The document discusses the components and biomechanics of the shoulder complex. It is composed of the clavicle, scapula, and humerus. The shoulder complex allows for a wide range of motion through dynamic stabilization from muscles rather than passive structures alone. Key joints include the sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, scapulothoracic, and glenohumeral joints. Proper mechanics rely on integrated motion between these joints according to scapulohumeral rhythm.
This document discusses forces on the hip joint during bilateral and unilateral stance. In bilateral stance, each hip experiences approximately one-third of body weight compression from gravity. Additional compression may come from hip muscles. In unilateral stance, the supporting hip experiences compression of approximately five-sixths of body weight from gravity. Additional compression comes from hip abductor muscle contraction needed to counter the adduction torque from the weight of the body. Together these forces can result in a total hip joint compression of around 2-3 times body weight in unilateral stance.
THis PPT will give you knowledge about the principles of shoulder; articulating surface, motions, ligamentous structure and musculature structure that related to shoulder region.
The document discusses the anatomy and function of the knee complex, including the tibiofemoral joint and patellofemoral joint. It describes the bones, ligaments, muscles, and other soft tissues involved in the knee. It also discusses biomechanics of the knee during motion and common injuries that can affect the knee joints.
The document discusses the structure and function of the thorax and chest wall. It contains the following key points:
1. The thorax consists of ribs, sternum, costal cartilages, and thoracic vertebrae that form the rib cage.
2. The rib cage has several types of joints that connect the bones including costovertebral, costotransverse, costochondral, and sternocostal joints.
3. Movement of the rib cage is complex, with the ribs moving in different planes depending on their position. Upper ribs move more in the sagittal plane while lower ribs move more in the frontal plane.
This document discusses forces on the hip joint during bilateral and unilateral stance. In bilateral stance, each hip experiences approximately one-third of body weight compression from gravity. Additional compression may come from hip muscles. In unilateral stance, the supporting hip experiences compression of approximately five-sixths of body weight from gravity. Additional compression comes from hip abductor muscle contraction needed to counter the adduction torque from the weight of the body. Together these forces can result in a total hip joint compression of around 2-3 times body weight in unilateral stance.
THis PPT will give you knowledge about the principles of shoulder; articulating surface, motions, ligamentous structure and musculature structure that related to shoulder region.
The document discusses the anatomy and function of the knee complex, including the tibiofemoral joint and patellofemoral joint. It describes the bones, ligaments, muscles, and other soft tissues involved in the knee. It also discusses biomechanics of the knee during motion and common injuries that can affect the knee joints.
The document discusses the structure and function of the thorax and chest wall. It contains the following key points:
1. The thorax consists of ribs, sternum, costal cartilages, and thoracic vertebrae that form the rib cage.
2. The rib cage has several types of joints that connect the bones including costovertebral, costotransverse, costochondral, and sternocostal joints.
3. Movement of the rib cage is complex, with the ribs moving in different planes depending on their position. Upper ribs move more in the sagittal plane while lower ribs move more in the frontal plane.
Extensor mechanism of finger, very easy notes. Referred from cynthia norkin. In this ppt in last two slides u can see the identify the parts. Its like a quiz for candidates who studying this ppt. They can able to know that how well they prepared this topic.
Thank you, From Liki pedia
(A student physiotherapist)
This document discusses active and passive insufficiency in muscles. Active insufficiency occurs when a multi-joint muscle shortens over both joints simultaneously, losing tension. Passive insufficiency occurs when a multi-joint muscle is lengthened to its fullest extent at both joints, preventing full range of motion. Examples given are the rectus femoris causing active insufficiency in hip flexion and knee extension together, and the flexor digitorum profundus losing the ability to make a tight fist when the wrist is flexed. The relationship between them is that when the agonist contracts, the antagonist relaxes or lengthens, so the extensibility of the antagonist can limit the agonist's capability,
1) The wrist joint complex includes the radiocarpal joint between the radius and proximal carpal row, midcarpal joints between the proximal and distal carpal rows, and carpometacarpal joints of the thumb and fingers.
2) Key structures include the triangular fibrocartilage complex between the ulna and triquetrum bone, ligaments such as the radiocarpal and intercarpal ligaments, joint capsules, and muscles that cross the wrist including flexors and extensors.
3) The document describes the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, movements, blood supply and common injuries of the wrist complex in detail.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the ankle and foot complex. It describes the bones and joints that make up the ankle, including the ankle joint (talocrural joint), subtalar joint, and other tarsal joints. It defines the motions of the ankle like dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, and eversion. It details the ligaments supporting each joint and their functions. It explains the axes of motion for the ankle and subtalar joints and how their motions change between weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing states.
The document provides details about the biomechanics of the thorax, including its general structures, bones, joints, ligaments, and muscles involved in ventilation. The key structures discussed are the ribs, sternum, thoracic vertebrae, and their articulations. The document describes the types of joints between these structures, including the costovertebral, costotransverse, costochondral, and sternocostal joints. It also summarizes the primary muscles that promote inspiration, such as the diaphragm, intercostals, and scalenes.
MUSCLES OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN- The system of ligaments in the vertebral column, combined with the tendons and muscles, provides a natural brace to help protect the spine from injury. For More Online Medical Resource, Visit at http://gisurgery.info
The document discusses the biomechanics of the hip joint, including its structure, motions, stability mechanisms, and common injuries. The hip is a ball-and-socket joint between the pelvis and femur that allows for flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and internal/external rotation. Stability is provided by bony configuration, cartilage, ligaments like the iliofemoral and ischiofemoral, and large muscles like the gluteals. Common injuries include fractures from direct impacts or degenerative joint disease from repeated stresses.
Anatomical pulleys in the hand redirect the pulling force of flexor tendons to provide precise control of finger movement. There are two types - annular pulleys, which are rings of connective tissue at the finger joints, and cruciate pulleys, which are smaller cross-shaped pulleys in between. Damage to the annular pulleys, especially the major A2 and A4 pulleys, can cause the tendon to be pulled away from the finger bone during movement, weakening grip. The pulley system enhances tendon power and allows normal range of motion in the fingers.
This document discusses the structure and biomechanics of the hip joint. It describes the anatomy of the acetabulum and femoral head that form the ball and socket joint. It details the angles of the acetabulum, including the center edge angle and acetabular anteversion angle. It also describes the acetabular labrum and angles of the femur relative to the shaft. The primary function of the hip joint is to support weight and enable mobility through walking, running, and other activities.
The document discusses the scapulohumeral rhythm, which is the coordinated movement between the glenohumeral joint and scapulothoracic joint during shoulder movement. Specifically, it notes that for every 2 degrees of shoulder abduction or flexion, the scapula upwardly rotates approximately 1 degree. This ratio maintains proper shoulder range of motion and prevents impingement. Clinical issues like frozen shoulder and scapular winging can result from impairments affecting the scapulothoracic joint.
This document provides an overview of biomechanics of the elbow, including its structure, function, kinematics, muscle actions, and stability mechanisms. It describes the three joints that make up the elbow complex - the humeroulnar joint, humeroradial joint, and proximal radioulnar joint. It details the motions of elbow flexion/extension and forearm pronation/supination, identifying the muscles, ligaments, and bony structures involved in each motion. Common injuries to the elbow from direct stresses and repeated stresses are also summarized.
Here are potential answers to your questions:
If you fall down to the ground with wrist hyperextension, you could injure the ligaments and bones in your wrist. The most common injuries are:
- Ligament sprains of the dorsal radiocarpal ligaments which stabilize the wrist in extension. A sprain means the ligament is stretched or torn.
- Fractures of the distal radius bone. Since the wrist bone is forcefully hyperextended, it can fracture at the end of the radius bone near the wrist joint.
Instability generally refers to a lack of stability in a joint. In the wrist, instability means the bones and ligaments can no longer properly control and
summary of Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Elbow joint (or) complex. This slide prepare for medical student purposes. All the concepts are explained in practically. THIS PPT FULLY SHOW IN ONLY DESKTOP VIEW.
The knee is a complex joint composed of the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints. It functions to provide mobility and support body weight during both static and dynamic activities. The knee joint contains menisci that increase joint congruence and distribute weight forces. It also contains cruciate and collateral ligaments that restrict motion and provide stability. During flexion and extension, the tibia glides and rotates on the femur through rolling and sliding motions controlled by the ligaments and menisci.
This document provides an overview of joint structure and function. It defines a joint and lists the intra-articular and extra-articular structures. It describes the basic principles of joint design and complexity matching function. It explains Wolff's law relating bone structure to function. It details the cellular and extracellular components of connective tissue, including collagen and elastin fibers. Finally, it discusses joint classification, motions, and the response of connective tissues to loads.
The thoracic spine consists of 12 vertebrae located between the cervical and lumbar regions. Each thoracic vertebra has a heart-shaped body with demi-facets that articulate with the ribs. They also have transverse processes with costal facets that connect to the ribs. The thoracic region has a natural kyphotic curvature and supports the rib cage. Common spinal conditions that affect the thoracic region include kyphosis, Scheuermann's disease, flat back, and thoracic scoliosis.
The document discusses static and dynamic stability of the glenohumeral joint. Statically, the joint is stabilized by the humeral head resting in the glenoid fossa, creating negative pressure. The rotator cuff muscles and deltoid provide a vertical force to counteract gravity. Dynamically, the deltoid, rotator cuff, biceps and scapulohumeral rhythm work together to precisely guide humeral movement and stabilize the joint throughout its range of motion. Scapulohumeral rhythm involves greater scapular movement in the first 90 degrees of arm elevation compared to humeral movement.
Prehension involves grasping objects between surfaces of the hand. There are two main types of prehension - power grip and precision handling. Power grip uses flexion of all fingers and the thumb acts as a stabilizer. Precision handling involves skillful placement of an object between the fingers and thumb. There are different grips for various shaped objects including cylindrical, spherical, hook, and lateral grips. Precision handling requires finer motor control and includes pad to pad, tip to tip, and pad to side grips. The functional position of the wrist and hand allows equal tension across all wrist muscles.
Anatomy and function of the shoulder from my Strength and Conditioning placement at the Sports Institute of Northern Ireland (SINI). Includes humeral, scapular and scapulohumeral movement, stability of the shoulder, possible exercises that may assist in preventing injury or of which may be utilised within a rehab setting, and a brief case study in relation to swimmers' shoulder.
The document summarizes the biomechanics of the shoulder joint, including its components and motions. It describes the sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint, glenohumeral joint, and scapulothoracic joint. It details the ligaments and muscles that provide stability and allow movement at each joint. Key points are that shoulder function requires integrated and coordinated motion of all its parts, and the rotator cuff and scapular stabilizers are essential for dynamic stabilization of the glenohumeral joint during arm movement.
Extensor mechanism of finger, very easy notes. Referred from cynthia norkin. In this ppt in last two slides u can see the identify the parts. Its like a quiz for candidates who studying this ppt. They can able to know that how well they prepared this topic.
Thank you, From Liki pedia
(A student physiotherapist)
This document discusses active and passive insufficiency in muscles. Active insufficiency occurs when a multi-joint muscle shortens over both joints simultaneously, losing tension. Passive insufficiency occurs when a multi-joint muscle is lengthened to its fullest extent at both joints, preventing full range of motion. Examples given are the rectus femoris causing active insufficiency in hip flexion and knee extension together, and the flexor digitorum profundus losing the ability to make a tight fist when the wrist is flexed. The relationship between them is that when the agonist contracts, the antagonist relaxes or lengthens, so the extensibility of the antagonist can limit the agonist's capability,
1) The wrist joint complex includes the radiocarpal joint between the radius and proximal carpal row, midcarpal joints between the proximal and distal carpal rows, and carpometacarpal joints of the thumb and fingers.
2) Key structures include the triangular fibrocartilage complex between the ulna and triquetrum bone, ligaments such as the radiocarpal and intercarpal ligaments, joint capsules, and muscles that cross the wrist including flexors and extensors.
3) The document describes the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, movements, blood supply and common injuries of the wrist complex in detail.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the ankle and foot complex. It describes the bones and joints that make up the ankle, including the ankle joint (talocrural joint), subtalar joint, and other tarsal joints. It defines the motions of the ankle like dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, and eversion. It details the ligaments supporting each joint and their functions. It explains the axes of motion for the ankle and subtalar joints and how their motions change between weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing states.
The document provides details about the biomechanics of the thorax, including its general structures, bones, joints, ligaments, and muscles involved in ventilation. The key structures discussed are the ribs, sternum, thoracic vertebrae, and their articulations. The document describes the types of joints between these structures, including the costovertebral, costotransverse, costochondral, and sternocostal joints. It also summarizes the primary muscles that promote inspiration, such as the diaphragm, intercostals, and scalenes.
MUSCLES OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN- The system of ligaments in the vertebral column, combined with the tendons and muscles, provides a natural brace to help protect the spine from injury. For More Online Medical Resource, Visit at http://gisurgery.info
The document discusses the biomechanics of the hip joint, including its structure, motions, stability mechanisms, and common injuries. The hip is a ball-and-socket joint between the pelvis and femur that allows for flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and internal/external rotation. Stability is provided by bony configuration, cartilage, ligaments like the iliofemoral and ischiofemoral, and large muscles like the gluteals. Common injuries include fractures from direct impacts or degenerative joint disease from repeated stresses.
Anatomical pulleys in the hand redirect the pulling force of flexor tendons to provide precise control of finger movement. There are two types - annular pulleys, which are rings of connective tissue at the finger joints, and cruciate pulleys, which are smaller cross-shaped pulleys in between. Damage to the annular pulleys, especially the major A2 and A4 pulleys, can cause the tendon to be pulled away from the finger bone during movement, weakening grip. The pulley system enhances tendon power and allows normal range of motion in the fingers.
This document discusses the structure and biomechanics of the hip joint. It describes the anatomy of the acetabulum and femoral head that form the ball and socket joint. It details the angles of the acetabulum, including the center edge angle and acetabular anteversion angle. It also describes the acetabular labrum and angles of the femur relative to the shaft. The primary function of the hip joint is to support weight and enable mobility through walking, running, and other activities.
The document discusses the scapulohumeral rhythm, which is the coordinated movement between the glenohumeral joint and scapulothoracic joint during shoulder movement. Specifically, it notes that for every 2 degrees of shoulder abduction or flexion, the scapula upwardly rotates approximately 1 degree. This ratio maintains proper shoulder range of motion and prevents impingement. Clinical issues like frozen shoulder and scapular winging can result from impairments affecting the scapulothoracic joint.
This document provides an overview of biomechanics of the elbow, including its structure, function, kinematics, muscle actions, and stability mechanisms. It describes the three joints that make up the elbow complex - the humeroulnar joint, humeroradial joint, and proximal radioulnar joint. It details the motions of elbow flexion/extension and forearm pronation/supination, identifying the muscles, ligaments, and bony structures involved in each motion. Common injuries to the elbow from direct stresses and repeated stresses are also summarized.
Here are potential answers to your questions:
If you fall down to the ground with wrist hyperextension, you could injure the ligaments and bones in your wrist. The most common injuries are:
- Ligament sprains of the dorsal radiocarpal ligaments which stabilize the wrist in extension. A sprain means the ligament is stretched or torn.
- Fractures of the distal radius bone. Since the wrist bone is forcefully hyperextended, it can fracture at the end of the radius bone near the wrist joint.
Instability generally refers to a lack of stability in a joint. In the wrist, instability means the bones and ligaments can no longer properly control and
summary of Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Elbow joint (or) complex. This slide prepare for medical student purposes. All the concepts are explained in practically. THIS PPT FULLY SHOW IN ONLY DESKTOP VIEW.
The knee is a complex joint composed of the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints. It functions to provide mobility and support body weight during both static and dynamic activities. The knee joint contains menisci that increase joint congruence and distribute weight forces. It also contains cruciate and collateral ligaments that restrict motion and provide stability. During flexion and extension, the tibia glides and rotates on the femur through rolling and sliding motions controlled by the ligaments and menisci.
This document provides an overview of joint structure and function. It defines a joint and lists the intra-articular and extra-articular structures. It describes the basic principles of joint design and complexity matching function. It explains Wolff's law relating bone structure to function. It details the cellular and extracellular components of connective tissue, including collagen and elastin fibers. Finally, it discusses joint classification, motions, and the response of connective tissues to loads.
The thoracic spine consists of 12 vertebrae located between the cervical and lumbar regions. Each thoracic vertebra has a heart-shaped body with demi-facets that articulate with the ribs. They also have transverse processes with costal facets that connect to the ribs. The thoracic region has a natural kyphotic curvature and supports the rib cage. Common spinal conditions that affect the thoracic region include kyphosis, Scheuermann's disease, flat back, and thoracic scoliosis.
The document discusses static and dynamic stability of the glenohumeral joint. Statically, the joint is stabilized by the humeral head resting in the glenoid fossa, creating negative pressure. The rotator cuff muscles and deltoid provide a vertical force to counteract gravity. Dynamically, the deltoid, rotator cuff, biceps and scapulohumeral rhythm work together to precisely guide humeral movement and stabilize the joint throughout its range of motion. Scapulohumeral rhythm involves greater scapular movement in the first 90 degrees of arm elevation compared to humeral movement.
Prehension involves grasping objects between surfaces of the hand. There are two main types of prehension - power grip and precision handling. Power grip uses flexion of all fingers and the thumb acts as a stabilizer. Precision handling involves skillful placement of an object between the fingers and thumb. There are different grips for various shaped objects including cylindrical, spherical, hook, and lateral grips. Precision handling requires finer motor control and includes pad to pad, tip to tip, and pad to side grips. The functional position of the wrist and hand allows equal tension across all wrist muscles.
Anatomy and function of the shoulder from my Strength and Conditioning placement at the Sports Institute of Northern Ireland (SINI). Includes humeral, scapular and scapulohumeral movement, stability of the shoulder, possible exercises that may assist in preventing injury or of which may be utilised within a rehab setting, and a brief case study in relation to swimmers' shoulder.
The document summarizes the biomechanics of the shoulder joint, including its components and motions. It describes the sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint, glenohumeral joint, and scapulothoracic joint. It details the ligaments and muscles that provide stability and allow movement at each joint. Key points are that shoulder function requires integrated and coordinated motion of all its parts, and the rotator cuff and scapular stabilizers are essential for dynamic stabilization of the glenohumeral joint during arm movement.
The document provides an overview of the biomechanics of the shoulder complex. It describes the structure including the glenohumeral joint, sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint, and scapulothoracic articulation. It details the kinematics of the shoulder including motions like flexion, abduction, and rotation. The stability mechanisms are discussed as well as the muscles involved in shoulder motions. Injuries are addressed relating to impingement and ligament laxity.
The document summarizes the anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder joint. It describes the three joints that make up the shoulder complex - the sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint, and glenohumeral joint. For each joint, it outlines the bony structures, ligaments, range of motion, and stabilizing muscles involved. It then discusses the kinetics of the glenohumeral joint, including the static stabilization of the humeral head both with the arm unloaded and loaded at the side through the resultant force of surrounding structures.
The shoulder complex consists of four bones (clavicle, scapula, and humerus) linked by three joints. The sternoclavicular joint connects the clavicle to the sternum with six degrees of freedom. The acromioclavicular joint connects the clavicle to the scapula with three rotational degrees of freedom. The scapulothoracic joint is where the scapula glides on the thorax, allowing upward rotation, elevation, protraction, and internal/external rotation of the scapula. The glenohumeral joint forms the ball-and-socket connection between the humeral head and glenoid fossa, with dynamic stabilization provided by
The document discusses the anatomy of the shoulder joint, including the bones, ligaments, and motions. It describes:
1. The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket joint formed by the humeral head and glenoid fossa. It allows multidirectional movement but has less stability than other joints.
2. Key bones include the scapula, clavicle, and humerus. The glenoid fossa is shallow and reinforced by the glenoid labrum. The humeral head is retroverted to increase congruence with the glenoid.
3. Ligaments like the glenohumeral, coracohumeral and rotator cuff
The document discusses the anatomy and biomechanics of the elbow complex. It describes the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles and range of motion of the elbow. Specifically, it details the articulating surfaces of the humerus, radius and ulna that make up the elbow joint. It explains how the ligaments provide stability and the functions of the main flexor and extensor muscles like the biceps, brachialis and triceps. Finally, it discusses how biomechanical factors like carrying angle and two-joint muscles can impact the elbow's range of motion.
The document discusses the anatomy and biomechanics of the elbow complex. It describes the bones, joints, ligaments, and muscles that make up the elbow. The elbow complex includes the humeroulnar joint, humeroradial joint, and proximal and distal radioulnar joints. It allows flexion/extension of the forearm and pronation/supination from the rotation of the radius. Key muscles like the biceps, brachialis, and triceps act across these joints to enable movement. Common injuries like tennis elbow and supracondylar fractures are also mentioned.
This presentation covers one of the components of the shoulder complex - Acromioclavicular joint.
you can watch the explanation video of this presentation here : https://youtu.be/l7bGRdKFxGM Those who have not watched the previous component of the shoulder complex watch it here : https://youtu.be/4ohHR6RUZ9k
In order to understand the overall Shoulder biomechanics one should know the biomechanics of each component. Biomechanics of acromioclavicular joint is explained here. For every joint the type, articulating surfaces, degrees of freedom of motion, structures present will be discussed.
For one to one online tutoring join at
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The document discusses the anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder complex. It describes the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, and movements involved. Key points include:
- The shoulder complex includes the clavicle, scapula, and humerus joined by the sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, and glenohumeral joints.
- The scapulothoracic joint allows movements of the scapula on the thorax. The sternoclavicular joint permits elevation, depression, protraction, and rotation of the clavicle.
- The glenohumeral joint is a ball and socket joint that allows flexion, extension,
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
The document discusses the biomechanics of the knee joint, including the tibiofemoral joint and patellofemoral joint. It covers the articulating surfaces, degrees of freedom, ligaments, muscles, alignment and weight bearing forces of the knee. It also discusses normal patellar tracking in the trochlear groove during range of motion and the changing contact areas between the patella and femur through different degrees of flexion.
The elbow complex consists of three articulations - the humeroulnar joint, humeroradial joint, and proximal radioulnar joint. It allows flexion and extension in the sagittal plane through one degree of freedom. Key structures include the joint capsule reinforced by the medial and lateral collateral ligaments, and five muscles that flex or extend the elbow. The document describes the articulating surfaces, ligaments, range of motion, carrying angle, and functions of the muscles involved in elbow movement.
this PPT contain detailed kinetics & kinematics of ankle joint & all joints of foot complex, muscles of ankle & foot complex, plantar arches & weight distribution during standing.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and biomechanics of the ankle and foot. It begins with an introduction to the bones, joints, ligaments and muscles of the ankle and foot. It then discusses the specific motions and functions of the ankle joint, subtalar joint, and transverse tarsal joint. For each joint, it describes the structural features, ligaments, range of motion, and how the joints work together during weight bearing activities like walking. The document aims to explain the complex integrated movements between the lower leg and foot.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and biomechanics of the ankle and foot. It discusses the 26 bones that make up the foot and ankle, including the forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot segments. It also describes the joints of the ankle and foot, including the ankle joint, subtalar joint, and transverse tarsal joint. The document reviews the ligaments, muscles, and motions of these joints. It provides details on the functions of the ankle and foot in stability, mobility, and shock absorption during walking.
1. The shoulder is a ball and socket joint made up of multiple bones and joints that provide a wide range of motion but also instability.
2. Stability is achieved through bony anatomy, ligaments, muscles, and negative pressure within the joint.
3. Muscles act in force couples to produce motion through balanced contraction of agonists and antagonists.
1. The elbow joint includes the humeroradial, humeroulnar, and superior radioulnar joints.
2. Flexion and extension at the elbow occurs around a fixed axis through the trochlea and capitulum.
3. Several ligaments and muscles work together to provide stability and control motion at the elbow and radioulnar joints during activities of daily living.
The document discusses office ergonomics and how to prevent postural strain and musculoskeletal injuries. It defines ergonomics as matching human capabilities to job requirements. Ergonomics aims to minimize mismatches between a person and their job. Poor ergonomic setup can cause injuries like back pain and headaches. Elements like lighting, posture, and movement are discussed. Static muscle contraction for long periods can reduce blood flow and cause injuries over time. The document provides tips for efficient posture and movement to reduce strain. Body mechanics for lifting patients safely are also covered.
Frenkel exercises were developed in 1889 to treat tabes dorsalis, a disease causing loss of proprioception. Dr. Frenkel derived a method using systematic, graduated exercises to facilitate restoration of smooth, coordinated movements in patients with sensory ataxia. The exercises aim to establish voluntary movement control using any intact sensory mechanisms like sight, sound, and touch to compensate for lost kinesthetic sensation. Exercises progress from simple to complex motions in lying, sitting, and standing positions to improve coordination, balance, and gait.
This document provides information about manual muscle testing (MMT). It begins with an introduction stating that MMT is used to determine muscular weakness from disease, injury or disuse. It then defines MMT as evaluating muscle strength based on movement against gravity or resistance. The document outlines several clinical uses of MMT including for diagnosis, treatment planning, and evaluating treatment effectiveness. It also describes different grading scales for MMT including the MRC, Oxford, and Kendall scales. The remainder of the document provides instructions for performing MMT on specific hip and knee muscles.
The document summarizes the biomechanics of the vertebral column. It describes the typical structure and regions of the vertebral column. It then discusses the typical vertebrae structure, intervertebral discs, articulations, ligaments, curves of the spine, and kinetics and kinematics including forces like compression, bending, torsion and shear. It also provides details on the specific structure and features of the cervical spine regions.
The document provides an overview of the biomechanics of the knee joint, including its structural components and functional movements. It describes the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints, the bones that make up the knee (femur and tibia), supporting ligaments (ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL), menisci, and the range of motions involved in flexion/extension, rotation, and abduction/adduction. It also discusses how the cruciate ligaments and "screw home mechanism" aid in locking the knee during full extension and unlocking it to allow flexion.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
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• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
10 Benefits an EPCR Software should Bring to EMS Organizations Traumasoft LLC
The benefits of an ePCR solution should extend to the whole EMS organization, not just certain groups of people or certain departments. It should provide more than just a form for entering and a database for storing information. It should also include a workflow of how information is communicated, used and stored across the entire organization.
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8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
2. CONTENTS
*Introduction/Components of the Shoulder Complex
*Sternoclavicular Joint
*Acromioclavicular Joint
*Scapulothoracic Joint
*Glenohumeral Joint
-Static Stabilization
-Dynamic Stabilization
*Integrated Function of the Shoulder Complex
-Scapulohumeral Rhythm
3. INTRODUCTION
*Shoulder Complex composed of
the CLAVICLE, SCAPULA + HUMERUS
-links the UE THORAX - Sternum
*Articular structural design – indicate
Primary Function : Wide ROM mobility
Dynamic Stabilization
4. DYNAMIC STABILIZATION
Exists when a moving segment/ set of segments is limited very
little by passive forces :
articular surface configuration, capsule /ligaments
and
instead relies heavily on active forces / dynamic muscular control
Example – Shoulder Joint
7. ELEVATION: OF THE UPPER EXTREMTY
The Combination of Scapular, Clavicular and Humeral motion
that occurs when arm is raises forward/ to the side
*Sagittal plane flexion
*Frontal plane abduction
*All motion in between
Total Shoulder Complex Motion – Total Elevation
= Motion of the scapula on Thorax [ 1/3 of total motion]
+Motion of the GH joint [2/3 of total motion]
INTEGRATED SHOUDLER COMPLEX FUNCTION:
SCAPULOHUMERAL RHYTHM
8. 1. STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT
*Connects UE to Axial Skeleton
*Type: Plane Synovial joint /3 DOF
*Has Joint capsule & Disc
*Articular Surfaces
-2 shallow saddle shaped surfaces
Medial end of clavicle
Notch of Manubrium sternum & 1st Costal cartilage
9.
10. Sternoclavicular Disc –
Fibrocartilage disc
*Increases congruence b/w the
articulating surfaces
*Improve joint stability
*Absorb forces transmitted
from lateral end of clavicle to
SC joint
11. Sternoclavicular Joint Ligaments
1. Strong Fibrous capsule – Fairly strong
2. Anterior Sternoclavicular ligament
3. Posterior Sternoclavicular ligament
-Check Anterior & posterior translation of medial end of clavicle
4. Costoclavicular ligament – Bilaminar : Anterior/Posterior
-Limits the elevation of lateral end of clavicle
5. Interclavicular ligament
– Limits excessive depression of the distal clavicle and
Superior gliding of the medial clavicle on the manubrium
17. 2. ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT
-Attaches Scapula to Clavicle
Type: Plane synovial joint /3 DOF
Articular Surfaces:
Lateral end of Clavicle & Small facet on acromion of the Scapula
26. 3. SCAPULOTHORACIC JOINT
-Formed by the articulation of the scapula with the thorax
-Not true anatomic joint
-The SC joint + AC joint : interdependent with ST
Movement at ST joint
AC joint movement /SC joint movement/Both
32. Scapular Elevation coupled
with Anterior tilting
Scapular Depression coupled
with posterior tilting
To follow the Convex Thorax
33. 4. GLENOHUMERUAL JOINT
Most Mobile / Unstable Joint of the human body
Type: Ball-and-Socket Synovial Joint / 3 DOF
Articular Surfaces: The large head of humerus - Distal
The smaller Glenoid fossa – Proximal
Less Articular Congruency less Joint Stability
More susceptible to Degeneration / Instability
35. HEAD OF THE HUMERUS
– Anatomical resting position
Head faces medially
+
superiorly
+
posteriorly
In relation to the shaft of the humerus & the humeral condyles
When the arms hang at the side – the inferior surface of the
humeral head rests on only a small inferior portion of the
Glenoid fossa
36. HEAD OF THE HUMERUS – Angle of inclination
Formed by an axis through the humeral head and neck in relation
to a longitudinal axis through the shaft of the humerus (N=130-
150 in frontal plane)
37. HEAD OF THE HUMERUS – Angle of Torsion
Formed by an axis through the humeral head and neck in
relation to an axis through the humeral condyles(N= 30
posterior)
Posterior Torsion
Retrotorsion
Retroversion
41. GLENOID LABRUM
-Increases the total articular surface of the Glenoid fossa by
increasing the depth / concavity of the fossa by approx. 50%
FUNCTIONS
*Provides resistance to
humeral head translation
*Protects Bony edges
*Reduces joint friction
*Dissipation/spreading
of joint contact forces
*Provides attachment site for
GH ligaments & Long Head -Biceps
44. GLENOHUMERAL LIGAMENTS & JOINT CAPSULE
When arm dependent at the side
Joint Capsule - Loose
Taut superiorly
Slack anteriorly & inferiorly
---------------------------------
Tightens with
Humeral abduction + ER
(Closed packed Positon)
53. BURSAE
A fluid filled sac / thin cushions/tiny water balloon, located at
points of friction between a bone and the surrounding soft tissue
such as skin, muscles, ligaments & tendons for lubrication / to
reduce the friction
1. Subacromial Bursa
2. Subdeltoid Bursa
3. Subcoracoid Bursa
4. Subscapular Bursa
54. Glenohumeral Motions: Osteokinematics & Arthrokinematics
OSTEOKINEMATICS
3 DOF
Flexion /Extension [120/50]
Abduction/ Adduction [ 90-120]
Medial Rotation/Lateral Rotation
Scaption: Abduction in the plane of the scapula
57. In the dependent arm
*Bony geometry - articular surfaces alone can not maintain
joint stability
*With the humeral head rest on the GF:
Gravity acts caudally/downwards
*To maintain equilibrium Cranially directed force needed
-Active contraction / passive tension in
Deltoid/ Supraspinatus/ Long head of Biceps ???- Relaxed
-RIC: Rotator Interval Capsule
*Superior Capsule
*Superior Gleno Humeral ligament
*Coracohumeral ligament
-Glenoid Inclination: Anatomical
58. Inadequate Static stabilization : heavily loaded arm
Supraspinatus Activation
Paralysis of Supraspinatus
Gradual subluxation of GH joint
59. DYNAMIC STABILIZATION
Muscles of Shoulder Complex- Dynamic stabilizers
*Deltoid
*Supraspinatus
*Infraspinatus
*Teres Minor
*Subscapularis
*Long Head of Biceps brachii
66. *Deltoid – a prime mover for GH Abduction [+ Supraspinatus]
*Anterior Fibers GH - Flexion
Middle Fibers GH - Abduction
Posterior Fibers GH – Extension
*Resolution of Deltoid muscle force vector :
-Fx Component :Parallel to long axis of the humerus
Larger
Stabilizer
-Fy Component: Perpendicular to long axis of the humerus
Smaller
Mobilizer
67. *Fx – Parallel muscle force component of Deltoid – if unopposed
Cause the humeral head to impact the coracoacromial arch
before much abduction occurs
*Fy – perpendicular muscle force component of Deltoid
– Not effective
Not be able to cause much abduction
Until the equilibrium of the translatory forces are achieved
68. *Theoretically: 1
Inferiorly directed contact force of the arch
=
Fx component of the Deltoid
Impingement of Subacromial structures PAIN
Prevent much motion
69. *Theoretically: 2
The Inferior pull of the Gravity
Can not offset the Fx component of the Deltoid
The Resultant Force [ Effort Force]
>>
The Gravitational Force [ Resistance Force]
Rotation
70. HOW ARM ELEVATION IS BEEN ACHIVED???
The Deltoid can’t independently ELEVATE the Arm
Another Force / Set of Forces – to work synergistically with the
Deltoid
For the Deltoid to work effectively
To Produce the desires ROTATION
?????
74. *Fy ITS – Perpendicular force component
Cause some Humeral rotation
Compresses the head of the humerus into the Glenoid fossa
*Fx ITS – Parallel force component
Critical :
The Inferior translatory pull of ITS
Nearly Offsets
The Superior translatory pull of the Deltoid
Additional:
Teres Minor + Infraspinatus – Lateral Rotation of Humerus
Subscapularis - Medial Rotation of Humerus
75. The action of the deltoid
and
the combined actions of
the Infraspinatus, Teres minor, and Subscapularis muscles
approximate a force couple
The nearly equal and opposite forces for the deltoid and these
three rotator cuff muscles acting on the humerus approximate an
almost perfect rotation of the humeral head around a relatively
stable axis of rotation
76. *Supraspinatus:
Fx – Parallel force component – Superior translatory
Not able to offset the upward dislocating Deltoid action
Fy – Perpendicular force component - Compressive
Effective Stabilizer of GH joint
Independent Abductor : Larger Moment Arm
Gravity : Stabilizing Synergist
77. *Long head of the Biceps Brachii
Force of Flexion – Neutral Humerus
Force of Abduction – Humerus LR
Reinforce Superior & Middle Glenohumeral ligaments
78. Summary : Dynamic Stabilization
*FOG
*Force of the prime movers - Dynamic
*Force of the muscle stabilizers
*Articular Surface Geometry
*Passive Capsule + Ligaments Forces
*Force of Friction
*Joint Reaction Forces
9-10 Times the Weight of the UE
80. *The Shoulder Complex acts in a coordinated manner to provide
the smoothest & greatest ROM possible to the UE
*The GH motion alone can not achieve full range of elevation of
the humerus
*The remainder of the range is contributed by the scapula on the
thorax through the SC & AC joint motions
81. Significance of Scapulo-Humeral Rhythm
1. Distributes the motions b/w the joints
Allow a large ROM with less compromise of stability
2. Maintains joint congruency
3. Maintains good muscle length - tension relationship
Prevent Active Insufficiency
82. DEFINITION – Scapulo-Humeral Rhythm
An overall ratio of 2 degree of Glenohumeral motion to 1 degree
of Scapulothoracic motion during arm elevation
[ Flexion/Abduction/Scaption]
This Combination of concomitant Glenohumeral &
Scapulothoracic motion is commonly referred to as
SCAPULOHUMERAL RHYTHM
85. Scapulo Thoracic Contribution:
to ELEVATION of the Humerus
-By upward rotation of the Glenoid fossa 50-60 degree from its
resting position
Gleno-Humeral Contribution:
to ELEVATION of the Humerus
-100-120 of Flexion / 90-120 of Abduction
Maximum Range of ELEVATION : 150-180
Lateral Rotation – 50
86. Sternoclavicular + Acromioclavicular Contributions
ST upward Rotation
Coupled with
Clavicular Posterior Rotation
+
Clavicular Elevation
At SC joint
87. ST upward rotation
Coupled with
Scapula – Posterior Tilting [20-30]
+
Initially-Scapular Int. Rotation
&
End Range – Scapular Ext. Rotation [25]
At AC Joint
89. 50% From SC Joint : 20 30 Degree of ST upward Rotation
50% From AC Joint : 20-30 Degree of ST upward Rotation
-------------------------------------------------
Variations in Scapulohumeral Rhythm
GH Motion : ST Motion Ratio -- 1.25:1 2.69:1
90. Upward Rotators of the Scapula
The motions of the scapula are primarily produced by a balance of
the forces between the trapezius and Serratus anterior muscles
97. DELTOID
*Scapular plane abduction- anterior and middle deltoid
*Posterior deltoid has smaller MA
and
thus less effective in frontal plane abduction
*Maintenance of appropriate length-tension relationship of
deltoid is dependent on scapular position/movement and
stabilization.
For example:
when scapula cannot rotate, there is more shortening of deltoid
and thus loss of tension, which causes elevation to up to 90
degrees only.
98. Supraspinatus
*Primary function - to produce abduction with deltoid muscle.
[MOBILIZER]
*Secondary function: acts as a ‘steerer’ of humeral head
and
helps to maintain stability of dependent arm.
[STABILIZER]
99. Infraspinatus + Teres minor + Subscapularis
* These muscle function gradually increases from- 0-115 degrees of
elevation after which (115-180 degrees) it dropped.
*In the initial range of elevation, [I +T]
work to pull the humeral head down,
and
during the middle range,
act to externally rotate for clearing greater tubercle
under coracoacromial arch.
* Subscapularis helps as internal rotator when arm is at side and
during initial range and
With more abduction, its inter rot capacity decreases.
100. UPPER AND LOWER TRAPEZIUS + SERRATUS ANTERIOR
*This force couple produces upward rotation of scapula.
*When the trapezius is intact and the Serratus anterior muscle is paralyzed
active abduction of the arm can occur through its full range,
although it is weakened.
*When the trapezius is paralyzed
(even though the Serratus anterior muscle may be intact),
active abduction of the arm is both weakened and limited in range
with remaining range occurring exclusively at the GH joint.
*Without the trapezius (with or without the Serratus anterior muscle),
the scapula rests in a downwardly rotated position
as a result of the unopposed effect of gravity on the scapula.
101. How SA and trap work with deltoid??
The Serratus anterior and trapezius muscles are prime movers
for upward rotation of the scapula.
These two muscles are also synergists for the deltoid during
abduction at the GH joint.
The trapezius and Serratus anterior muscles,
as upward scapular rotators,
prevent the undesired downward rotatory movement of the
scapula by the middle and posterior deltoid segments that are
attached to the scapula.
102. Rhomboid
It works eccentrically to control upward rotation of the scapula
produced by the trapezius and the Serratus anterior muscles.
It adducts the scapula with lower traps to offset the lateral
translation component of the Serratus anterior muscle.