The document discusses various photographic terminology including shutter speed, ISO, aperture, and depth of field. It provides examples of how adjusting these settings can impact images. Shutter speed determines exposure time, affecting motion blur. ISO controls light sensitivity, with higher ISO increasing noise. Aperture impacts depth of field, with smaller apertures producing wider depth of field and more of an image in focus. The document demonstrates these concepts through example images taken with different camera settings.
This slide gives you the basic information about the types of photography lenses used worldwide.
Image source: Google Images
*the content provided here has been copied from various sources. no authentication proof is available.
Its a basic guide to photography by my friend Vivek Desai. The slides given within will provide better know how for beginners and amateurs and will help you know a DSLR camera. If you are a photography enthusiast, this guide is the right place to start with.
It will also help you better understand How to Use a DSLR before you spend bucks and own one.
You can connect with Vivek Desai @ https://www.facebook.com/VivekDesai88
Low light photography: shoot seasonal portraits and holiday headshotsJanique Goff Madison
Winter weather is great for capturing low light and nocturnal portraits, but if you've only ever shot with natural light it can be quite a challenge! So we joined Nikon School UK for its course on low-light portraiture to pick up some tips (which, of course, apply to any camera brand, not just Nikon!).
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject: photography
Lesson 7 : Studio Lighting
Faculty Name: Partha Pratim Samanta
This slide gives you the basic information about the types of photography lenses used worldwide.
Image source: Google Images
*the content provided here has been copied from various sources. no authentication proof is available.
Its a basic guide to photography by my friend Vivek Desai. The slides given within will provide better know how for beginners and amateurs and will help you know a DSLR camera. If you are a photography enthusiast, this guide is the right place to start with.
It will also help you better understand How to Use a DSLR before you spend bucks and own one.
You can connect with Vivek Desai @ https://www.facebook.com/VivekDesai88
Low light photography: shoot seasonal portraits and holiday headshotsJanique Goff Madison
Winter weather is great for capturing low light and nocturnal portraits, but if you've only ever shot with natural light it can be quite a challenge! So we joined Nikon School UK for its course on low-light portraiture to pick up some tips (which, of course, apply to any camera brand, not just Nikon!).
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject: photography
Lesson 7 : Studio Lighting
Faculty Name: Partha Pratim Samanta
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
1. Unit 57: Photography and Photographic Practice Terminology
P1, P2, M1, M2
Photographic
Terminology
DANIEL HOPKINS
2. The shutter speed is the length of time light is exposed to the cameras
sensor, allowing the image to be captured. The slower the shutter
speed, the longer the exposure time and the faster the shutter speed,
the shorter the exposure time. A fast shutter speed will effectively and
quickly take an image, meaning even fast moving objects such as cars,
flowing water and other moving things will appear stationary.
However, a slow shutter speed will mean that light is exposed to the
camera lens for longer and therefore takes a selected amount time to
capture the image. As the subject of the image may move during this
time, the resulting effect looks like the subject is in motion. This may
be to illustrate things that are fast such as flowing water and cars. The
shutter speed has a unique effect on my images. The fast shutter
speed quickly captured the coloured light bulbs, bold and clear.
However, the slow shutter speed meant my hands/arms wobbled
slightly while holding my camera, which will have constantly moved
the positions of the lights for the duration of the capture of the image.
Subsequently, the lights look like they are moving across the frame on
their own, creating a tangle of coloured lights.
Details for settings on the camera for the
above two image are on the following slide.
Shutter Speed
3. Shutter Speed
FAST SHUTTER SPEED SLOW SHUTTER SPEED
Camera: Nikon D3100
Exposure Time: 0.62 seconds
F-stop: f/7.1
ISO speed: ISO 3200
Camera: Nikon D3100
Exposure Time: 3 seconds
F-stop: f/7.1
ISO Speed: ISO 3200
The difference between these two images is very interesting and noticeable, with the only factor being the exposure time.
The shoot was at night and thus I put the ISO up to the high rating of 3200, to allow as much light into the image to make
it clearer. However, this did result in a moderate amount of noise. The images are of a small collection of coloured light
bulbs in a tree and on the first, quick shutter speed, I easily captured them bold and clear. In the next photograph, I used a
3 second shutter speed, which captured the image over a 2.4 second longer period of time than the first. As my hands
were unstable during the exposure, the lights were captured in multiple places as the camera moved, and therefore
appear to be in a state of movement.
4. In digital photography, the ISO measures the sensitivity of the image
censor. It’s various settings determine how much light is to be picked up
by the camera. A typical digital camera (using the example of the Nikon
camera I used to take the majority of my images) has ISO settings of 100,
200, 400, 800, 1600 and 3200. Other cameras may have higher settings,
though it depends on the make and model of that individual camera.
The lower the ISO setting, the less sensitive the camera is to light, while
the higher the ISO setting, the more sensitive it is to light. As the ISO
becomes higher the image will lose quality and the grain won’t be of a
very good quality. The ISO will generally only be pushed to its higher
levels when the camera is being used indoors. This is because their will
be a lack of natural lighting and insufficient artificial lighting. Outdoor
photography ISO settings will generally be lower as lighting should
usually be sufficient. However, it would have to be adjusted at night and
if it was too bright/dark. A higher ISO will lead to a grainy quality as
mentioned above or ‘noise’. This is due to a higher ISO meaning a higher
sensitivity and the camera therefore being unable to capture the full
quality and content of the image. The effect the ISO has on the images is
clearly evident in the ones on the right: the higher the ISO the, the
brighter the image is and the lower the ISO, the darker the image is.
Camera: Canon EOS 1100D
F-stop: f/6.3
Exposure Time: 1/250 seconds
ISO: 400
Camera: Canon EOS 1100D
F-stop: f/8
Exposure Time: 1/250 seconds
ISO: 6400
ISO
5. ISO
Low ISO High ISO
Camera: NIKON D3100
F-stop: f/7.1
Exposure Time: 1/125
seconds
ISO: ISO-100
Camera: NIKON D3100
F-stop: f/7.1
Exposure Time: 1/125 seconds
ISO: ISO-400
Camera: NIKON D3100
F-stop: f/7.1
Exposure Time: 1/125
seconds
ISO: ISO-3200
Camera: NIKON D3100
F-stop: f/7.1
Exposure Time: 1/125 seconds
ISO: ISO-1600
The ISO has made an incredible difference when increased over a series of shots. The ISO was the only varying
factor for the shots, as the f-stop, exposure time and shutter speed all remained the same. As mentioned in
the definition in the previous slide, the ISO affects how sensitive the camera is to light and it is clearly evident
here. The less sensitive the images are to the light (lower ISO) the clearer the images are. However, as I
gradually upped the ISO, the camera becomes more sensitive to the light and its over-abundance results in
unclear images.
6. Rule of thirds
Rule of thirds is where you imagine a grid placed over the image you are taking, consisting of four lines (two
vertical, two horizontal) creating four equal blocks/squares. The theory is that if you place points of
interests on the intersecting points, the photograph will appear more balanced and the viewer will be able
to interact with it more naturally. Studies have also shown that people are more drawn to the intersecting
points of an image rather than the centre of the shot. The rule of thirds theory works well with this idea of
naturally interacting with an image. While taking a photograph you are supposed to visualize the grid, using
your mind to place it over the viewfinder or LCD display used to frame the shot. With this grid, the rule of
thirds identifies the four key areas of the image that should be considered as points of interest in the frame.
Camera: Canon EOS 1100D
F-stop: f/6.3
Exposure Time: 1/160 seconds
ISO: ISO-400
In the photograph on the left, the rule of
thirds gird has been placed over it,
revealing it’s intersecting points and key
areas. Three of the points align with the
subjects of the photograph, due to the
two animals positioning. The image looks
balanced yet unique, as one duck is
standing while the other is sitting. This
helps create a ‘photograph of two halves’
style image.
7. Examples of Rule of thirds
This photograph was taken in the college,
with lighting from above and surrounding
rooms. However, the light wasn’t fully on
the subject, hence the ISO.
Camera: Canon EOS 1100D
F-stop: f/5.6
Exposure Time: 1/125 seconds
ISO: ISO 3200
This photograph was taken in a forest
on a very overcast, grey day. This is why
I used the large ISO and f-stop.
Camera: Canon EOS 1100D
F-stop: f/16
Exposure Time: 1/100 seconds
ISO: ISO 6400
In the first image, the two key points of the photograph occupy the rule of third grid’s intersecting points. They are aligned
with the person on the left and the sign-text on the right. Though the image has two key areas of note, the effect of the rules
of third grid makes it look more balanced than cluttered. The second image features a small collection of flowers on the right
and plain greenery on the left. The flowers add balance and colour, contrasting well with the green. Their location matches
well with the rule of thirds grid and makes for an aesthetically pleasing image.
8. Aperture
& Depth
of Field
A camera can only focus its lens at a single point, but there will be an area
that stretches in front of and behind this focus point that still appears sharp.
This area of ‘sharpness’ is known as the depth of field. The distance can
change depending on the aperture settings and can be described as either
‘shallow’ (where only a narrow zone appears sharp) or ‘deep’ (where more of
the picture appears sharp). A shallow aperture image will only have certain
portion of it sharp, which would be preferable for pictures that are meant to
have a certain focal point. The opposite applies for a deep image, which will
be where the photographer wants a larger portion of the picture sharper and
clearer. The depth of field is determined by three factors – aperture size,
distance from the lens, and the focal length of the lens. The aperture size can
be chosen from the listed f/stop selections, like the ones below. An aperture
of f/1.4 is wide, while an aperture of f/8 is small. The former would offer
more depth of field while the latter wouldn’t. The distance the subject of the
image is from the camera lens can have a great impact on the depth of field,
as the shots could differ from long shots to close ups. An f/stop is ratio of the
lens's focal length to the diameter of the entrance pupil.
The effect of the varying aperture on the two images at the side is very clear.
The first had a high aperture/ f stop and subsequently, much more of the
image is sharper, which is very good considering the various elements
featured in it. It helps create a more varied, aesthetic image. The second had
a lower aperture and therefore only a certain portion of the image is sharp-the
apple and the branch it is on. This creates a focal point for the
photograph.
Camera: Canon EOS 1100D
F/stop: f/16
Exposure time: 1/100 seconds.
ISO: 6400
Camera: Canon EOS 1100D
F/stop: f/ 5.6
Exposure time: 1/125 seconds.
ISO: 800
9. Aperture & Depth of Field
NARROW DEPTH OF FIELD WIDE DEPTH OF FIELD
Camera: Canon EOS 1100D
F/stop: f/16
Exposure time:1/100 seconds
ISO: 6400
Camera: Canon EOS 1100D
F/stop: f/5.6
Exposure time: 1/125 seconds
ISO: 800
The difference between the two images here due to different aperture sizes (f/stops) is very noticeable. The image on the
left has a smaller f/stop and therefore a narrower depth of field. You can see the apple and leaves sharply and clearly, but
the background is a blur and cannot be made out. This effectively makes the apple the focal point of the image. The image
on the right has a higher f/stop and therefore a wider depth of field. The clarity in the photograph is very evenly distributed
and though the flowers are effectively the focal point, this is due to the fact they are the brightest subjects of the image.
Everything within the frame is generally of equal sharpness.
10. Manual
Exposure
Manual exposure mode is where you set the shutter speed, aperture,
ISO and some other functions on your camera. The camera may be
equipped with a monitor to suggest which values to set, although you
may use your own knowledge. Using manual exposure mode allows you
to tailor the settings of the camera to your needs and desires and means
that you can effectively craft various elements of the photograph as you
see fit. Having a camera in manual mode means that the photographer
has control over the photograph and means they can decide the look
and feel of the image.
On the right are some images which I shot in manual exposure mode.
The top is one from earlier in the PowerPoint, where I put on a 3 second
shutter speed while I was capturing an image of coloured light bulbs. As
my hand moved, the camera captured the lights in their various places. I
wouldn’t have been able to do this without a slow shutter speed, which
I was inspired to by similar images I saw during my research.
The second image was taken with an ISO of 3200, which allows for a
bright and clear image. I had previously taken the shot with an ISO of
800 but due to the lighting inside, it came up dark. By being in manual
exposure mode, I was able to change the ISO to make the image better
and the way I wanted it.
Camera: Canon EOS 1100D
Exposure time:1/125
F/stop: f/5.6
ISO Speed: 3200