refugess of pakistan

2. POPULATION GEOGRAPHY
TOPIC
REFUGEES
Presented by rabia rehman

3. REFUGEE
• Who is a refugee?
• A refugee is someone who has been forced to flee his or her country
because of persecution, war, or violence. A refugee has a well-
founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality,
political opinion or membership in a particular social group. Most
likely, they cannot return home or are afraid to do so. War and ethnic,
tribal and religious violence are leading causes of refugees fleeing
their countries.

4. The majority of refugees prefer to return home
as soon as it is safe to do so, after a conflict and
the country is being rebuilt. The un high
commissioner for refugees (UNHCR)
encourages voluntary repatriation, or return, as
the best solution for displaced people. The
agency often provides transportation and other
assistance, such as money, tools and seeds.
Occasionally, UNHCR helps rebuild homes,
schools and roads
REFUGEES

5. Who is an internally displaced person
• An internally displaced person (IDP) is a person who has been forced
to flee his or her home for the same reason as a refugee, but remains
in his or her own country and has not crossed an international border.

7. Comparison between the number of refugees and IDPs who are supported by the UNHCR between 1998 and 2014]
End-year 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
Refugees 11,480,900 12,129,600 10,594,100 9,574,800 9,877,700 10,489,800 10,549,700 10,498,000 14,385,300
IDPs 5,063,900 5,998,500 4,646,600 5,426,500 12,794,300 14,442,200 14,697,900 17,670,400 32,274,600

8. National Refugee Population End-2000
332,510
414,930427,210484,390508,220
680,860
906,000
1,868,000
2,001,470
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
Pakistan Iran Germany Tanzania United
States
Yugoslavia Guinea Sudan Democratic
Republic of
Congo

10. Factors affecting repatriation process of Afghan
Refugees in Pakistan
• Former Soviet forces entered Afghanistan on December 1, 1979. Many forces in
and out of Afghanistan opposed the intervention and started armed struggle
against Soviet occupation. Armed struggle and the invasion resulted in mass
migration of Afghan’s to neighboring countries including Pakistan. The number of
Afghan refugees in Pakistan reached 2 million by year the 1984. They started
living in different parts of Pakistan in camps mainly at Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP)
(Former NWFP) and Baluchistan. The situation kept escalating until the Soviet
Union remained present in Afghanistan and the refugee numbers increased to 4
million in Pakistan.
• When Soviet Union retreated from Afghanistan in 1989, some refugees returned
to Afghanistan but as the situation remained tense in Afghanistan and a large
number of refugees returning to Pakistan during this time.

11. • 1.5 million of Afghan refugees are still residing in Pakistan, who are not ready to
go back Afghanistan. Living for three decades in Pakistan the refugees have no
intentions of repatriating to Afghanistan. Pushed by the high level of resentment
among Pakistani people against the Afghan refugees, the Government of Pakistan
wants their immediate repatriation.
• While working with UNHCR funded voluntary repatriation project, in Kohat,
Pakistan, I observed some factors impeding repatriation of Afghan refugees,
through Focused Group Discussions (FGD’s) and individual household interviews.
These factors are both in Pakistan and Afghanistan.

12. Factors in Afghanistan
• Following are some of the factors in Afghanistan which affects the repatriation
process of Afghan Refugees.
• •Lack of peace and stability in Afghanistan.
• •Bad law and order situation in Afghanistan.
• •Violation of Human rights.
• •Lack of economic opportunities.
• •Refugees have enmities back in Afghanistan.
• •No land /property in Afghanistan.
• •Damaged houses.

13. • No land /property in Afghanistan.
• Damaged houses.
• Presence of allied forces
• Lack of job opportunities.
• Lack of social services.
• New culture in Afghanistan especially for the generation born and brought up in
Pakistan.

14. Factors in Pakistan:
• Below are some of the factors affecting repatriation process of Afghan
refugees.
• Better economic conditions.
• Most of the refugees have established businesses in Pakistan.
• Better social services as compared to Afghanistan.
• Better Educational opportunities than Afghanistan.
• Employment opportunities.
• The new generation grown in Pakistan has adopted Pakistani life-style
which does not exist in Afghanistan.

15. Refugees in Pakistan
The UNHCR reported in February 2017 that approximately 1.3 million registered
Afghan citizens remained in Pakistan, with distribution as follows: Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa (81%); Punjab (10%); Baluchistan (7%); and Sindh (1%).
• The overwhelming majority of these Afghans were actually born and raised in
Pakistan in the last 30 years but are still considered citizens of Afghanistan, They
include mostly Afghanistan's Pashtuns followed
by Tajiks, Hazaras, Uzbeks, Baloch, Turkmen, and others. As of March 2012,
Pakistan has banned extension of visas to all foreigners.

16. Refugees Distribution in pakistan
• Most Afghans are generally found in the Pashtun dominated areas of
Pakistan, which includes Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the Federally
Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and the city of Quetta in
northern Baluchistan. Smaller communities exist
in Karachi, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Lahore, and possibly other major
cities.
• 85% of Afghan refugees in Pakistan are Pashtuns, while the remaining
15% are Uzbeks, Tajiks and members other ethnic groups. Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa hosts the largest Afghan refugee population (62.1%),
followed by Balochistan (30.3%), Punjab (4.2%), Sindh (4.2%),
Islamabad (2%) and Azad Kashmir (0.4%).

17. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
• Thousands of Afghan immigrants reside in various parts of Peshawar such
as Latifabad, Zaryab colony, Hayatabad, Tehkal, Afghan colony, Afridiabad and
Sethitown.
• After Peshawar, the city of Quetta ranks second with the most Afghan refugees
(20%).

18. Islamabad
• Before 2006, there were about 25,000 Afghans living in a refugee camp between
the capital Islamabad and the adjoining sister city of Rawalpindi. After the closure
of the camp, the refugees were relocated and about 7,335 Afghans were reported
to be living in Rawalpindi. In 2009, it was reported that the UNHCR helped some
3,000 refugees move from the slums of Islamabad to an undeveloped plot of land
in a green belt on the edge of the city

19. Sindh
According to the UNHCR and the local law enforcement agency, about 10000
Afghan refugees live in Karachi as of 2009.
"Sindh is home to some 62,000 Afghan refugees and most of them are staying in
Karachi.

20. Punjab
• in June 2007, the National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA)
registered 16,439 Afghans living in the eastern Pakistani city of Lahore.

21. Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan
• During the 1980s, around 13,000 Afghans made their way to various cities of Azad
Kashmir, A news article by Mazhar Tufail in The News International mentioned
that there may be some Afghans among other foreigners in Azad Kashmir but no
other details were provided. As of 2015, there were 11,000 unregistered Afghan
refugees in Azad Kashmir who faced possible expulsion or deportation. Afghan
ethnic groups from the Wakhan Corridor region have also maintained historical
migration to the Gilgit–Baltistan region of northern Pakistan.

24. Refugees of Syria
Civil war broke out in March 2011, and more than 9 million people have been
displaced by fighting. According to the United Nations High Commission for
Refugees (UNHCR) around 2.6 million Syrians have fled to neighboring countries
and more than 6.5 million have been displaced within Syria. Children constitute at
least half of the displaced population

25. • Which countries take in the Syrian refugees?
• Turkey: 1.9 million
• Remarkably, this country now shelters almost half of the Syrian refugees and
clearly has more than it can handle.
• It's the No. 1 destination for displaced families.
•
Lebanon: 1.1 million
• The influx is so profound in Lebanon that the 1.1 million Syrian refugees mark a
25% increase in the country's 4.4 million population.
• Those figures make Lebanon the country with the highest per capita
concentration of refugees, the United Nations says. It also shares a border with
Syria.

26. • Jordan: 629,000
• Jordan provides shelter to a large number of refugees from Syria, Iraq, Somalia
and Sudan, but Syrians constitute the majority of Jordan's refugee
population, the United Nations says.
•
Iraq: 249,00Egypt: 132,000
• Egypt rounds out this look at how the Mideast hosts most of the Syrian refugees.
• No refugees live in camps there.

27. • Syrian refugees have been fleeing to neighboring countries such as Lebanon,
Turkey, Jordan and Iraq. According to UNHCR, more than one million Syrians are
taking refuge in Lebanon, around 700,000 in Turkey, another 600,000 in Jordan
and Iraq hosts more than 200,000 refugees.

30. Syrian refugees cross from Syria to Turkey via the Orontes River, near the
village of Hacipasa, Turkey, Dec. 8, 2012. (AP Photo/Manu Brabo, File)

31. This Wednesday, Oct. 23, 2013, photo shows a general view of Zaatari refugee camp
near the Syrian border in Jordan. With Syria’s civil war in its third year, more than 2
million Syrians have

35. Problems for host country
• Threats to internal security - Many refugees come from situations of civil war and
bring their weapons with them. These are then used by some for crimes, which
include armed robbery and poaching.
• Developing country that host large groups of refugees, caring for them means
significant additional burden to an already fragile economy.
• Refugees can also breed resentment inside a host country. In many instances,
people inside a particular refugee camp may have more food and health care
than poor native residents living just outside the camp's fence
• Refugee camps are tempting targets for troublemakers. Rebels have been known
to hide themselves (and their weapons) inside the relative safety of a refugee or
IDP camp.