Task 38 of the IEA Hydrogen Technology Collaboration Programme analyzes power-to-hydrogen pathways with the goal of providing guidance to support hydrogen as a key energy carrier. Recent work included collecting and reviewing state-of-the-art analyses of hydrogen systems. Next steps involve energy system modeling to develop recommendations, continuing data collection, and potential collaboration with ETSAP on hydrogen modeling and data.

1. AN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY TECHNOLOGY COLLABORATION PROGRAMME
Task 38 of the Hydrogen TCP:
a Task dedicated to the study of P2X pathways
Paul Lucchese, Christine Mansilla - CEA
ETSAP workshop, June 18 2018, Gothenburg, Sweden

2. AN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY TECHNOLOGY COLLABORATION PROGRAMME 2
International Energy Agency and
the Hydrogen Implementing
Agreement (the Hydrogen
Technology Collaboration
Program (TCP))
Task 38: Power-to-Hydrogen and
Hydrogen-to-X: System analysis
of the techno-economic, legal
and regulatory conditions
Time Frame: 2016 - 2019
Power-to-Hydrogen and Hydrogen-to-X:

3. AN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY TECHNOLOGY COLLABORATION PROGRAMME
Power-to-Hydrogen and Hydrogen-to-X:
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The “Power-to-hydrogen” concept
means that hydrogen is produced via
electrolysis supplied with low-
carbon (and/or low-cost electricity
Electricity supply can be either:
• On-Grid
• Off-grid
• Hybrid systems
With particular attention devoted to:
• Provision of services to the grid
• Characterization of hydrogen
relevance for energy storage

4. AN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY TECHNOLOGY COLLABORATION PROGRAMME
“Hydrogen-to-X” implies that the
hydrogen supply concerns a large
portfolio of applications:
• Transport (hydrogen for fuel cells,
biofuels, synthetic methane for
transport, etc.)
• Natural gas grid (mixing H2 directly
with natural gas or synthetizing CH4
and injecting into the natural gas
grid)
• Re-electrification through hydrogen
turbines or fuel cells
• General business of merchant
hydrogen for energy or industry,
especially refinery, steel industry,
ammonia, etc.
• Various ancillary services and
balancing to the electric power grid
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Power-to-Hydrogen and Hydrogen-to-X:

5. AN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY TECHNOLOGY COLLABORATION PROGRAMME
• To provide a comprehensive understanding of the various technical and
economic pathways for power-to-hydrogen applications in diverse
situations
• To provide a comprehensive assessment of existing legal frameworks
• To provide business developers and policy makers with general guidelines
and recommendations that enhance hydrogen system deployment in
energy markets
The overarching objective will be to develop hydrogen visibility as a key
energy carrier / chemical intermediate for a sustainable and smart energy
system, within a 2 or 3 horizon time frame: e.g. 2020, 2030 and 2050.
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Objectives of IEA HIA Task 38
Hydrogen Technology Collaboration Program (TCP)

6. AN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY TECHNOLOGY COLLABORATION PROGRAMME
Task 38 partners
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Today:
Over 55 participants from 35 organizations are involved
in the Task, representing 15 countries
Tomorrow:
Different actions are in progress to further widen the
geographical scope of the partners, with a special focus
on Asia and emerging countries
Contacts with China, South Korea, India
Special thanks
to ADEME for
supporting and
financing the
coordination of
Task 38

7. AN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY TECHNOLOGY COLLABORATION PROGRAMME
Four years / two phases
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1/
• General survey of existing studies on techno-
economic and business cases, existing legal frameworks
and macro-economic impacts, including demo/deployment
projects
2/
• Detailed specific case studies, based on detailed
targets defined during the first phase, together with
elaboration of legal and regulatory conditions, policy
measures, and general guidelines for business developers
and policy makers as well as public and private financial
mechanisms and actors

8. AN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY TECHNOLOGY COLLABORATION PROGRAMME
Task 38 Latest Results: Definitions
• Main definitions of PtH and HtX established and to be merged with
CEN/CENELEC hydrogen definitions
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Category Acronym Definition
Power-to-Hydrogen PtH
Hydrogen production (and storage when requested) from low-carbon
electricity either from the grid or off-grid.
Hydrogen-to-Power HtP Supply of electricity to the grid from hydrogen with a fuel cell or a gas turbine
Hydrogen-to-Gas
HtG-H2 Hydrogen injection in natural gas grid
HtG-M
synthetic methane injection in natural gas grid, synthetic methane is obtained
from Hydrogen from PtH through methanation processes
Hydrogen-to-Fuel
HtF-H2 Hydrogen in a vehicle to be injected in a fuel cell
HtF-S
Hydrogen for liquid synfuel applications: liquid biofuels, synthetic liquid fuels,
methanol
HtF-G Hydrogen for mobility through gas fuels (Hythane®, biogas, synthetic methane)
Hydrogen-to-
Industry
HtI Hydrogen from PtH and for industrial applications (e.g. Refinery)
Hydrogen-to-Heat HtQ
Hydrogen-to-heat via H2-fired boilers; Hydrogen-to-heat and power via CHPs
(fuel cells, turbine etc.)
Hydrogen-to-
Chemicals
HtCh
Other pathways to industrial chemical intermediates from hydrogen which we
may want to include explicitly:
1. H2 to methanol to C2, C3 olefins
2. H2 to syngas to C2, C3 olefins
3. Methanol/syngas to >C1 hydrocarbons and >C1 alcohols
4. H2 to ammonia and formic acid (which could also be used as alternative
renewable energy storage)

9. AN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY TECHNOLOGY COLLABORATION PROGRAMME
Task 38 Latest Results: Electrolyzer data
• Recent and reliable techno-economic data obtained in order to provide
realistic figures for energy system modelling and business cases
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CAPEX includes :
• Transformer(s)
• Rectifier(s)
• Control panel with PLC
• Gas analysers
• Water
demineralizer/deionizer
• Electrolyser stack(s)
• Gas separators &
recirculating pump
• Scrubber OR gas
purifier system
• Gas separating vessels
• Dry piston compressor
@ 15 bar
(PEM = self-press. up to
20/50 bar)
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3
10
4
0,1 1 10 100
PEM trendline (Task 33)
alcaline (single stack)
alcaline (multi-stack)
CAPEX(Euro/kW)
Power input (MW)
1000
750
500
Comparing alkaline and PEM electrolyser capital expenditures

10. AN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY TECHNOLOGY COLLABORATION PROGRAMME
Task 38 Latest Results: Services to the grid
• Ancillary and balancing
services to the grid have been
identified
• Constraints to be addressed
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Off-taker Application
Generation plant
Stabilizing conventional generation
Price arbitrage
Distribution system Distribution deferral
Transmission system
Primary reserve
Secondary reserve
Tertiary reserve
Black-start services
Reactive power
Transmission deferral
End user
Peak shaving
Time shifting
Off-grid storage (prosumer)
Community energy storage (prosumer)
Residential storage for self-consumption / Home energy storage (prosumer)
Uninterruptible power supply
Back-up power

11. AN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY TECHNOLOGY COLLABORATION PROGRAMME
Task 38 Latest Results: Demonstrations
• Over 150 demonstration projects identified
• Collection of information concerning hydrogen system demonstrations
(in process)
• Majority of demonstrations collected to date consider hydrogen
production and methanation
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35%
13%
5%
22%
13%
4%
4%
4%
Power-to-Hydrogen (PtH)
Hydrogen-to-Power (HtP)
Hydrogen-to-Fuel in a vehicle with Fuel Cell (HtF-
H2)
Hydrogen-to-Gas for synthetic methane injection
to grid HtG-M
Hydrogen-to-Gas injected into natural gas grid
(HtG-H2)
Hydrogen-to-Fuel for Synfuel applications (HtF-S)
Hydrogen-to-Chemicals (HtCh)
Hydrogen-to-Industry (HtI)
Preliminary results

12. AN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY TECHNOLOGY COLLABORATION PROGRAMME
Task 38 Latest Results: Techno-economic studies
and business cases
• Collection of studies completed: > 200 items gathered
• Over 75% of the studies issued during the last 5 years
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13. AN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY TECHNOLOGY COLLABORATION PROGRAMME
Task 38 Latest Results: Existing regulatory and legal
frameworks in varying countries
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• Several countries regulatory and legal frameworks concerning hydrogen have been
collected (in process)
• Tax benefits (road taxes, tolls, etc.) and exemptions for electric road vehicles are often
present.
• Certificate of origins are being considered more and more relevant, especially in
relation to gas associated with the gas grid.
• Feed-in tariffs (FiT) for bio-methane are
present in some countries, but no specific FiT
provision is available for hydrogen.
• Different allowable hydrogen limits in the gas
grid

14. AN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY TECHNOLOGY COLLABORATION PROGRAMME
Task 38 Latest Results: Modelling of energy systems
including hydrogen
• Workshop at the University of Bath on energy system models and the role
of hydrogen to discuss the different existing models and recent studies
that may include hydrogen
• Issues and inconsistencies addressed; need for:
• Updated, available, and reliable data
• More complete and in-depth models concerning hydrogen to
accurately represent the possibilities and capabilities

15. AN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY TECHNOLOGY COLLABORATION PROGRAMME
Task 38 Ongoing work: Case studies
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- 5 case studies were identified:
- Power to green ammonia in Chile for blasting industry (mining)
- Power to green ammonia produced in Australia and shipped to Japan
(to be used as H2)
- Power and waste CO2 to green methanol in China
- Power to methane in Romania
- Power to Hydrogen from Patagonia to Japan

16. AN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY TECHNOLOGY COLLABORATION PROGRAMME
Task 38 Ongoing work: a subsequent Task on data
and modelling?
Collaboration with Hydrogen Council:
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18 steering members :
13 founding members + Audi AG, GM, Iwatani Corporation, Plastic Omnium, Statoil ASA
10 supporting members: Mitsui & Co, Plug Power, Faber Industries, Faurecia, First
Element Fuel (True Zero), Gore, Toyota Tsusho, Hydrogenics, Ballard, Mitsubishi
Subsequent Task on modelling and data: opportunity for collaboration with
ETSAP?

17. AN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY TECHNOLOGY COLLABORATION PROGRAMME
The issue of data
The data is core issue. Acquiring, processing, interpreting, and sharing data is a
key element to this study, roadmap construction, modelling, and communication
to policymakers and stakeholders concerning PtH and HtX.
Goals Task 38 TF Data/ future Task:
1. Offer a central and structured repository
2. Enable data mining
3. Facilitate data sharing
4. Enable a future open data platform
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Source: PerSEE

18. AN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY TECHNOLOGY COLLABORATION PROGRAMME
Task 38 of the Hydrogen technology collaboration programme is
dedicated to the analysis of PtH pathways, with a final objective of
providing business developers and policy makers with recommendations
to enable hydrogen as a key energy carrier for a sustainable integrated
energy system
Recent work was dedicated to collection, review, and state-of-the-art
analysis on hydrogen systems
Next steps will involve modelling to develop relevant recommendations
and continue data collection and analyses: collaboration with ETSAP on
hydrogen modelling and data would be beneficial to energy system
modelling, and scenario design.
Conclusions
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19. AN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY TECHNOLOGY COLLABORATION PROGRAMME 19
Contact:
task38@cleanhorizon.com
paul.lucchese@cea.fr
christine.mansilla@cea.fr