A systematic review uses systematic and explicit methods to identify, select, critically appraise, and extract and analyze data from relevant research [Higgins & Green 2011].
This workshop is meant to be an introduction to the systematic review process. Further information about systematic reviews was available through a research guide. http://libguides.ucalgary.ca/content.php?pid=593664
A systematic review is a structured review that pools the results of multiple studies on a topic using meta-analysis. It aims to summarize evidence from studies addressing a specific clinical question in a rigorous, unbiased manner to explain differences among studies on the same question. Systematic reviews are considered the highest level of evidence and are needed because individual studies may have biases or low statistical power to detect effects.
This document provides an overview of systematic literature reviews. It defines systematic reviews as reviews that use explicit and reproducible methods to identify, select, and critically appraise relevant research to answer a specific question. The key steps outlined include developing a protocol, formulating a review question using PICO elements, establishing inclusion/exclusion criteria, systematically searching literature sources, selecting studies, assessing study quality, extracting data, synthesizing results, and interpreting findings. Examples are provided for many of the steps like developing search strategies, creating logs to document the process, and tools for summarizing evidence like PRISMA diagrams and data tables.
A systematic review is a comprehensive literature review designed to answer a specific clinical question using a pre-defined protocol. It requires at least 12 months to conduct due to extensive searches of published and unpublished studies, validity assessments of included studies, data collection, analysis, and keeping the review up-to-date. In contrast, a traditional literature review does not follow a pre-specified protocol or aim to be comprehensive. Systematic reviews also publish detailed search strategies to allow replication and apply statistical methods like meta-analysis to synthesized data from included studies.
A systematic review is a rigorous analysis of published research on a focused question that collects and summarizes the evidence. It contrasts with an overview, which may include non-research articles and be influenced by other evidence. Meta-analysis uses statistical methods to combine results from multiple studies. To ensure validity, meta-analyses must have a well-defined methodology, including comprehensive searches and duplicate screening and data extraction to reduce bias. Important factors include assessing whether all relevant studies were found and the sources searched, as well as controlling for biases such as from selective data extraction or funding influences.
This document outlines the process for conducting a systematic review. It defines a systematic review as a review that uses explicit and reproducible methods to identify, select, and critically appraise relevant research and collect and analyze data from the included studies. It notes that systematic reviews help address biases and provide more robust evidence than individual studies. The document describes the key steps in a systematic review as developing a focused question, performing a comprehensive search, applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, assessing study quality, extracting data, performing meta-analyses if appropriate, and interpreting results. It also discusses challenges such as ensuring systematic reviews address developing world priorities and include studies conducted in those settings.
1) A systematic review follows a strict methodology to identify and analyze relevant research on a focused question.
2) The process involves developing a protocol, searching multiple databases, screening studies, assessing bias, and synthesizing data.
3) Reporting guidelines like PRISMA ensure transparency and consistency in reporting systematic reviews.
This workshop is meant to be an introduction to the systematic review process. Further information about systematic reviews was available through a research guide. http://libguides.ucalgary.ca/content.php?pid=593664
A systematic review is a structured review that pools the results of multiple studies on a topic using meta-analysis. It aims to summarize evidence from studies addressing a specific clinical question in a rigorous, unbiased manner to explain differences among studies on the same question. Systematic reviews are considered the highest level of evidence and are needed because individual studies may have biases or low statistical power to detect effects.
This document provides an overview of systematic literature reviews. It defines systematic reviews as reviews that use explicit and reproducible methods to identify, select, and critically appraise relevant research to answer a specific question. The key steps outlined include developing a protocol, formulating a review question using PICO elements, establishing inclusion/exclusion criteria, systematically searching literature sources, selecting studies, assessing study quality, extracting data, synthesizing results, and interpreting findings. Examples are provided for many of the steps like developing search strategies, creating logs to document the process, and tools for summarizing evidence like PRISMA diagrams and data tables.
A systematic review is a comprehensive literature review designed to answer a specific clinical question using a pre-defined protocol. It requires at least 12 months to conduct due to extensive searches of published and unpublished studies, validity assessments of included studies, data collection, analysis, and keeping the review up-to-date. In contrast, a traditional literature review does not follow a pre-specified protocol or aim to be comprehensive. Systematic reviews also publish detailed search strategies to allow replication and apply statistical methods like meta-analysis to synthesized data from included studies.
A systematic review is a rigorous analysis of published research on a focused question that collects and summarizes the evidence. It contrasts with an overview, which may include non-research articles and be influenced by other evidence. Meta-analysis uses statistical methods to combine results from multiple studies. To ensure validity, meta-analyses must have a well-defined methodology, including comprehensive searches and duplicate screening and data extraction to reduce bias. Important factors include assessing whether all relevant studies were found and the sources searched, as well as controlling for biases such as from selective data extraction or funding influences.
This document outlines the process for conducting a systematic review. It defines a systematic review as a review that uses explicit and reproducible methods to identify, select, and critically appraise relevant research and collect and analyze data from the included studies. It notes that systematic reviews help address biases and provide more robust evidence than individual studies. The document describes the key steps in a systematic review as developing a focused question, performing a comprehensive search, applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, assessing study quality, extracting data, performing meta-analyses if appropriate, and interpreting results. It also discusses challenges such as ensuring systematic reviews address developing world priorities and include studies conducted in those settings.
1) A systematic review follows a strict methodology to identify and analyze relevant research on a focused question.
2) The process involves developing a protocol, searching multiple databases, screening studies, assessing bias, and synthesizing data.
3) Reporting guidelines like PRISMA ensure transparency and consistency in reporting systematic reviews.
Summary slides for "Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Course for Healthcare Professionals", January 8-9, 2013, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
http://KAMCResearch.org
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses aim to summarize all available evidence on a topic. A systematic review collects and analyzes results from relevant studies, while a meta-analysis uses statistical methods to combine results into a pooled estimate. Meta-analyses can determine if an effect exists and its direction, but are subject to biases from unpublished or missing studies. They provide more reliable conclusions than individual studies but also have limitations like heterogeneity between studies.
Introduction to Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis Hasanain Ghazi
The document discusses systematic reviews and meta-analyses. It defines systematic reviews as a summary of available healthcare studies that provides high-level evidence on healthcare interventions. Meta-analyses use statistical methods to quantitatively summarize results across multiple studies. The document outlines the steps in conducting systematic reviews, including developing a protocol, searching for evidence, assessing risk of bias, and synthesizing findings. It also discusses how meta-analyses can help determine the strength and consistency of effects across studies.
1. The PICO model is used to structure clinical questions and formulate answerable research questions. It breaks questions down into four key elements - Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome.
2. A good research question will be clearly linked to the overall project goal, allow identification of the target population and study subjects, and guide the appropriate choice of study design and data collection methods.
3. The example discusses using the PICO model to formulate the question "What evidence is there to support ‘honey’ therapy for the treatment of neck wound dehiscense rather than conventional debridement therapies?"
This document provides an introduction and overview of systematic reviews. It defines systematic reviews and their key characteristics, including having a clearly defined question and methodology for systematically searching, appraising, and synthesizing the available evidence to answer a specific question. It contrasts systematic reviews with other types of literature reviews and outlines the main steps in planning and conducting a systematic review, including developing a protocol and search strategy.
Critical appraisal is the process of carefully examining research to judge its validity, relevance, and applicability. It is important to ensure research findings are valid and applicable to one's own population before incorporating them into clinical practice. While research is peer-reviewed, critical appraisal is still needed to avoid misinterpreting results. When critically appraising research, one should examine aspects like the research question, methodology, results, discussion and conclusions to determine the overall quality and implications. Checklists exist to standardize the critical appraisal of different study designs.
The document provides an introduction to systematic reviews and meta-analyses. It discusses that systematic reviews aim to reduce bias by comprehensively identifying, appraising, and synthesizing all relevant studies on a topic. They often include a meta-analysis to statistically synthesize data from multiple studies. Systematic reviews use a predefined protocol and search strategy to find all studies, whereas traditional reviews may not consider study quality or report how conclusions follow from evidence. The key steps in a systematic review are developing a protocol, conducting a comprehensive literature search, assessing study eligibility, extracting data, critically appraising studies, and synthesizing results.
Overview of systematic review and meta analysisDrsnehas2
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses aim to summarize research evidence on a topic. This document provides an overview of how to conduct systematic reviews and meta-analyses, including formulating a question, identifying relevant studies, extracting data, assessing bias, synthesizing data through meta-analysis if appropriate, interpreting results, and updating reviews. Key steps involve developing eligibility criteria, searching multiple databases, assessing risk of bias, addressing heterogeneity, and evaluating for publication bias. Conducting reviews using standardized methods helps provide reliable conclusions to inform clinical practice and policy-making.
- Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are experiments in which people are randomly allocated to different intervention groups in order to evaluate the effects of those interventions.
- RCTs help reduce bias and allow for comparisons between groups that are otherwise similar. Random allocation means each participant has an equal chance of being placed in any group.
- RCTs involve an experimental group that receives the new intervention being tested and a control group that receives an alternative treatment, no treatment, or a placebo. Comparing outcomes between the groups allows researchers to determine the efficacy of the intervention.
This document discusses different types of research classification. It describes how research can be classified based on the type of data (qualitative vs quantitative), availability of data (primary vs secondary), research setting (public health, clinical, pre-clinical), study design (observational vs analytic vs experimental), and research method (philosophical, historical, survey, experimental, case study). Clinical trials are also discussed, including phases 0 through 4. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are important to scientific research.
A systematic review (SR) is a rigorous and organized method to synthesize
the evidence from multiple studies on a particular research question or topic.
The purpose of a systematic review is to identify, appraise, and summarize all
available evidence relevant to a specific research question in a transparent
and replicable manner.
It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of academic literature
concerning a particular research question of topic.
This presentation explores the steps nee
This document discusses different types of epidemiological studies, with a focus on experimental studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). It describes the key features of RCTs, including that they: (1) involve randomly allocating subjects into study and control groups to receive or not receive an intervention, (2) aim to control for confounding factors through randomization, and (3) are considered the gold standard for evaluating interventions due to their ability to minimize bias. The document outlines the basic steps in conducting an RCT, from developing a protocol to randomization, intervention, follow-up, assessment and analysis. It also discusses types of RCTs and their importance in evaluating treatments, prevention, risk factors and more.
Critical appraisal is the process of carefully and systematically analyze the research paper to judge its trustworthiness, its value and relevance in a particular context. (Amanda Burls 2009)
A critical review must identify the strengths and limitations in a research paper and this should be carried out in a systematic manner.
The Critical Appraisal helps in developing the necessary skills to make sense of scientific evidence, based on validity, results and relevance.
This document discusses different study designs used in research. It defines a study design as a specific plan for conducting a study that allows the investigator to translate a conceptual hypothesis into an operational one. The document outlines different types of study designs including descriptive studies, analytical observational studies like cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, and cohort studies, as well as experimental/interventional studies. For each study design, it provides details on the unit of study, study question, direction of inquiry, and key aspects of the design.
This document outlines the process for conducting a systematic review. It begins by defining a systematic review as a review of research on a clearly formulated question that uses explicit and reproducible methods. It notes systematic reviews aim to identify, appraise, and synthesize all high-quality research evidence relevant to that question. The document then discusses why systematic reviews are important for summarizing evidence, limiting bias, and avoiding errors. It provides examples of how systematic reviews can help establish evidence-based practices. Finally, it describes the typical steps involved in conducting a systematic review, from developing a question to interpreting results.
This document provides information on conducting a literature review. It defines a literature review and discusses the key components, including identifying and synthesizing existing works on a topic through a systematic process. The document outlines 7 steps for conducting a literature review: selecting research questions, sources, search terms, screening criteria, quality assessment, reviewing the literature, and synthesizing results. It also discusses different types of literature reviews and provides guidance on writing an introduction, body, and conclusion. Additionally, the document describes various resources and databases for searching literature, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. It emphasizes developing a search strategy using keywords and Boolean operators to efficiently extract relevant information.
This document provides guidance on developing a systematic and comprehensive search strategy for systematic reviews. It explains that a systematic search strategy is essential to capture all relevant studies on a topic. The strategy should include synonyms for key concepts, Boolean operators to combine terms, and subject headings from different databases. It provides an example of developing a search strategy based on turning a research question into PICO components and combining population, intervention, comparison, and outcome terms. The search strategy example spans multiple slides and databases to model a comprehensive approach.
This document discusses descriptive studies, specifically cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. It provides the characteristics and objectives of descriptive studies, as well as the steps involved in conducting a cross-sectional study. Some common issues with descriptive studies are validity, bias, and sample size. Longitudinal studies are described as a series of cross-sectional studies conducted over time on the same population.
Basics of Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Part 1Rizwan S A
This document discusses the basics of conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis, including choosing a novel and interesting topic where evidence is still unclear, writing a protocol according to PRISMA-P guidelines and registering the review, searching various databases and other sources for literature, developing a search strategy and flowchart for study selection, and ensuring an exhaustive literature review by obtaining full texts and contacting authors and experts for unpublished work or additional data.
Construct a EMBASE Search that complements your MEDLINE search
Discuss other databases to consider for searching
Understand the role of GreyLit in systematic reviews
Searching for clinical trials
Download and manage results
This document provides guidance on planning and conducting a literature search for a systematic review. It discusses developing a searchable question using the PICO framework, identifying keywords, subject headings and synonyms for concepts, selecting databases to search, developing search strategies, and documenting the search process. Tips are provided for translating search strategies across databases, managing search results, and writing the search methodology for inclusion in the systematic review. The goal is to comprehensively identify all relevant published evidence through systematic searching of multiple literature databases.
Summary slides for "Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Course for Healthcare Professionals", January 8-9, 2013, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
http://KAMCResearch.org
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses aim to summarize all available evidence on a topic. A systematic review collects and analyzes results from relevant studies, while a meta-analysis uses statistical methods to combine results into a pooled estimate. Meta-analyses can determine if an effect exists and its direction, but are subject to biases from unpublished or missing studies. They provide more reliable conclusions than individual studies but also have limitations like heterogeneity between studies.
Introduction to Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis Hasanain Ghazi
The document discusses systematic reviews and meta-analyses. It defines systematic reviews as a summary of available healthcare studies that provides high-level evidence on healthcare interventions. Meta-analyses use statistical methods to quantitatively summarize results across multiple studies. The document outlines the steps in conducting systematic reviews, including developing a protocol, searching for evidence, assessing risk of bias, and synthesizing findings. It also discusses how meta-analyses can help determine the strength and consistency of effects across studies.
1. The PICO model is used to structure clinical questions and formulate answerable research questions. It breaks questions down into four key elements - Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome.
2. A good research question will be clearly linked to the overall project goal, allow identification of the target population and study subjects, and guide the appropriate choice of study design and data collection methods.
3. The example discusses using the PICO model to formulate the question "What evidence is there to support ‘honey’ therapy for the treatment of neck wound dehiscense rather than conventional debridement therapies?"
This document provides an introduction and overview of systematic reviews. It defines systematic reviews and their key characteristics, including having a clearly defined question and methodology for systematically searching, appraising, and synthesizing the available evidence to answer a specific question. It contrasts systematic reviews with other types of literature reviews and outlines the main steps in planning and conducting a systematic review, including developing a protocol and search strategy.
Critical appraisal is the process of carefully examining research to judge its validity, relevance, and applicability. It is important to ensure research findings are valid and applicable to one's own population before incorporating them into clinical practice. While research is peer-reviewed, critical appraisal is still needed to avoid misinterpreting results. When critically appraising research, one should examine aspects like the research question, methodology, results, discussion and conclusions to determine the overall quality and implications. Checklists exist to standardize the critical appraisal of different study designs.
The document provides an introduction to systematic reviews and meta-analyses. It discusses that systematic reviews aim to reduce bias by comprehensively identifying, appraising, and synthesizing all relevant studies on a topic. They often include a meta-analysis to statistically synthesize data from multiple studies. Systematic reviews use a predefined protocol and search strategy to find all studies, whereas traditional reviews may not consider study quality or report how conclusions follow from evidence. The key steps in a systematic review are developing a protocol, conducting a comprehensive literature search, assessing study eligibility, extracting data, critically appraising studies, and synthesizing results.
Overview of systematic review and meta analysisDrsnehas2
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses aim to summarize research evidence on a topic. This document provides an overview of how to conduct systematic reviews and meta-analyses, including formulating a question, identifying relevant studies, extracting data, assessing bias, synthesizing data through meta-analysis if appropriate, interpreting results, and updating reviews. Key steps involve developing eligibility criteria, searching multiple databases, assessing risk of bias, addressing heterogeneity, and evaluating for publication bias. Conducting reviews using standardized methods helps provide reliable conclusions to inform clinical practice and policy-making.
- Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are experiments in which people are randomly allocated to different intervention groups in order to evaluate the effects of those interventions.
- RCTs help reduce bias and allow for comparisons between groups that are otherwise similar. Random allocation means each participant has an equal chance of being placed in any group.
- RCTs involve an experimental group that receives the new intervention being tested and a control group that receives an alternative treatment, no treatment, or a placebo. Comparing outcomes between the groups allows researchers to determine the efficacy of the intervention.
This document discusses different types of research classification. It describes how research can be classified based on the type of data (qualitative vs quantitative), availability of data (primary vs secondary), research setting (public health, clinical, pre-clinical), study design (observational vs analytic vs experimental), and research method (philosophical, historical, survey, experimental, case study). Clinical trials are also discussed, including phases 0 through 4. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are important to scientific research.
A systematic review (SR) is a rigorous and organized method to synthesize
the evidence from multiple studies on a particular research question or topic.
The purpose of a systematic review is to identify, appraise, and summarize all
available evidence relevant to a specific research question in a transparent
and replicable manner.
It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of academic literature
concerning a particular research question of topic.
This presentation explores the steps nee
This document discusses different types of epidemiological studies, with a focus on experimental studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). It describes the key features of RCTs, including that they: (1) involve randomly allocating subjects into study and control groups to receive or not receive an intervention, (2) aim to control for confounding factors through randomization, and (3) are considered the gold standard for evaluating interventions due to their ability to minimize bias. The document outlines the basic steps in conducting an RCT, from developing a protocol to randomization, intervention, follow-up, assessment and analysis. It also discusses types of RCTs and their importance in evaluating treatments, prevention, risk factors and more.
Critical appraisal is the process of carefully and systematically analyze the research paper to judge its trustworthiness, its value and relevance in a particular context. (Amanda Burls 2009)
A critical review must identify the strengths and limitations in a research paper and this should be carried out in a systematic manner.
The Critical Appraisal helps in developing the necessary skills to make sense of scientific evidence, based on validity, results and relevance.
This document discusses different study designs used in research. It defines a study design as a specific plan for conducting a study that allows the investigator to translate a conceptual hypothesis into an operational one. The document outlines different types of study designs including descriptive studies, analytical observational studies like cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, and cohort studies, as well as experimental/interventional studies. For each study design, it provides details on the unit of study, study question, direction of inquiry, and key aspects of the design.
This document outlines the process for conducting a systematic review. It begins by defining a systematic review as a review of research on a clearly formulated question that uses explicit and reproducible methods. It notes systematic reviews aim to identify, appraise, and synthesize all high-quality research evidence relevant to that question. The document then discusses why systematic reviews are important for summarizing evidence, limiting bias, and avoiding errors. It provides examples of how systematic reviews can help establish evidence-based practices. Finally, it describes the typical steps involved in conducting a systematic review, from developing a question to interpreting results.
This document provides information on conducting a literature review. It defines a literature review and discusses the key components, including identifying and synthesizing existing works on a topic through a systematic process. The document outlines 7 steps for conducting a literature review: selecting research questions, sources, search terms, screening criteria, quality assessment, reviewing the literature, and synthesizing results. It also discusses different types of literature reviews and provides guidance on writing an introduction, body, and conclusion. Additionally, the document describes various resources and databases for searching literature, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. It emphasizes developing a search strategy using keywords and Boolean operators to efficiently extract relevant information.
This document provides guidance on developing a systematic and comprehensive search strategy for systematic reviews. It explains that a systematic search strategy is essential to capture all relevant studies on a topic. The strategy should include synonyms for key concepts, Boolean operators to combine terms, and subject headings from different databases. It provides an example of developing a search strategy based on turning a research question into PICO components and combining population, intervention, comparison, and outcome terms. The search strategy example spans multiple slides and databases to model a comprehensive approach.
This document discusses descriptive studies, specifically cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. It provides the characteristics and objectives of descriptive studies, as well as the steps involved in conducting a cross-sectional study. Some common issues with descriptive studies are validity, bias, and sample size. Longitudinal studies are described as a series of cross-sectional studies conducted over time on the same population.
Basics of Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Part 1Rizwan S A
This document discusses the basics of conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis, including choosing a novel and interesting topic where evidence is still unclear, writing a protocol according to PRISMA-P guidelines and registering the review, searching various databases and other sources for literature, developing a search strategy and flowchart for study selection, and ensuring an exhaustive literature review by obtaining full texts and contacting authors and experts for unpublished work or additional data.
Construct a EMBASE Search that complements your MEDLINE search
Discuss other databases to consider for searching
Understand the role of GreyLit in systematic reviews
Searching for clinical trials
Download and manage results
This document provides guidance on planning and conducting a literature search for a systematic review. It discusses developing a searchable question using the PICO framework, identifying keywords, subject headings and synonyms for concepts, selecting databases to search, developing search strategies, and documenting the search process. Tips are provided for translating search strategies across databases, managing search results, and writing the search methodology for inclusion in the systematic review. The goal is to comprehensively identify all relevant published evidence through systematic searching of multiple literature databases.
Describe the major available electronic resources
Describe how to build a search strategy
Describe some alternate sources for finding trials
Describe what to do once you get your search results
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This work aims to provide a practical guide to assist students of Computer Science
courses and related fields to conduct a systematic literature review. The steps proposed
in this paper to conduct a systematic review were extracted from a technical report
published by the researcher Bárbara Kitchenham [1] and arranged in a more objective
format, in order to make information more accessible and practical, especially for those
who are having their first contact with this technique.
This document provides guidance for writing a systematic literature review, including defining a clear research question, following reporting standards like PRISMA, registering the review, developing an exhaustive search strategy across multiple databases, and using reference management software to organize sources. Key steps include creating a protocol that outlines the question, search terms, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and reporting plan in order to conduct a rigorous and unbiased review that identifies what is already known about the topic and guides future research.
This document provides an overview of performing effective searches in databases. It discusses developing a clear research question, identifying appropriate search terms and databases, and using effective search strategies like subject headings, boolean operators, and limits. The goal is to search efficiently and retrieve high-quality results with less time and reading required. Key steps outlined are formulating the question, choosing relevant databases, developing a search strategy, performing the search, and evaluating results.
This document provides guidance on searching the medical literature. It discusses four categories of information resources, criteria for selecting resources, and five databases for finding primary studies. It outlines how to develop a search strategy, including turning a question into search concepts and keywords. It also covers running searches, applying screening criteria to search results, and synthesizing findings. The goal is to perform a systematic, explicit and reproducible search of the biomedical literature.
The document provides an overview of how to conduct a systematic search to identify relevant research for a systematic review. It discusses developing a clear research question, selecting appropriate databases and sources, developing a search strategy using subject headings and keywords, applying limits and screens, and exporting references to a citation manager. Tips are provided for developing an effective search strategy, applying it across multiple databases, and identifying additional relevant studies through other methods like hand searching. Contact information is given for experts available to help with the systematic search process.
The document provides guidance on selecting evidence-based medicine tools and resources for clinicians. It recommends keeping resources simple, focusing on those that are free or accessible at the point of care. Primary research sites like PubMed and specialized databases like Cochrane and National Guideline Clearinghouse are suggested as starting places. When formulating questions, a systematic search process including guidelines, reviews and primary studies is outlined.
This document provides guidance on searching for and managing external evidence to answer clinical questions using an evidence-based practice approach. It discusses determining available resources, carefully constructing search questions, using keywords and controlled vocabularies, combining and limiting searches, appraising evidence found, and organizing search results. The goal is to efficiently find the best available evidence to inform clinical decision making.
This document provides guidance on conducting a literature review, including selecting research questions, choosing relevant sources and search terms, running searches in bibliographic databases, and screening results. Key steps include breaking the research question into concepts, identifying subject headings and text words for each, running searches and combining results, and applying practical and methodological screening criteria to identify the most useful studies. The goal is to synthesize current knowledge on the topic to support new research.
This document provides an overview of library resources available for athletic training students and professionals. It outlines the agenda for an instruction session on evidence-based practice in athletic training. The session will cover developing answerable clinical questions, searching relevant databases and other literature, appraising evidence levels, and applying evidence-based practices. Key databases for athletic training research are discussed, including PubMed, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL Plus, and others. Search techniques like using keywords, Boolean operators, and subject headings are also reviewed.
This document provides an overview of evidence-based searching strategies for nursing research. It discusses developing a focused research question using PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome), identifying appropriate databases and search terms, using Boolean operators and subject headings to conduct a systematic search, and tips for refining search results. Key databases for nursing evidence include CINAHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and Embase. The document emphasizes formulating a clear research question and using both controlled vocabulary and keywords to comprehensively search the literature.
How to Conduct a Literature Review (ISRAPM 2014)Saeid Safari
The document provides guidance on conducting a literature review, including how to search references in medical journals. It discusses selecting appropriate information resources and databases for primary studies. It outlines a 7-step process for conducting a systematic literature review, including selecting research questions, choosing search terms, applying screening criteria, and synthesizing results. Key tips are provided for developing an effective search strategy and evaluating sources.
The document outlines the key steps in the research process, including developing the research project, reviewing literature, creating a research proposal, conducting a pilot study, and project management. It discusses developing a research question and aims, reviewing background literature and gaps, designing methodology, and plans for analysis, reporting, and writing up results. Methods of searching literature systematically using databases and evaluating sources are also covered. The importance of a pilot study and a clear timetable for the research proposal and project are emphasized.
This document provides guidance on conducting an effective literature search. It outlines the 7 key tasks in a literature review including selecting a question, choosing search terms, running searches, and applying screening criteria. It discusses searching subject databases and retaining search strategies when moving databases. Hand searching reference lists in sources like Scopus and using bibliographic analysis tools like GoPubMed to identify influential authors, publication trends, and journals are also covered. The document emphasizes executing searches across multiple databases and sources to conduct a thorough literature review.
systematic reviews and what the library can do to helpIsla Kuhn
The document provides information about systematic reviews including:
- How systematic reviews differ from traditional reviews by being more comprehensive and methodical.
- The typical stages in a systematic review including developing a question, searching, screening, data extraction and synthesis.
- Potential biases that can affect systematic reviews like publication bias.
- Tools and resources available from the medical library to help with developing search strategies, managing references and data, and publishing open access reviews.
June 1st Library Presentation for CCTS Summer FellowshipRebecca Raszewski
This document provides an overview and instructions for UIC's COM-UHP/CCTS Summer Research Fellowship Program. It discusses developing a research topic, locating relevant information sources like articles in PubMed and using citation management software like RefWorks. It also includes a library website scavenger hunt and activities to refine a research topic and search PubMed using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and Boolean operators.
A guide to the library electronic resources such as GEMILANG, EResources, UKM Institutional Repository (e-Rep), UKM Journal Articel Repository (UJAR), LEARNING & RESEARCH REPOSITORY, INDEKS DEWAN BAHASA & PUSTAKA (IDBP) and IQUEST.
Dokumen tersebut memberikan panduan mengenai sumber maklumat digital yang disediakan oleh Perpustakaan UKM untuk membantu pengguna mencari maklumat. Ia menjelaskan sistem katalog digital GEMILANG, portal sumber elektronik ESumber@ptsl, repositori pembelajaran dan penyelidikan serta repositori institusi UKM yang menyediakan akses kepada artikel, e-buku, tesis dan karya akademik warga UKM.
The UKM Library Catalog is a search tools that helps users to find materials available in the Tun Seri Lanang Library and it's branch libraries. GEMILANG is the name given to UKM library's Online Public Catalog, which stands for Gedung Maklumat Ilmu Tun Seri Lanang.
A guide to the library electronic resources such as GEMILANG, PORTAL E JURNAL, REPOSITORI INSTITUSI
UKM (E-REP), JURNAL ARTIKEL TERBITAN UKM (UJAR), LEARNING & RESEARCH REPOSITORY, INDEKS DEWAN BAHASA & PUSTAKA (IDBP) dan IQUEST.
EndNote is a software program that allows users to organize and cite references in papers. It has features like creating citations and bibliographies in documents, organizing references into groups, attaching PDFs, and synchronizing libraries between EndNote desktop and online. The guide reviews how to perform tasks in EndNote like choosing output styles, adding references manually or from databases, editing citations, and using the cite while you write function in Microsoft Word. It also covers creating an EndNote online account and sharing libraries.
Sistem GEMILANG merupakan katalog digital perpustakaan UKM yang memudahkan pengguna mencari dan melayari koleksi perpustakaan secara dalam talian. Ia membolehkan pengguna membuat tempahan bahan, memperbaharui tempoh pinjaman, menyimpan carian dan melihat rekod pinjaman masing-masing. Sistem ini juga menyediakan pelbagai pencarian lanjut untuk mencari bahan perpustakaan dengan lebih terperinci.
Kursus ini menekankan penggunaan sumber maklumat tesis melalui sumber berikut:
Katalog GEMILANG
Learning and Research Repository (VITAL)
Malaysian Thesis Online (MyTO)
ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Fulltext
Sumber akses terbuka
This document defines and discusses grey literature, which refers to informally published material like reports that may be difficult to find through traditional publishing channels. It is produced by government, academic, business, and industry bodies for purposes other than commercial publishing. Examples include reports, theses, conference proceedings, and more. The document then outlines sources for finding grey literature, including the library's document collection, institutional repositories, government websites, and international databases. Key search tips are provided for locating Malaysian and international grey literature. Contact information is included for the library's document collection unit.
Mendeley merupakan satu perisian Mengurus Rujukan yang semakin mendapat perhatian masa kini. Ia boleh dimuat turun secara percuma dan boleh beroperasi sebagai perisian Desktop dan Web secara serentak. Sebagaimana Reference Manager yang lain, Mendeley adalah perisian bibliografi yang membolehkan pengurusan dan penyimpanan data-data rujukan di dalam pangkalan data yang dibangunkan sendiri. Perisian ini membenarkan menyimpan Petikan (Citation) dan rujukan mengikut gaya petikan yang dikehendaki dan dapat mengelak penaipan berulang dalam proses penulisan penyelidikan atau tugasan anda. Mendeley membantu mengurus dan menghasilkan senarai rujukan bibliografi dan petikan dalam rujukan(in-text citation) mengikut format dan standard yang dikehendaki di dalam “Microsoft Word” secara automatik.
Mendeley juga berfungsi sebagai perisian untuk jaringan sosial akademik yang membolehkan penyelidik berkongsi sumber rujukan atau berkolaborasi secara dalam talian.
This document provides a guide to using EndNote, a citation management software. It explains what citations and bibliographies are, and how to perform common tasks in EndNote like creating references manually or importing them from databases, organizing references into groups, inserting citations into Word documents, and synchronizing EndNote desktop and online libraries. The guide also notes that output styles can be edited and questions are welcome.
This document provides instructions for setting up Mendeley to automatically import PDF files from a watch folder, organizing files by creating backup folders, and installing the Mendeley web importer browser extension. It describes creating a watch folder in Mendeley to import PDFs dropped in that folder, creating backup folders on a local drive or cloud storage, and downloading the Mendeley web importer from the Chrome web store to add papers from websites to Mendeley.
A guide to the library electronic resources such as GEMILANG, PORTAL E JURNAL, REPOSITORI INSTITUSI
UKM (E-REP), JURNAL ARTIKEL TERBITAN UKM (UJAR), LEARNING & RESEARCH REPOSITORY, INDEKS DEWAN BAHASA & PUSTAKA (IDBP) dan IQUEST.
This document provides a guide to using EndNote, a citation management software. It explains what citations and bibliographies are, and how to perform common tasks in EndNote like creating references manually or importing them from databases, organizing references into groups, inserting citations into Word documents, and synchronizing EndNote desktop and online libraries. The guide also notes that output styles can be edited and questions are welcome. It aims to help users manage references and citations effectively using EndNote.
This document provides information about accessing the UKM Medical Library Portal including registration steps, login details for off-campus access, and lists of databases and journals subscribed to by the library. Users can click "Register Account" on the homepage to register online and complete information details. Administrators will then activate registrations. The document also lists contact officers and the main library counter phone number for assistance.
Kursus ini bertujuan untuk membimbing pelanggan mengenali platform pencarian maklumat yang disediakan oleh Perpustakaan dan mengaksesnya untuk keperluan pembelajaran dan penyelidikan.
Antara platform pencarian maklumat tersebut merangkumi GEMILANG, PORTAL E JURNAL, REPOSITORI INSTITUSI
UKM (E-REP), JURNAL ARTIKEL TERBITAN UKM (UJAR), LEARNING & RESEARCH REPOSITORY, INDEKS DEWAN BAHASA & PUSTAKA (IDBP) dan IQUEST.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
2. Outline / content
1) Introduction
2) Planning The Search Process
- Sources of Systematic Review
3) Constructing the Search Strategies
- Structure of the Search Strategy
4) Managing Your Search Result
5) Demonstration/Practical (How to Search Systematic
Reviews in The Cochrane Library, EBSCOhost & OVID)
3. Learning Outcomes / Objectives :
At the end of this session, you will be able to:
• Describe the purpose of a systematic review
• Select databases that can be used to do comprehensive searching
using Boolean and truncation searching
• Use PICOS technique to develop literature search strategies
• Manage the searching results using Reference Manager
4. 1. Introduction
Definition of Systematic Review:
Cochrane Collaboration definition:
A systematic review uses systematic and explicit methods to
identify, select, critically appraise, and extract and analyze
data from relevant research [Higgins & Green 2011].
They involve a systematic search process to locate studies
which address a particular research question, as well as a
systematic presentation and synthesis of the characteristics
and findings of the results of this search.
5. Why we need systematic reviews
• Minimise the impact of bias/errors
• Can help to end confusion
• Highlight where there is not sufficient
evidence
• Combining findings from different studies
can highlight new findings
• Can mitigate the need for further trials
6. Sources of Systematic Review
1. Bibliographic databases
Type of database Description Database
1. Bibliographic
Databases
A database of bibliographic
records, an organized digital
collection of references to
published literature, including
journal and newspaper articles,
conference proceedings, reports,
government and legal
publications, patents, books, etc.
CENTRAL (Cochrane Central
Register of Controlled Trials)
MEDLINE
EMBASE
Trip Database
Scopus
Web of Science
2. Other sources
Subject specific databases/ Evidence-
based database
CINAHL
PsycINFO
UpToDate
3. Unpublished and
ongoing studies
Unpublished works are those which
have not been distributed in any
manner.
ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO ICTRP
(International Clinical Trials
Registry Platform)
7. Sources of Systematic Review
1. Bibliographic databases
Database URL Topic Coverage
Pubmed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed Biology, Medical & Health
Sciences
MEDLINE PubMed/OVID/EBSCOhost
Access via PPUKM Library Portal
http://lib.hukm.ukm.my
Biology, Medical & Health
Sciences
The Cochrane
Library
(CENTRAL)
http://www.cochranelibrary.com Databases of systematic
reviews & other evidence
synthesis.
Trip Database http://www.tripdatabase.com Evidence-based healthcare
resources
8. Database URL Topic Coverage
Scopus www.scopus.com/scopus/home
.url
Life Sciences ; health Sciences
Web of
Sciences
isiknowledge.com Science Citations Index
EMBASE http://www.embase.com Biomedical ; emphases on drugs and
pharmaceutical. Health sciences database
with a slightly European perspective but
overlaps with PubMed. Especially strong for
drug information
Sources of Systematic Review
1. Bibliographic databases
9. Sources of Systematic Review
2. Other sources
Database URL Topic Coverage
UpToDate https://www.uptodate.com/
(UpToDate Anywhere. Apps is available for
Android and iOS)
Access via PPUKM Library Portal
http://lib.hukm.ukm.my
Evidence-based point of care
BMJ Best
Practice
http://bestpractice.bmj.com/ Clinical decision support
CINAHL EBSCOhost Medical
(http://search.ebscohost.com)
Nursing & Allied Health
Cumulative Index of Nursing
and Allied Health Literature.
PsycINFO EBSCOhost Medical
(http://search.ebscohost.com)
Psychological literature
Mental health citation
database.
10. Sources of Systematic Review
OTHER BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATABASES:
national and regional databases
eg: KoreaMed, LILACS
subject specific databases
eg: AMED, PsyINFO
dissertation databases
eg: Dissertations & Theses
grey literature databases
eg: openGrey, NTIS
11. Sources of Systematic Review
UNPUBLISHED AND ONGOING STUDIES:
very important to minimise bias
trials registers
national and international
- ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO ICTRP
subject-specific
Pharmaceutical industry
Regulatory agencies (eg: FDA, EMA)
contact colleagues, organisations, other known
researchers
12. Structure of the Search Strategy
P I C O S
Patient,
Population or
Problem
Intervention or
exposure
Comparison Outcome Study Design
What are the
characteristics
of the patient
or population?
What is the
condition or
disease you are
interested in?
What do you
want to do with
this patient (e.g.
treat, diagnose,
observe)?
What is the
alternative to
the intervention
(e.g. placebo,
different
drug, surgery)?
What are the
relevant
outcomes (e.g.
morbidity,
death,
complications)?
Meta
analysis
Systematic
Review
Randomized
Control trials
2. Constructing the Search Strategies
13. Example of a clinical question that outlines the PICOS components:
Helmets for preventing head and facial
injuries in cyclists
P I C O S
Patient,
Population or
Problem
Intervention or
exposure
Comparison Outcome Study Design
? ? ?
• To find 2 or 3 most important concepts
• Focus on those most likely to be found in title and abstract
Structure of the Search Strategy
14. P I C O S
Patient,
Population
or Problem
Intervention
or exposure
Comparison Outcome Study
Design
Cyclists Helmets Systematic
review
Helmets for preventing head and facial
injuries in cyclists
15. Broadening search term/keyword
1. Aim for high sensitivity
- express each concept in as many way as possible
- minimise the risk of missing a relevant study
- will lead to lower precision – find a balance
2. Use both text words and controlled vocabulary
3. Preliminary searching may help your test strategy
4. Strategies must be translated for every database or
interface
16. Text words
Words appearing in title and/or abstract of the record
Include synonyms, related terms, opposites,
international terms, alternative spellings, plurals
e.g. brain injury, head injury, skull fracture
Truncation and wildcards: * $ ?
- protect* = protects, protective, protection
- but beware: car* = cars (but also carcinoma)
Proximity operators – NEAR, NEXT, ADJ
e.g. liver ADJ3 cancer = liver cancer, liver and bowel
cancer
Syntax must be translated for each interface
17. Controlled vocabulary
Standardised subject terms assigned by indexes
- e.g. Medline = MeSH, Embase = EMTREE
- identifies relevant articles even if different terms
are used for the same concept
- ‘explode’ to include all narrower terms
- caution – indexers may not be subject experts, and
authors may not describe their study very well
Check the terms applied to relevant papers for ideas
Use database tools to map words to subject terms
Controlled vocabulary must be translated for each
database
22. Limit & restrictions
To avoid bias, do not limit by:
• language – ask your research group about
translation
• year – unless there is a clear point of change or
availability)
• format – may be additional information about a
study in letters
23. 4. Managing your search results
Store results from each source
• download all available fields for each record
• use bibliographic/reference management software
- e.g. EndNote, Mendeley, ProCite, Reference
Manager, RefWorks, Zotero
Collate and de-duplicate
26. Searching for studies in The Cochrane Library
1. Open a web browser and go to www.thecochranelibrary.com
27. 2. Click on Advanced Search. This will open the Advanced
Search page.
28. 2. Click on Advanced Search. This will open the Advanced
Search page.
29. 3. The Population for this review is people with drowsiness. In
the first row of the search field, enter drows*. This truncation
will find words such as drowsy and drowsiness.
Select Title,
Abstract or
Keyword Click Go
32. Medline in EBSCOhost Medical
MEDLINE Complete provides
authoritative medical information
on medicine, nursing, dentistry,
veterinary medicine, the health
care system, pre-clinical sciences,
and much more.
34. Medline in EBSCOhost Medical
MEDLINE Complete provides
authoritative medical information
on medicine, nursing, dentistry,
veterinary medicine, the health
care system, pre-clinical sciences,
and much more.