aid to indexers in selecting term(s) for
describing the subject matter of documents.
To help users to formulate their queries precisely.'
To provide display of-relationships between terms to
facilitate the conduct of a comprehensive search
systematically.
To provide a system of references between terms
which will ensure that only one term from a set of
synonyms is to be used both for indexing and
searching.
5. 1. Descriptors
2. Non descriptors
3. Relationship between terms
i. Hierarchical relationship
ii. Non-Hierarchical relationship
6. „ The terms that have been defined for use
by the thesaurus.
For use in indexes.
Descriptor should be nouns, either single
nouns, noun phrases or nouns with
qualifiers indicated in parentheses
8. Š A non-descriptor, also called forbidden
term, is a term designating a concept very
close to that represented by a descriptor.
Š It contains a reference to the
corresponding descriptor as the only
relationship
10. It shows the interrelationship between
concepts in a hierarchy.
It refers to super ordinate and subordinate
relationship for a concept.
This relationship may be of three types:
i. Genus-Species (Generic)
relationship
ii. Hierarchical Whole-Part relationship
iii. Instance Relationship
11. It links genus and species and represents
the basis of scientific, taxonomic system.
For Example:
Capital Markets
BT Financial Markets
Financial Markets
NT Capital Markets
12. It means that the name of a part implies
the name of its whole in any context.
For Example:
Science
NT Physical Chemistry
Physical Chemistry
BT Science
13. occurs in a particular instance, which links
proper name with common noun.
For Example:
Mountain
NT Himalayas
Himalayas
BT Mountain Regions
14. Two terms are related other than
hierarchical, the relationship may be called
non-hierarchical relationship. Two types are:
i. Equivalence (or preferential) relationship
ii. Associative (or affinitive) relationship
15. It refers to the preferred terms and
distinguishes such terms from the non-
preferred terms.
When terms are regarded as similar or almost
the same in meaning, they can be combined
with the same concept. Synonyms, near-
synonyms, and quasi-synonyms come under
this category.
The symbols used to represent these
relationships in a thesaurus are USE and OF
(Used For).
16. For Examples:
1. Popular names and scientific names
E.g. Onion/ Allium cepa
2. Variant spelling
E.g. Pray/ Prey
3. Terms from different cultures
E.g. Flat/ apartment
4. Abbreviations and full names
E.g. WHO/ World Health Organization
17. This relationship is employed to cover other
relationship between terms that are related
but are neither consistently hierarchical nor
equivalent. They are indicated by the code RT
(Related Terms).
Two types of associative relationship are:
i. Same Category e.g. Aero plane -
Helicopter
ii. Different category
e.g. Operating system - Software
18. DESCRIPTOR
(With scope note whenever needed)
Synonyms and quasi-synonyms
(displaying equivalence relationship and denoted by the relationship
indicator USE/UF (Use For)
Broader Terms
(displaying hierarchical - subordinate relationship and denoted by
BT)
Narrower Terms
(displaying hierarchical - subordinates relationship and denoted by
NT)
Related Terms
(displaying associate relationship and denoted by RT)
Top Term
(displaying hierarchical - subordinates relationship and denoted by
TT . Top term or TT is not repeated when all the descriptors belong to
the same broad class).
19. 1. Need Analysis:
The thesaurus need analysis should be done
first, whether it is really needed or not. There may be
existing thesaurus on similar subjects.
2. Gathering of Terms:
The terms are collected using two principles -
Principle of Literary warrant and Principle of User
Warrant. In the former the logic is that a term justifies
its inclusion if it is used in literature of the subject.
The method is to go through abstracting sources,
reference sources, periodical articles, etc. In the later
case, users/ subject specialists may be consulted to
gather the terms.
20. 3. Organization of Terms
To be organized into major categories and
into hierarchies within the categories. Useful
inter-hierarchical relationships should also be
delineated.
4. Organization into Hierarchies
Once the categories are identified, the next
stage is to organize each term into hierarchies.
Indexing Languages –Part I: Concepts and
Types, Subject Headings Lists and Thesauri
21. 5. Creation of Alphabetical Thesaurus
The hierarchies are established, the
classification is inserted to create alphabetical
thesaurus.
Each term becomes an entry and its
hierarchical relationships are denoted by BT
and NT. All the BT and NT terms should
reciprocate.
Similarly the non-hierarchical relationships
are shown through use, used for and related
terms (RTs).
22. 6. Presentation of Thesaurus
Each block of entries are arranged according to
requirement. It may be alphabetical, systematic (to
complement) or graphic.
7. Admission and deletion of terms
The job of inclusion of terms along with all their
relationships into the thesaurus, and their display in
the chosen format. At this stage some terms may
need to be added or deleted.
8. Evaluation
Once the thesaurus is compiled it needs to be
evaluated to assess its retrieval effectiveness.
23. 9. Review
Once the thesaurus has been compiled, it
has to be reviewed by subject experts and
modified as necessary
10. Maintenance
a thesaurus is developed, it should be
maintained properly. New terms need to
be added or deleted as the case may be.
This has to be done continuously.
24. 1. Alphabetical display:
In this form of display all indexing
terms, whether preferred or non-
preferred, are organized in a alphabetical
sequence. Each preferred term in the
following order:
i. Scope note or definition
ii. UF references to non-preferred
equivalent terms
25. iii. TT references to top-terms
iv. BT references to broader terms
v. NT references to narrower terms
vi. RT references to related terms.
Non-preferred terms are accompanied only by references
(e.g. USE) to the preferred terms.
PREFERRED TERM
SN Scope note
UF Use for
BT Broader term
NT Narrower term
RT Related term
Non-preferred term
Use PREFERRED TERM
26. MICROFORMS
SN A miniature of replica of document
UF Micro copies
BT Data media
NT Micro transparencies Micro-opaques
RT Microphotography
27. 1. Categories or hierarchies of terms
arranged according to their meanings and
logical relationships, and
2. An alphabetical index that directs the
user to the appropriate part of the
systematic section.
28. Graphic display shows the indexing
terms and their relationship in the
form of two dimensional figures,
which are supplemented by
alphabetical sections. There are
two types
1. Tree Structures and
2. Arrowgraphs
29. NAL Agriculture Thesaurus (United States National Agricultural
Library, United States Department of Agriculture)
Evaluation Thesaurus (By M. scriven)
Thesaurus of Psychological index Terms CAPA
Clinicians’ Thesaurus (By E. Zukerman)
ROGET'S Thesaurus
(http://humanities.uchicago.edu/forms_unrest /ROGET.html)
Thesaurus of Engineering and Scientific Terms (TEST)
ERIC Thesaurus for Education
Thesaurus of American Psychological Association (APA)
UNESCO Thesaurus, etc.
30. Davis and Rush propose the following criteria for
evaluating thesaurus.
Terminology: is it appropriate for the field, up-to-date
and accurate?
Scope: is it too broad or too narrow to cover the field
adequately?
Subdivisions: are there reasonable subdivisions?
Definitions and notes: are enough included for clarity?
References: are they adequate in both number and
form?
Format: is it legible?
Classification numbers: is the listing keyed to any kind
of classification scheme, if appropriate?
31. 1. To provide a map of a given field of
knowledge, which helps an indexer or a searcher to
understand the structure of the field.
2. To provide a standard vocabulary for a given
subject field.
3. To provide a system of references between terms
which will ensure that only one term from a set of
synonyms is used for indexing one concept.
4. To provide a guide for users of the systems so that
they choose the correct term for a subject search.
5. The use of terms in a given subject field may be
standardized.
32. Thesauri is a vocabulary control in an indexing
language.
It is a list of terms arranged in some meaningful
form and provides hierarchically and non-
hierarchically.
It provides control over synonyms, it distinguishes
homographs and it brings related terms.
Exert terminology control in choosing proper
headings subject cataloguing and indexing.
Increases speed of information retrieval system.
It helps for the user find out information on a
specific topic but also on related topics.