The document provides guidance on developing a Local Agenda 21 plan for the city of Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. It discusses key principles of Local Agenda 21 including participation, integration, and long-term community well-being. It then offers recommendations for the plan across many sectors such as environment, land use, housing, tourism, and public consultation. Specifically, it suggests adopting green policies and management systems, improving environmental education, setting up forums for public input, and fostering partnerships to achieve sustainable development goals.
The document is a report evaluating how to plan a hometown in accordance with Local Agenda 21. It identifies six key elements of Local Agenda 21 and evaluates each element for the hometown. Suggestions are provided to improve the elements, such as updating administration systems, promoting non-vehicle transportation, encouraging public participation, and strengthening partnerships between organizations. The overall goal is to plan sustainable urban development that meets current needs without compromising future generations.
1. Local Agenda 21 (LA21) is a community-led effort to develop a comprehensive strategy for environmental protection, economic prosperity, and community well-being at the local level through participation and integration across different spheres.
2. LA21 began at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro and calls for balancing development with sustainability. Malaysia agreed to LA21 to collaboratively plan and manage the environment through sustainable development approaches.
3. The basic approach of LA21 is bottom-up, involving local residents in identifying issues and planning solutions through activities like workshops to address challenges such as infrastructure and pollution.
The document provides an evaluation and suggestions for planning a town in accordance with Local Agenda 21. It summarizes that the quality of life in Kota Bharu is high but can be improved through better environmental health. It suggests reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving transportation options, and increasing social progress and employment opportunities to maintain economic growth. The document also notes the town's high waste generation and low recycling rates, and suggests increasing recycling centers and promoting reduction, reuse, and recovery to improve natural resource use.
KKKH4284 URBAN PLANNING OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
TASK 5 : LOCAL AGENDA
LECTURERS :
PROF. IR. DR. RIZA ATIQ ABDULLAH O.K. RAHMAT
DR NAZRI BORHAN
DR NORLIZA MOHD AKHIR
Re orienting urban-planning towards local agenda 21Ankur Bansal
The document discusses reorienting urban planning towards Local Agenda 21. It begins by defining urban planning and Local Agenda 21. It then outlines some problems with current urban planning policies, such as poor transport and industrial planning leading to pollution. Local Agenda 21 offers a participatory process to integrate sustainability into land use plans. The document proposes integrating LA21 into urban planning processes and structures through capacity building, consultation, research, and partnerships. It provides an example of this approach in Nakuru, Kenya, where issues like waste management and revenue collection were addressed.
Green zone case studies slide deck final cg (1)EdGaskin1
The document provides an overview of 20 case studies of municipal green zones/eco-districts in the United States. It examines how these zones were created and governed, as well as their policies and leadership structures. Examples discussed include the Pittsburgh EcoInnovation District, Talbot-Norfolk Triangle EcoInnovation District in Boston, Green Impact Zone in Kansas City, and Sun Valley Ecodistrict in Denver. The case studies provide lessons for establishing a green zone in Grove Hall, including the importance of community engagement, funding, partnerships, and planning.
The document discusses coordination strategies for early recovery efforts to help flood-affected communities in Batticaloa, Sri Lanka regain their livelihoods. Heavy rains in December 2010 caused devastating floods that damaged homes, infrastructure, farms and livelihoods. The strategy aims to effectively coordinate government, NGOs and community efforts to assess needs, address gaps and duplication in assistance, and support activities to restore livelihoods like agriculture, fishing and small businesses. The coordination will utilize tools like data collection, analysis, mapping, and meetings to ensure an effective early recovery response.
The document is a report evaluating how to plan a hometown in accordance with Local Agenda 21. It identifies six key elements of Local Agenda 21 and evaluates each element for the hometown. Suggestions are provided to improve the elements, such as updating administration systems, promoting non-vehicle transportation, encouraging public participation, and strengthening partnerships between organizations. The overall goal is to plan sustainable urban development that meets current needs without compromising future generations.
1. Local Agenda 21 (LA21) is a community-led effort to develop a comprehensive strategy for environmental protection, economic prosperity, and community well-being at the local level through participation and integration across different spheres.
2. LA21 began at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro and calls for balancing development with sustainability. Malaysia agreed to LA21 to collaboratively plan and manage the environment through sustainable development approaches.
3. The basic approach of LA21 is bottom-up, involving local residents in identifying issues and planning solutions through activities like workshops to address challenges such as infrastructure and pollution.
The document provides an evaluation and suggestions for planning a town in accordance with Local Agenda 21. It summarizes that the quality of life in Kota Bharu is high but can be improved through better environmental health. It suggests reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving transportation options, and increasing social progress and employment opportunities to maintain economic growth. The document also notes the town's high waste generation and low recycling rates, and suggests increasing recycling centers and promoting reduction, reuse, and recovery to improve natural resource use.
KKKH4284 URBAN PLANNING OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
TASK 5 : LOCAL AGENDA
LECTURERS :
PROF. IR. DR. RIZA ATIQ ABDULLAH O.K. RAHMAT
DR NAZRI BORHAN
DR NORLIZA MOHD AKHIR
Re orienting urban-planning towards local agenda 21Ankur Bansal
The document discusses reorienting urban planning towards Local Agenda 21. It begins by defining urban planning and Local Agenda 21. It then outlines some problems with current urban planning policies, such as poor transport and industrial planning leading to pollution. Local Agenda 21 offers a participatory process to integrate sustainability into land use plans. The document proposes integrating LA21 into urban planning processes and structures through capacity building, consultation, research, and partnerships. It provides an example of this approach in Nakuru, Kenya, where issues like waste management and revenue collection were addressed.
Green zone case studies slide deck final cg (1)EdGaskin1
The document provides an overview of 20 case studies of municipal green zones/eco-districts in the United States. It examines how these zones were created and governed, as well as their policies and leadership structures. Examples discussed include the Pittsburgh EcoInnovation District, Talbot-Norfolk Triangle EcoInnovation District in Boston, Green Impact Zone in Kansas City, and Sun Valley Ecodistrict in Denver. The case studies provide lessons for establishing a green zone in Grove Hall, including the importance of community engagement, funding, partnerships, and planning.
The document discusses coordination strategies for early recovery efforts to help flood-affected communities in Batticaloa, Sri Lanka regain their livelihoods. Heavy rains in December 2010 caused devastating floods that damaged homes, infrastructure, farms and livelihoods. The strategy aims to effectively coordinate government, NGOs and community efforts to assess needs, address gaps and duplication in assistance, and support activities to restore livelihoods like agriculture, fishing and small businesses. The coordination will utilize tools like data collection, analysis, mapping, and meetings to ensure an effective early recovery response.
The project aims to improve food security, income, and natural resource management for local communities through participatory development approaches. It targets 320,000 households in rural areas of Karak and Tafila governorates. Community participation is a core principle, with local committees involved in planning, implementing, and monitoring community action plans and annual work plans over three-year cycles. The project finances infrastructure and agricultural activities through these participatory processes to empower disadvantaged community members and strengthen local institutions.
Case study report participatory development-Rajistan IndiaRashidabdullah2014
People’s Action for Watershed Development Initiative (PAWDI) was the project, jointly funded by Government of Rajasthan (GoR) and Swedish Development Council (SDC) in the late 1990s. It was executed by Department of Watershed Development and Soil Conservation (DWD&SC) and two local NGOs, namely Tarun Bharat Sangh (TBS) and Sahyog Sansthan in two districts (Alwar & Chittogarh) in Rajasthan.
Though the project was not a success, but it led to major legislation in Rajistan, India and later provided basis for Indian "Right to Information Law"
The document discusses the importance of environmental considerations in Comprehensive Land Use Planning (CLUP) preparation. It outlines the key principles of CLUP according to the HLURB guidelines, including adopting an integrated watershed ecosystem management approach and incorporating climate change adaptation. The enhancements to the CLUP guidebook are also summarized, such as integrating public-private land use and green growth strategies. The document then discusses the principles of the Philippine Agenda 21 and National Framework for Physical Planning that the CLUP process should follow, such as ensuring ecological integrity and people's empowerment.
NPPG Seminar- Paul Watson spoken by Meredith Evans, MADE seminarDesign South East
The document provides guidance on national planning practice in the UK, including summaries of key documents and policies. It discusses the National Planning Policy Framework and guidance, with an emphasis on design, housing, sustainability, and other planning considerations. It also addresses how to approach pre-application discussions, design reviews, viability assessments, and determining planning applications in accordance with relevant policies and laws.
The document discusses integrated area development (IAD) as an environmental planning strategy used in the Philippines from the 1970s to 1986. IAD projects aimed to revitalize economically depressed areas through an integrated approach providing infrastructure and services. Major IAD projects included those in Bicol, Mindoro, Cagayan, Samar, Palawan, and Bohol. IAD distinguished itself from prior rural development through its defined geographic scope, multi-sectoral coordination, and focus on linking rural and urban areas to boost development. However, challenges included difficulties integrating diverse agency plans and gaining grassroots participation.
Public participation refers to involving stakeholders like citizens, community groups, and businesses in decision-making processes that affect them. This can occur at various levels from developing policies and strategies to planning projects. There are different stages of participation ranging from simply informing the public to allowing them to directly influence decisions. Successful participation requires clarifying goals, inviting all affected parties, allocating sufficient time and resources, and making sure participation can actually impact outcomes. Public participation is important for achieving sustainable development and building cooperation between governments and communities.
Short write up looks at the Norms and standards evolved for the use of planners in undertaking exercise for planning of human settlements at city of local level- defining the role, importance, intent, content, approach and the objectives to be achieved.. It calls for rationalisation of planning norms based on research , with the aim to make them cost-effective, land efficient, more productive and people and sustainability focus
Here are the key steps outlined in the document for analyzing the situation in the city/municipality:
1. Conduct a cross-sectoral analysis and integration of different sectors and land uses through a series of consultative workshops with key stakeholders. This helps identify potentials/advantages, priority issues/problems, and possible interventions.
2. Gather both secondary (existing plans, studies, statistics) and primary data (field surveys, key informant interviews, focus group discussions) using technical methods and participatory approaches.
3. Analyze gathered information to characterize the existing bio-physical, socio-economic, infrastructure, and institutional conditions of the city/municipality.
4. Identify development issues, potentials,
This document summarizes a project that aims to enhance sustainable land management in Sub-Saharan Africa through partnerships with civil society organizations. The project will build the capacity of CSOs to empower local communities to participate in land use policy processes and programs. It will work to strengthen CSO coordination, facilitate knowledge sharing, and recognize community innovations in sustainable land management through annual competitions. Major partners in the project include OSISA, ENDA, UNOPS/Equator Initiative, UNDP, GEF, and various governments and organizations involved in land issues.
Social environmental impacts of mining with special reference to rehabilitati...Safdar Ali
1. The document discusses the social, environmental, and economic impacts of mining projects, including impacts on population, culture, income, employment, health, and loss of assets for local communities.
2. It emphasizes the need for proper rehabilitation and resettlement policies to minimize damage and restore livelihoods. Key aspects of an effective resettlement plan include development packages, compensation, new housing and infrastructure, social integration, community participation, and environmental management.
3. A well-planned resettlement process that incorporates production-based development, compensation, community integration, and participation can help mitigate the negative impacts of displacement and support a positive response from affected communities.
Regional governance for sustainable development can be strengthened in three key ways:
1. Regional bodies like the UN Regional Commissions convene meetings to develop policy responses to regional challenges and provide guidance to national actions. They promote integration of economic, social, and environmental issues.
2. Coordination can be enhanced between regional institutions and between regional and global levels. Regional organizations address region-specific issues while supporting national implementation and informing global policymaking.
3. Moving forward, better integrating governance across the three pillars of sustainable development and analyzing links between organizations like the UN, development banks, and regional groups could improve policy coherence and complementarities in achieving sustainable development.
Brownfields: On the Road to Redevelopment nado-web
The document provides an overview of a presentation on brownfields redevelopment and financing options. It includes:
1) An agenda for the presentation that covers brownfields redevelopment, funding sources and financing options, and redeveloping for resilience.
2) Information about the presenters, which are experts from Kansas State University, Adaapta, and New Jersey Institute of Technology.
3) A discussion of the Technical Assistance to Brownfields Communities (TAB) program and the services it provides to help with brownfields redevelopment.
The document summarizes key parts of the 2012 National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) in the United Kingdom. It states that planning applications must be determined in accordance with local development plans unless material considerations indicate otherwise, and that the NPPF must be taken into account in preparing local and neighborhood plans. Sustainable development that follows an up-to-date local plan should be approved. The NPPF aims to balance economic, social and environmental roles in planning, including ensuring sufficient land for housing and business, high quality communities, and protecting the natural environment.
This report provides recommendations for integrating sustainability into Irvine's General Plan through a holistic and community-driven approach. It identifies sustainability best practices, California policies, and gaps in Irvine's current sustainability programs. Key recommendations include developing a sustainability element, water element, and sustainable food policy. The report emphasizes an inclusive planning process to address social and environmental justice through public participation, civic engagement, and regional cooperation.
The document discusses the Eco2 Cities initiative, which aims to help cities in developing countries achieve greater ecological and economic sustainability through integrated urban planning and management. It provides examples of six cities - Curitiba, Brazil; Stockholm, Sweden; Singapore; Yokohama, Japan; Brisbane, Australia; and Auckland, New Zealand - that have implemented various sustainable practices. It also outlines some of the challenges faced in applying these approaches in developing country contexts, such as limited resources, institutional barriers, and dependence on outdated models of urban planning. The document concludes by providing "stepping stones" or recommendations for cities to begin adapting the Eco2 principles to their local needs and contexts.
Best Practices in Resilience Planning to Support Economic Recovery nado-web
Many EDDs are currently in the process of spending their EDA CARES Act funding to support recovery and resilience in response to the pandemic. While the long-term economic landscape remains unclear, organizations can draw inspiration from prior examples of regions that have planned for resilience and better positioned themselves to recover from other shocks. This session at the 2020 NADO Annual Training Conference featured the best practices of three organizations that have embraced resilience planning. During this session, learn how these approaches and strategies can support your own efforts to enhance your CEDS, write resilience plans, leverage economic recovery coordinators, and overall make resilience the foundation for how you can approach planning and economic development.
Social impact assessment (SIA) includes the processes of analyzing, monitoring and managing
the intended and unintended social consequences, both positive and negative, of planned
interventions (policies, programs, plans, projects) and any social change processes involved by
those interventions ( According to the International Association for Impact Assessment).In case
of fisheries science Social Impact Assessment is a method of gauging the social and cultural
consequences of alternative fishery management actions or policies. The purpose and logic of the
SIA are the same as those for the economic and ecological elements of environmental impact
analysis and assessment. An impact assessment determines (social/cultural) conditions in areas
or populations likely to be affected by the regulatory action or policy; projects future effects of
continuing the status quo; and then estimates effects, relative to the status quo, that will result on
local, regional, and national scales if reasonable fishery management alternatives are
implemented.
The document proposes a sustainable development strategy to guide reconstruction in Lac-Mégantic following the 2013 disaster. The strategy focuses on promoting a thriving economy, encouraging social and cultural enrichment, protecting the environment, and improving mobility and transportation. It discusses sustainable development, resilience, and relevant global and provincial sustainability contexts. Key goals are to diversify the economy, develop housing and a healthy environment, enhance the environment, and improve transportation links.
Tugasan 5 bandar anda dan agenda tempatan 21Alif Asyraf
1. Pembangunan bandar Bekenu, Miri, Sarawak berkaitan erat dengan ekonomi, alam sekitar dan kesejahteraan rakyat.
2. Cadangan untuk melaksanakan Agenda Tempatan 21 termasuk memelihara ekosistem dan persekitaran semula jadi serta meningkatkan taraf hidup masyarakat.
3. Bekenu juga akan diteruskan sebagai destinasi pelancongan utama yang menawarkan tarikan seperti Pantai Tusan.
The project aims to improve food security, income, and natural resource management for local communities through participatory development approaches. It targets 320,000 households in rural areas of Karak and Tafila governorates. Community participation is a core principle, with local committees involved in planning, implementing, and monitoring community action plans and annual work plans over three-year cycles. The project finances infrastructure and agricultural activities through these participatory processes to empower disadvantaged community members and strengthen local institutions.
Case study report participatory development-Rajistan IndiaRashidabdullah2014
People’s Action for Watershed Development Initiative (PAWDI) was the project, jointly funded by Government of Rajasthan (GoR) and Swedish Development Council (SDC) in the late 1990s. It was executed by Department of Watershed Development and Soil Conservation (DWD&SC) and two local NGOs, namely Tarun Bharat Sangh (TBS) and Sahyog Sansthan in two districts (Alwar & Chittogarh) in Rajasthan.
Though the project was not a success, but it led to major legislation in Rajistan, India and later provided basis for Indian "Right to Information Law"
The document discusses the importance of environmental considerations in Comprehensive Land Use Planning (CLUP) preparation. It outlines the key principles of CLUP according to the HLURB guidelines, including adopting an integrated watershed ecosystem management approach and incorporating climate change adaptation. The enhancements to the CLUP guidebook are also summarized, such as integrating public-private land use and green growth strategies. The document then discusses the principles of the Philippine Agenda 21 and National Framework for Physical Planning that the CLUP process should follow, such as ensuring ecological integrity and people's empowerment.
NPPG Seminar- Paul Watson spoken by Meredith Evans, MADE seminarDesign South East
The document provides guidance on national planning practice in the UK, including summaries of key documents and policies. It discusses the National Planning Policy Framework and guidance, with an emphasis on design, housing, sustainability, and other planning considerations. It also addresses how to approach pre-application discussions, design reviews, viability assessments, and determining planning applications in accordance with relevant policies and laws.
The document discusses integrated area development (IAD) as an environmental planning strategy used in the Philippines from the 1970s to 1986. IAD projects aimed to revitalize economically depressed areas through an integrated approach providing infrastructure and services. Major IAD projects included those in Bicol, Mindoro, Cagayan, Samar, Palawan, and Bohol. IAD distinguished itself from prior rural development through its defined geographic scope, multi-sectoral coordination, and focus on linking rural and urban areas to boost development. However, challenges included difficulties integrating diverse agency plans and gaining grassroots participation.
Public participation refers to involving stakeholders like citizens, community groups, and businesses in decision-making processes that affect them. This can occur at various levels from developing policies and strategies to planning projects. There are different stages of participation ranging from simply informing the public to allowing them to directly influence decisions. Successful participation requires clarifying goals, inviting all affected parties, allocating sufficient time and resources, and making sure participation can actually impact outcomes. Public participation is important for achieving sustainable development and building cooperation between governments and communities.
Short write up looks at the Norms and standards evolved for the use of planners in undertaking exercise for planning of human settlements at city of local level- defining the role, importance, intent, content, approach and the objectives to be achieved.. It calls for rationalisation of planning norms based on research , with the aim to make them cost-effective, land efficient, more productive and people and sustainability focus
Here are the key steps outlined in the document for analyzing the situation in the city/municipality:
1. Conduct a cross-sectoral analysis and integration of different sectors and land uses through a series of consultative workshops with key stakeholders. This helps identify potentials/advantages, priority issues/problems, and possible interventions.
2. Gather both secondary (existing plans, studies, statistics) and primary data (field surveys, key informant interviews, focus group discussions) using technical methods and participatory approaches.
3. Analyze gathered information to characterize the existing bio-physical, socio-economic, infrastructure, and institutional conditions of the city/municipality.
4. Identify development issues, potentials,
This document summarizes a project that aims to enhance sustainable land management in Sub-Saharan Africa through partnerships with civil society organizations. The project will build the capacity of CSOs to empower local communities to participate in land use policy processes and programs. It will work to strengthen CSO coordination, facilitate knowledge sharing, and recognize community innovations in sustainable land management through annual competitions. Major partners in the project include OSISA, ENDA, UNOPS/Equator Initiative, UNDP, GEF, and various governments and organizations involved in land issues.
Social environmental impacts of mining with special reference to rehabilitati...Safdar Ali
1. The document discusses the social, environmental, and economic impacts of mining projects, including impacts on population, culture, income, employment, health, and loss of assets for local communities.
2. It emphasizes the need for proper rehabilitation and resettlement policies to minimize damage and restore livelihoods. Key aspects of an effective resettlement plan include development packages, compensation, new housing and infrastructure, social integration, community participation, and environmental management.
3. A well-planned resettlement process that incorporates production-based development, compensation, community integration, and participation can help mitigate the negative impacts of displacement and support a positive response from affected communities.
Regional governance for sustainable development can be strengthened in three key ways:
1. Regional bodies like the UN Regional Commissions convene meetings to develop policy responses to regional challenges and provide guidance to national actions. They promote integration of economic, social, and environmental issues.
2. Coordination can be enhanced between regional institutions and between regional and global levels. Regional organizations address region-specific issues while supporting national implementation and informing global policymaking.
3. Moving forward, better integrating governance across the three pillars of sustainable development and analyzing links between organizations like the UN, development banks, and regional groups could improve policy coherence and complementarities in achieving sustainable development.
Brownfields: On the Road to Redevelopment nado-web
The document provides an overview of a presentation on brownfields redevelopment and financing options. It includes:
1) An agenda for the presentation that covers brownfields redevelopment, funding sources and financing options, and redeveloping for resilience.
2) Information about the presenters, which are experts from Kansas State University, Adaapta, and New Jersey Institute of Technology.
3) A discussion of the Technical Assistance to Brownfields Communities (TAB) program and the services it provides to help with brownfields redevelopment.
The document summarizes key parts of the 2012 National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) in the United Kingdom. It states that planning applications must be determined in accordance with local development plans unless material considerations indicate otherwise, and that the NPPF must be taken into account in preparing local and neighborhood plans. Sustainable development that follows an up-to-date local plan should be approved. The NPPF aims to balance economic, social and environmental roles in planning, including ensuring sufficient land for housing and business, high quality communities, and protecting the natural environment.
This report provides recommendations for integrating sustainability into Irvine's General Plan through a holistic and community-driven approach. It identifies sustainability best practices, California policies, and gaps in Irvine's current sustainability programs. Key recommendations include developing a sustainability element, water element, and sustainable food policy. The report emphasizes an inclusive planning process to address social and environmental justice through public participation, civic engagement, and regional cooperation.
The document discusses the Eco2 Cities initiative, which aims to help cities in developing countries achieve greater ecological and economic sustainability through integrated urban planning and management. It provides examples of six cities - Curitiba, Brazil; Stockholm, Sweden; Singapore; Yokohama, Japan; Brisbane, Australia; and Auckland, New Zealand - that have implemented various sustainable practices. It also outlines some of the challenges faced in applying these approaches in developing country contexts, such as limited resources, institutional barriers, and dependence on outdated models of urban planning. The document concludes by providing "stepping stones" or recommendations for cities to begin adapting the Eco2 principles to their local needs and contexts.
Best Practices in Resilience Planning to Support Economic Recovery nado-web
Many EDDs are currently in the process of spending their EDA CARES Act funding to support recovery and resilience in response to the pandemic. While the long-term economic landscape remains unclear, organizations can draw inspiration from prior examples of regions that have planned for resilience and better positioned themselves to recover from other shocks. This session at the 2020 NADO Annual Training Conference featured the best practices of three organizations that have embraced resilience planning. During this session, learn how these approaches and strategies can support your own efforts to enhance your CEDS, write resilience plans, leverage economic recovery coordinators, and overall make resilience the foundation for how you can approach planning and economic development.
Social impact assessment (SIA) includes the processes of analyzing, monitoring and managing
the intended and unintended social consequences, both positive and negative, of planned
interventions (policies, programs, plans, projects) and any social change processes involved by
those interventions ( According to the International Association for Impact Assessment).In case
of fisheries science Social Impact Assessment is a method of gauging the social and cultural
consequences of alternative fishery management actions or policies. The purpose and logic of the
SIA are the same as those for the economic and ecological elements of environmental impact
analysis and assessment. An impact assessment determines (social/cultural) conditions in areas
or populations likely to be affected by the regulatory action or policy; projects future effects of
continuing the status quo; and then estimates effects, relative to the status quo, that will result on
local, regional, and national scales if reasonable fishery management alternatives are
implemented.
The document proposes a sustainable development strategy to guide reconstruction in Lac-Mégantic following the 2013 disaster. The strategy focuses on promoting a thriving economy, encouraging social and cultural enrichment, protecting the environment, and improving mobility and transportation. It discusses sustainable development, resilience, and relevant global and provincial sustainability contexts. Key goals are to diversify the economy, develop housing and a healthy environment, enhance the environment, and improve transportation links.
Tugasan 5 bandar anda dan agenda tempatan 21Alif Asyraf
1. Pembangunan bandar Bekenu, Miri, Sarawak berkaitan erat dengan ekonomi, alam sekitar dan kesejahteraan rakyat.
2. Cadangan untuk melaksanakan Agenda Tempatan 21 termasuk memelihara ekosistem dan persekitaran semula jadi serta meningkatkan taraf hidup masyarakat.
3. Bekenu juga akan diteruskan sebagai destinasi pelancongan utama yang menawarkan tarikan seperti Pantai Tusan.
This document discusses urban environment and development. It covers several topics:
1) The impacts of rapid urban population growth on the environment in developing countries.
2) The concept of sustainable development and its importance for urban planning.
3) Improving urban environments through public participation, governance, and policy tools.
4) Strategies for "greening the city" through urban ecology, parks, open spaces, urban agriculture, and protecting aquatic areas.
1) The document discusses implementing Local Agenda 21 in Johor Bahru, Malaysia to promote sustainable development, environmental protection, and community well-being.
2) Key elements of Local Agenda 21 include cooperation among society, private sector, and local authorities, as well as managing environmental performance, integrating sustainability, raising awareness, public consultation, partnerships, and monitoring progress.
3) The author evaluates Johor Bahru's implementation of these elements and provides suggestions such as improving environmental management systems, encouraging sustainable development policies and activities, supporting voluntary groups and public forums, and establishing targets and indicators to measure sustainability.
The document discusses the Interreg Baltic Sea Region Programme for 2021-2027. It provides an overview of the programme preparation process to date, including identifying needs, drafting a thematic framework, and gaining feedback. It then outlines three proposed topics for public consultation: 1) More innovative and resilient economies and societies, 2) Responsive public services, and 3) Sustainable water management adapted to the impacts of climate change. For each topic, it describes the proposed understanding and provides examples of potential transnational cooperation actions. The document is seeking public input on the proposed programme topics.
Sustainable construction focuses on reducing environmental impact through techniques like using low-VOC paints and formaldehyde-free plywood. It also aims to integrate energy and water efficiency into building design and operations. The key principles are to reduce consumption, reuse materials, and recycle where possible. Sustainable construction evaluates projects based on innovation, social inclusion, environmental performance, economic viability, and contextual design impact. Corporate responsibility is also important, with considerations for minimizing impacts on the environment, fair treatment of workers, community engagement, and ethical business practices.
1. The document discusses a report evaluating and providing suggestions for sustainable urban planning in accordance with Local Agenda 21 for the mayor of the hometown.
2. Local Agenda 21 aims to implement sustainable development at the local level through partnerships between local governments and communities to guide long-term strategic planning.
3. The report provides an evaluation and suggestions on maintaining economic growth and employment, increasing social progress, effectively protecting the environment, prudently using natural resources, and improving quality of life in the hometown in line with Local Agenda 21 goals.
Lesson Learned Capacity Building Phase 1Farhan Helmy
1. The document discusses capacity building for environmental management at the local government level using an urban environmental management framework and environmental management systems (EMS).
2. It describes various models for implementing EMS at the local government level, ranging from single actions to obtaining full ISO 14001 certification.
3. The document emphasizes that to effectively address urban environmental issues, local governments need to take a holistic approach that engages multiple stakeholders and considers cities as complex ecosystems rather than just as centers of population or economic activity.
Promoting Urban Green Spaces for Climate Resilienceshindejitendra210
The document outlines a student project that aims to examine the importance of urban green spaces for climate resilience. The objectives are to highlight the benefits of integrating green infrastructure into urban planning, and to explore strategies for promoting and expanding urban green spaces. The methodology includes a literature review, case studies of green infrastructure projects, and interviews with experts. The results and discussion analyze the multifaceted benefits of urban green spaces, illustrate successful case studies, and explore challenges and strategies to overcome barriers to implementing green infrastructure. The conclusion determines that promoting urban green spaces is essential for building climate-resilient cities and improving quality of life.
IRJET- Sustainable Planning Strategies and its PrinciplesIRJET Journal
This document discusses strategies for sustainable planning. It focuses on both physical and social sustainability. Physical sustainability involves providing low-cost housing using renewable resources, while social sustainability aims to generate equal opportunities across social groups. An analytical framework is presented with 6 levels to develop sustainable strategies. The levels include mapping the system, creating a vision and goals, developing strategic guidelines, defining actions, establishing tools for implementation, and making readjustments based on monitoring. The framework allows for a comprehensive approach to sustainable planning and policymaking.
Sustainable city planning aims to design cities in a way that considers social, economic, and environmental impacts without compromising future generations' ability to enjoy the same benefits. This involves minimizing energy, water, food, waste and pollution outputs. Sustainable cities benefit from dense urban living that promotes social interaction and public transit use while reducing environmental impacts. Key methods for sustainable city planning include renewable energy sources, green spaces, efficient public transport, optimal building density, urban farming, and walkable neighborhoods. Sustainable architecture, drainage systems, and transportation modes can also contribute to more sustainable urban development.
The document discusses sustainability in civil engineering and construction. It defines sustainability and sustainable development, noting that sustainable development aims to meet present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. It also discusses how sustainable construction practices can help reduce environmental impact by conserving resources and limiting pollution. Specific sustainable practices mentioned include biodiversity enhancement, community support, effective resource use, pollution reduction, and process management. The document emphasizes the important role of civil engineers in achieving sustainability goals and ensuring sustainable infrastructure and development.
The Architecture Of Sustainable BusinessLaercio Bruno
The document discusses the architecture of sustainable business. It defines architecture as the design of human environments and sustainability as meeting present needs without compromising future generations. The architecture of sustainability aims to create environments that are ecologically sound, economically viable, socially just, and culturally accepted. It then outlines several initiatives that companies can implement as part of a comprehensive sustainability policy, including energy, waste, water, and emissions management as well as stakeholder engagement and corporate governance.
Sustainable development planning for Zimbabwe bkambasha
This is not a report from City of Harare or Gvt of Zimbabwe but from just a citizen concerned about his beautiful city of Harare the SUNSHINE CITY. Sustainable development starts with us the residents of the city, private companies, visitors to the city and finally the government. Look around our beautiful city how we have done to it, it needs us "each and every citizen, private company and visitors" to do something each day towards helping to restore that status SUNSHINE CITY.
The document provides a national strategy for revitalizing deteriorated and underutilized urban areas in Iran. It begins with introducing the strategy's vision of improving living standards and socioeconomic conditions in target neighborhoods equal to city averages. It then outlines seven central goals and eight strategies to achieve this vision, which include strategies like coordinating revitalization efforts, addressing real estate and capital market failures, and improving economic and social conditions for residents. The document concludes by proposing two means to realize the strategy: a national taskforce to create synergy among government initiatives and provincial taskforces to coordinate plans at the local level.
The document outlines a report evaluating and providing suggestions for implementing Local Agenda 21 in Johor Bahru, Malaysia to improve environmental protection, economic prosperity, and community well-being. It analyzes the six key elements of Local Agenda 21 and provides recommendations. Suggestions include establishing partnerships between residents, private organizations, and local authorities, integrating sustainable development into policies, raising public awareness through education campaigns, and regularly monitoring progress towards sustainability goals.
You are given a task by the mayor of your hometown to evaluate and give suggestion on how to plan the town in accordance with Local Agenda 21. Write a brief report on your evaluation and suggestion.
Integrated approach to the planning and management of land resourcesPeter Dindah
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local agenda 21
1. KKKH 4284
PERANCANGAN BANDAR LESTARI
TASK 5: LOCAL AGENDA 21
AZIZA BINTI ESA
A133613
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL & STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING/4
Lecturers:
Prof. Ir. Dr. RIZA ATIQ ABDULLAH BIN O.K. RAHMAT
PUAN NORLIZA BINTI MOHD AKHIR
Dr. MUHAMMAD NAZRI BIN BORHAN
2. TASK 5
You are given a task by the mayor of your hometown to evaluate and give suggestion on
how to plan the town in accordance with Local Agenda 21. Write a brief report on your
evaluation and suggestion.
Local Agenda 21 is a process which facilitates sustainable development at community level. It is
an approach, based on participation which respects the social, cultural, economic and
environmental needs of the present and future citizens of a community in all its diversity and
which relates that community and its future to the regional, national and international community
of which it is a part.
Any local agenda 21 project, therefore, should be in keeping with the ideas outlined above and:-
will take into account the well being and quality of life of the entire community in the long term-
will include a high level of participation at local level, giving particular attention to participation
by minority or under-represented groups, and while it may focus on a particular social,
economic, cultural or environmental issue it will present an integrated vision of how the other
aspects of community life will be affected.
While Agenda 21 was a large scale blue print for sustainability, it also highlighted the value and
importance of a bottom-up approach. From this principle arose the concept of Local Agenda 21.
Agenda 21, the major document produced at the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992, is a blueprint for
meeting the challenges of environment and development into the next century. The global
partnership which it established must build on national, regional and local efforts to achieve a
more sustainable future.
Sustainable development depends on concerted efforts at every level of government and society
to change behavior and consumption patterns which deplete natural resources and exceed the
carrying capacity of the environment.
3. Kuala Terengganu is the largest city as well as the state and royal capital of Terengganu state,
Malaysia.
On 1 January 2008, Kuala Terengganu was awarded city status. The city has a population of
343,284 and is also the seat of a district of the same name. Kuala Terengganu is located about
500 kilometers northeast of Kuala Lumpur on a promontory surrounded on three sides by
the South China Sea.
ENVIRONMENT PERFORMANCE
Consideration could be given to a number of options and procedures for improving internal
environmental performance, including:
- adopting an environmental charter or mission statement
This can be useful as a means of defining the organisation’s environmental role and its
commitment to sustainable development. As a statement of core aims and values, it should be
carefully developed, guided by the elected members, widely publicized, and most importantly
given practical expression in the internal and external functioning of the local authority. The
4. process of developing a charter can promote self-examination, foster corporate commitment,
encourage new initiatives and influence other environmental and development organisations.
- adopting a voluntary environmental management system
A management system can determine and develop appropriate policy and practical responses,
and specify actions and targets to implement those responses, and lead to a focused
implementation programme with suitable review and reporting mechanisms.
- pursuing green housekeeping measures
The direct impacts of local authorities on the environment can be improved through measures
such as :
- energy conservation in buildings, services and use of equipment
- using recycled products and recycling facilities
- ordering minimum quantities to avoid stock build-up, minimise storage requirements and
reduce potential obsolescence
- giving preference to environmentally-friendly products in specifications for tenders, etc.
- using environmentally-friendly products in the management of parks/recreational grounds and
for weed control on roads and kerbsides.
- waste minimisation
- providing alternatives to one-use disposable products, such as non-refillable pens and
paper/Styrofoam cups.
- using unleaded petrol and fuel efficient vehicles in vehicle fleets
· staff training and information
This is a very important element of any internal strategy, an vital to the process of disseminating
ideas outside the organisation; if staff are not aware and committed, no charter or plan can be
5. successfully implemented. A skilled and committed staff is one of the most important resources
for an organisation putting Local Agenda 21 into practice.
· budgeting
Environmental objectives should always be considered when budgets are being prepared. While
additional funding for environmental purposes and activities will require due justification in any
organisation, a focus should also be maintained on maximising available resources through
efficiencies and value for money in the delivery and use of environmental services, resourcing
areas where the benefits of action can offset the costs, and participating in an effective, targeted
way in joint ventures with business and community interests.
POLICIES AND ACTIVITIES
Some areas to consider include:
· land use/development policies
Land use policy and controls are a critical means of ensuring sustainable development. The
development plans of the local planning authorities are the principal policy statements on land
use, and may include, in the appropriate urban and rural contexts, development objectives with
regard to the “zoning” of land for particular uses, the renewal of obsolete areas, the provision of
environmental services and the preservation of amenities, including the built environment,
natural features and quality landscapes.
Although planning authorities have extensive experience and expertise in the exercise of
development planning and control functions under the Planning Code, and of environmental
functions affecting development under the Air and Water Pollution Codes, development and
settlement policies raise key issues in a sustainability context. These include, for example,
rezoning issues adjacent to urban areas, local concerns about the siting of particular industries,
rural settlement patterns; resources, and agriculture, forestry, tourism and aquaculture
development impacts on the landscape and natural resources.
In the context of the Government’s commitments on land use and sustainable development, the
Department of the Environment is preparing land use policy guidance in parallel with the
6. preparation of a national sustainable development strategy. In the interim, planning authorities
may need to review their development plans as part of their work towards Local Agenda 21, to
ensure that planning and development policies are fully consistent with environmental
sustainability objectives. Regional authorities may additionally consider regional sustainability
as a relevant issue in assessing the consistency of the development plans of their constituent
authorities with one another and with the overall development objectives of their regions.
· urban development
Urbanisation is part of the development process and urban authorities are well placed to address
sustainability issues experienced within cities and towns. The challenges of urban sustainability
differ with the scale and nature of urban development, and the following concerns may be more
or less relevant to local authorities in particular circumstances:
- urban air quality and smoke control measures
- energy saving in housing, public buildings and new developments to reduce CO2 emissions and
conserve natural resources,
- traffic measures to reduce air pollution and CO2 emissions
- urban land use policies to address population decentralisation, suburbanisation, dereliction in
central areas and general reductions in quality of life,
- the relationship between the urban area and its rural hinterland
- urban renewal programmes to halt decline in physical fabric and socio-economic conditions,
and protect and enhance urban heritage and architecture,
- the creation of the new environmentally-friendly economic activities to sustain and increase
employment and training opportunities created by/from local authority expenditure,
- urban housing policies incorporating environmentally sound design, infill, open space and
mobility considerations,
- the creation of a green urban structure through the provision of parks, landscaped areas and the
planting trees, shrubs and flowers,
7. - the underpinning of environmental and social sustainability through promotion of initiatives,
and participation in community based action, to reduce and recycle waste, eliminate litter, use
energy and water wisely, clean up local areas, develop and protect amenities, etc.
It might be appropriate to incorporate participation in the Tidy Towns Competition, the focus of
the competition on architectural heritage, cultural identity and environmental concerns in the
widest sense can both improve the quality of life for the local community and also enhance the
tourism potential of towns and villages.
· provision of services
This is intrinsically linked with the location and desirability of different forms of development;
questions, which can help to bring sustainability into focus, include:
- why are these services necessary? do they meet actual demand or lead to new demands?
- why here? is there an alternative development location, perhaps with services already in place?
- is the best environmental option being used? are there alternative approaches?
- what are the energy and natural resource consumption implications?
- how will emissions be managed and minimised?
- what are the conservation issues, and how are they dealt with?
- who are the key target users of the services, and what measures will be taken to promote
sustainability in use/operation?
· transport policy and traffic management
Demand for additional transport infrastructure can be reduced by reducing the need to travel.
Bringing services to people, where this is economically feasible, may reduce transport
requirements, and can improve the quality of life in areas of dispersed settlement.
Environmentally-friendly mode of transport are encourage by providing safer facilities, such as
cycle lanes and secure bicycle parks for cyclists, special pedestrian areas, and footbridges and
(where appropriate) underpasses for walkers and cyclists.
8. Equally, it can significantly influence the quality of life in inner urban locations, and protect
historic areas and urban architectural heritage, by developing innovative traffic management
initiatives, restricting the through-traffic in residential areas, and optimising traffic flow on urban
arterial routes.
Public support for public transport is essential. Promote and integrate public transport by liaising
with services providers on appropriate routes and on ticketing practices, by supporting the
provision of park and ride and interchange facilities and the connection of public transport
systems to parking areas outside the city/town centre, etc. Public transport also can be support by
pursuing land use and other policies which facilitate its increase use and which discourage all-
day car commuter parking in town centres where public transport provides an adequate
alternative to car use.
Large urban areas with major traffic densities may have particular environmental significance in
the context of CO2 emissions. The national climate change/CO2 abatement strategy noted that
transport is a significant source of CO2 emissions and that measures in this area will play a key
role in containing overall national CO2 emissions.
· housing
Social housing policy places emhasis on, amongst other things, an expanded local authority
housing programme, housing integration, the quality of the living environment and improved
mangement of housing estates.
This can include taking account of environmental factors in site selection, and design and
landscaping of new developments; incorporating high standards of energy efficiency in
buildings; providing facilities for recycling and other environmentally-friendly activities on
estates; and involving tenants in the management and maintenance of their homes and
communities.
· tourism
local and regional authorities can work with tourist authorities to facilitate environmentally
responsible tourism development, provide services for the tourist population, ensure that
facilities for tourist are environmentally-friendly, co-operate in providing environmental/tourist
9. information, maintain a quality environment protecting natural heritage to encourage eco-
tourism, and promote environmentally sound management of local hostels, guest houses and
other facilities.
• provides a high-quality product based on, and in harmony with, a high-quality natural
environment
• minimises adverse impacts on local communities, as well as on built heritage, landscapes,
habitats and species
• supports social and economic prosperity while protecting and enhancing the cultural and
natural environments
· health
Environmental improvements can form an important element of preventative health care, and
have a beneficial effect on community health. Good air quality, safe drinking water, clean
bathing waters and sound waste water systems all contribute to effective public health protection
and support a healthy lifestyle. Increase awareness of the links between environment and health,
and help formulate and implement relevant strategies in the areas.
· action for equality
It is important to consider how public actions affect the quality of life of disadvantaged members
of society, and to take positive action where appropriate to promote a more sustainable social
balance. In this regard, measures to improve public transport, to respond to homelessness, to
accommodate travellers or to improve access for people with disabilities are important.
· environmental activities
Sustainable activities in areas such as waste reduction and recycling, management of
environmental media and nature conservation can involve protecting natural amenities,
resources, landscapes and habitats; promoting and catering for environmentally-friendly leisure
activities and facilities; and supplying information for users on how to achieve and maintain a
“greener” local environment.
10. ACTION IN THE COMMUNITY
Provision of Information
Information and awareness are essential catalysts in motivating people to take action,
individually or collectively, to protect and enhance the environment. Information to promote
sustainable development must not only identify the state of the environment but also advise
people on the issues and constraints affecting sustainable development, the pressure impacting
adversely on the environment and the trends towards or away from sustainable use of resources.
Local authorities have many opportunities to provide information, and can do so in the light of
their environment and development responsibilities, by
· supporting environmental education
This can relate to all educational levels within their area, including adult education, and could
include encouraging local business/industry to do likewise. Appropriate support could be
financial, or could take other forms, such as supplying groups with materials or premises, or
sending personnel to talk to students;
· liaising with local schools/colleges
Consult with educational institutions on providing appropriate lectures or courses on the
environment and sustainable development for the community;
· supporting the initiatives of local voluntary groups
Local groups can be well placed to identify the particular needs of their communities; local
authorities can help by providing additional information, display facilities or other support for
their activities;
· compiling and publishing local environmental information
In addition to compiling environmental information, pursue many options to make it widely
available for example, by using own public library facilities, citizens’ information centres,
community groups, local radio stations (especially community radio), or by publishing it in their
annual reports, local or community newspapers and magazines;
11. · setting up focus points
Develop environmental information desks for their areas either centrally or through their public
library services and building on ENFO networks and information holdings;
· holding open days
Hold open days at designated environmental facilities, for example, water or waste water
treatment plants, to show the public how environmental issues are dealt with in this context;
· drawing up their own information policy statements
Such statements would constitute a user-friendly guide to the type of environmental information
held by the authority and to arrangements for dealing with requests for this information.
· maintaining statutory registers
Ensure that all legal requirements to maintain registers of information for example, planning
registers, registers of use of sewage sludge and registers of licenses issued under Air and Water
Pollution legislation are fully complied with; registers should be kept up to date, and the
availability of the information they contain should be publicized.
PUBLIC CONSULTATION
Extensive public consultation procedures have been incorporated into environment and
development legislation, in regard, for example, to the adoption of development plans,
environmental impact assessments, and development by local authorities within their own
jurisdiction, and decision-making on individual planning applications. Local Agenda 21 can
build on and extend current consultation mechanisms, and seek broad community involvement as
well as individual participation to increase interest in the issues of, and consensus on the
approaches to, sustainable development.
Agenda 21 recommends that each local authority should “enter into a dialogue with its citizens,
local organisations and private enterprises and adopt a local ‘Agenda 21’.” Consultation is a two-
way process in which local authorities and the public can exchange information and experience
12. and deepen an understanding of the range of actions and interaction contributing to sustainable
development.
Many organisations and groups already exist in any local authority area: these can form a basis
for involving the entire community in the consultation process. They may include:
· residents’/tenants’ associations
· youth clubs, senior citizens’ groups
· environment/conservation organisations
· womens’ associations and groups
· sports clubs, activity/hobby societies
· Chambers of Commerce, other business organisations
· local magazines/papers, community radio
· schools, adult education/training groups
· local heritage/historical societies
Whatever consultation arrangements are devised in preparing a Local Agenda 21 must be
accessible. This is particularly important in rural areas where the population is scattered, in
suburban areas removed from local government offices, and in respect of people with
disabilities.
Methods of consultation should be creative. Information provided should be clear and attractive,
and invite public response. Most importantly, a Local Agenda 21 should fully address the views
of consultees, reconcile differences, and reflect and accommodate all that is valid in the context
of locally sustainable development.
Some approaches to consultation and involvement, which might be considered, include:
· setting up a special environmental or Local Agenda 21 forum to discuss, and propose solutions
to, environmental problems; these for a should involve representatives of various groups of
13. women, youth, local community groups, businesses and professions, special interest groups, etc
– all of whom have a valuable perspective on local issues;
· neighbourhood based initiatives (e.g. involving residents in environmental planning,
improvement and management of their own estate or area);
· presentations to/Local Agenda 21 meetings with local organisations and groups;
· encouraging local communities to prepare special area profiles, identifying valuable
environmental resources and amenities, and recommending community / authority based action
for their protection and enhancement.
Public consultation is valuable in its own right, and local authorities may wish to consider the
above, or other, consultation mechanisms as part of the implementation and review, as well as
the preparatory process for Local Agenda 21.
Partnerships
Local authorities have a wide competence to promote the interests of their local communities,
and, in the context of a Local Agenda 21, it is desirable to work in partnership with key groups
which are influential in the delivery of sustainable development. It is important to remove any
apparent barriers between the different sectors – "authority", "business", "environmentalists" and
"residents" - and promote common interest to define and deliver environmental, economic,
social, cultural and community objectives.
Consideration could be given to ways of building sustainability considerations into existing
partnership arrangements, whether these are formal or informal at present, and to appropriate
forms of partnerships with local business and enterprise representatives, etc.
Operational Programme for Local Urban and Rural Development
There is a range of options to pursue partnerships for sustainable development, for example,
through
14. · standing committees or working groups within a local authority, between authorities on a
regional basis, or between local authorities and State agencies for development / conservation to
promote environmental protection and environmentally responsible development;
· working with Government Departments/ agencies, the private sector and conservation groups to
achieve urban and village renewal;
· working with the farming community, regional tourism organisations, LEADER groups, etc., to
encourage new/alternative forms of development to sustain a dispersed rural population;
· working with business and enterprise organisations to develop eco-industry and environmental
service.
As well as ongoing activities, there is also a place for once-off meetings and seminars, which can
relate to specific issues, or can be used as a starting point to consider more formal methods of
working together.
The national local authority representative bodies organizations such as the EU Committee of the
Regions and the Council of Europe Congress of Local and Regional Authorities provide
opportunities to develop links and contacts for the sharing of information and expertise.
Monitoring Progress
Once a Local Agenda 21 has been adopted democratically, arrangements should be made locally
to monitor and report on progress towards its objectives in regard to the achievement of long-
term sustainable development. Local Agenda 21 strategies or other defined plans should
desirably be subject to periodic review to ensure that they continue to meet the aspirations and
needs of the community. Review arrangements should consider objectives and targets set for the
local authority itself and for other sectors/bodies, as well as overall performance, direct and
indirect actions impacting on progress, and indicators of progress, towards sustainability. It will
also be important to ensure that public information services, including statutory registers, are
kept up to date so as to maximise public access and participation in the review process.
Methods of obtaining the necessary information for such monitoring and review include:
· participating in monitoring programmes
15. This involves local authorities undertaking participation in local, national and international
programmes, for example, monitoring of air/water quality, emissions and waste produced and
performance of environmental services.
· local state of the environment reporting
A national state of the environment report is currently being prepared by the Environmental
Protection Agency, and will be published later this year. Local authorities could produce local /
regional reports, if appropriate, adapting the format of the national report. Publication and
dissemination of information will be important for the continuing consultative and participatory
process of Local Agenda 21.
· devising local indicators of sustainability
Although both national and international work on sustainability indicators is at a relatively early
state of progress, it may be appropriate for Local Agenda 21 to adapt / develop some ideas and
approaches in this regard, so as to give a local measure of progress towards the objectives of
sustainable development.
Local indicators of sustainability should -
· be relevant to both the local authority and to the wider local community
· be clear and easy to understand
· be meaningful, both individually and collectively
· show progress/trends on an ongoing basis, against targets and objectives set
· be relevant to the objectives of a Local Agenda 21, and feed into its review.
· Examples of indicators in the local area, which, by indicating pressures on the environment and
the responses to those pressures, help to measure progress towards, or away from, sustainable
development, would include:
· % of surface waters unpolluted, slightly polluted or seriously polluted
16. · quantity of waste water produced and treated
· quantity of municipal waste generated and recycled
· % of drinking/bathing/salmonid etc. waters meeting statutory environmental quality standards
· urban air quality standards / performance
· physical planning performance indicators including, e.g. planning statistics, special amenity
areas, tree preservation orders, listed buildings
· % of area/number of sites identified for conservation (e.g. Natural heritage areas, sand dunes,
bogs, wetlands, bird areas, bat sites, woodland)
· % of area afforested
· areas of natural, landscape, geological, archaeological, heritage or other particular interest
· % of area degraded (e.g. Derelict sites, exposed tip-heads, unreclaimed mining sites,
contaminated land).
As far as possible, objectives and targets should be set to redress environmental impacts and
threats, and they should be used as part of the approach to monitoring progress in
implementation of a Local Agenda 21.
THE WAY AHEAD
Local Agenda 21 is a wide, participatory exercise at local level and should therefore have the
guidance and direct involvement of the elected members of local authorities.
The structure and content of Local Agenda 21 should reflect the local vision of sustainable
development, with reference to specific local concerns/problems. The participation of all local
community interests will be important in this regard. The local vision, however, should not be a
narrow one: regional authorities are well placed to promote co-ordination and consistency
between Local Agenda 21s in the interests of a balanced and coherent approach at regional level.
17. A Local Agenda 21 should contain clear priorities and targets, wherever possible. Initial targets
might usefully be set in the area of local authorities' own environmental responsibilities; some
examples might include –
· improved drinking/bathing water quality
· improved demand management/ conversation of water supplies
· defined programme for urban waste water treatment
· re-use of sewage sludge
· stabilisation/reduction of municipal waste
· Increased recycling rates.
It is important to identify the actors who are to work towards the targets set; in the above
examples, these will be the local authorities themselves. In general, considerations related to
long-term sustainability and balanced environmental protection and socio-economic
development should inform all relevant activities of the authorities. If targets are set which
involve other actors, it should be clear where responsibility for action towards a particular target
lies. While short-term goals are an important incentive, and help to maintain momentum,
sustainable development is a long-term objective, and targets which require significant policy or
practical reform and conversion should be set in a realistic way, so as not to undermine the
process involved.
Some indicators of progress towards local sustainable development should be devised; more
information in this regard will be provided to local authorities as the subject is developed at
national and international level.