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Syphilis
1. VIGNAN PHARMACY COLLEGE, VADLAMUDI.DEPARMENT
OF MICROBIOLOGY
1
SUBMITTED BY:
DANGETI.SAI ARAVIND
( II Pharm-D )
14AB1T00006
SUBMITTED TO:
PRINCIPAL: P.SRINVASABABU
MRS.P.SOWJANYA
DEPARTMENT OF
MICROBIOLOGY
2. INTRODUCTION:
• SYPHILIS is a chronic sexually transmitted disease.
• Named from poem published by the Italian physician
and poet Girolamo Fracastoro – shepherd from
Hispaniola named Syphilis who angered Apollo and
was given the disease as punishment.
• Transmitted by
sexual contact
from mother to foetus
blood transfusion
• Higher risk group include those between the ages of 15
and 34.
• About 12 million new cases of syphilis occur every
year.
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VIGNAN PHARMACY COLLEGE, VADLAMUDI.DEPARMENT
OF MICROBIOLOGY
3. CAUSATIVE ORGANISM:
• The causative organism of syphilis is
Treponema pallidum.
• It is a spirochete gram negative bacteria.
• It was first discovered by Schaudin and
Hoffman in 1905.
MORPHOLOGY:
Thin, mobile and spiral.
Approximately size is 10-0.2
It has sharp, rigid regular spirals.
Giema stain- Rosy red colour.
Have axial filaments, which are otherwise
similar to bacterial flagella.
Filaments enable movement of bacterium
by rotating in place.
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VIGNAN PHARMACY COLLEGE, VADLAMUDI.DEPARMENT
OF MICROBIOLOGY
4. CULTIVATION:
• Cannot be grown in artificial medium
• Limited growth is seen in co cultivation with
tissue culture
• Virulent strains have beed from testicular
passage in rabbits
• Best stain is Reiter stain that is sub cultured
in susceptible host.
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VIGNAN PHARMACY COLLEGE, VADLAMUDI.DEPARMENT
OF MICROBIOLOGY
6. PRIMARY SYPHILIS:
• It occurs at the site of 10 to 90 days of infection.
• Chancres heal by their own in 3-6 weeks
• In males chancres- on penis, cervix
• In females they occur on the cervix
SECONDARY SYPHILIS:
Mainly characterized by skin rashes.
Usually occurs 2-10 weeks after the primary stage.
It caused in 75% untreated people.
Lymphadenopathy, mild fever, malaise and loss of weight are common.
The rash is having red-brown macules less than 5 mm in diameter.
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VIGNAN PHARMACY COLLEGE, VADLAMUDI.DEPARMENT
OF MICROBIOLOGY
7. LATENT SYPHILIS:
• It is the stage where there is no symptoms.
• Occurs between secondary and tertiary stages.
• In this stage it can be diagnosed by serological tests only.
TERTIARY SYPHILIS:
Occurance of secondary lesions
Three types:
Gummatous Cardiovascular Neuronal
Formation of
rubbery
masses of
gummas
Weakening
of the aorta
CNS is
affected
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VIGNAN PHARMACY COLLEGE, VADLAMUDI.DEPARMENT
OF MICROBIOLOGY
8. 8
VIGNAN PHARMACY COLLEGE, VADLAMUDI.DEPARMENT
OF MICROBIOLOGY
DIAGNOSIS:
Two types of tests :
1. Microscopy.
2. Serological tests.
MICROSCOPY:
• Specimen: lesion exudate.
• Negative staining: mixed with nigrosin dye.
• Dark ground microscopy: To check the movements of
the bacteria.
9. VIGNAN PHARMACY COLLEGE, VADLAMUDI.DEPARMENT
OF MICROBIOLOGY
9SEROLOGICAL TESTS:
Veneral Disease Research laboratory test: (VDRL)
0.5ml inactivated serum + cardiolipin antigen.
Slide is rotated for four minutes.
Observed under low power microscope.
Clumps formation results in positive test.
Test is positive by 7-8 days after the appearance of primary chanchre.
RAPID PLAMSA REAGIN (RPR) TEST:
Modified VDRL test.
In this, VDRL antigen contains carbomn particles which helps in
formation of clear clumps.
10. VIGNAN PHARMACY COLLEGE, VADLAMUDI.DEPARMENT
OF MICROBIOLOGY
10Reiter Protein Complexment Fixation- (RPCF) test:
Cultivable strain of Reiter treponemes are used as antigen.
This test is less sensitive.
It detects the group specific antibodies.
Flouroscent Treponemal Antibody (FTA) test:
Smears are prepared with Nichols strain + acetone.
Patients serum is added and incubated.
It is treated with flouroscein labelled anti human
immunoglobin.
Examined under fluoroscene microscope
11. VIGNAN PHARMACY COLLEGE, VADLAMUDI.DEPARMENT
OF MICROBIOLOGY
11
PROPHYLAXIS:
Use of condoms.
Avoid of sexual contact with infected person.
Use of prophylactic pencilin.
TREATMENT:
Penicillin is the first drug of choice.
Early syphilis a single of 2.4 million units of Benzathine penicillin
Late syphilis 2.4 million units of Benzathine penicillin once a week for three
weeks.
Doxycyline is also adviced.
12. VIGNAN PHARMACY COLLEGE, VADLAMUDI.DEPARMENT
OF MICROBIOLOGY
12REFERENCES:
Anantha Narayan & paniker , Text book of microbiology (7th edition)
Pg no: 377-385
R. Vasanthakmari’s Textbook of microbiology (1st edition)
Pg no: 294-299
Dr. R. C. Dubey, Dr. D. K. Maheswari’s Textbook of microbiology
Pg no: 737-738
Harsha Mohan’s Textbook of pathology (7th edition)
Pg no: 151-153