Symbiosis Updated
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Symbiosis refers to close, long-term associations between two or more species. There are five main types of symbiotic relationships: predation benefits one species at the expense of another; competition involves organisms trying to use limited resources; mutualism benefits both species; commensalism benefits one species without affecting the other; and parasitism benefits one species while harming the other. Examples of each relationship type are provided.
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Lesson 2.2. ecology
The document discusses different feeding relationships between organisms including:
- Autotrophs that can produce their own food like plants versus heterotrophs like animals that must consume other organisms for food.
- Herbivores that eat plants, carnivores and scavengers that eat other heterotrophs, and omnivores that eat both plants and animals.
- Detritivores that eat decaying matter and dead organisms.
- Types of symbiotic relationships including mutualism where both species benefit, commensalism where one benefits and the other is unaffected, parasitism where one benefits at the expense of the other, and predator-prey relationships.
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Symbiosis
Symbiosis is defined as two organisms living together, either temporarily or for a longer period of time, where at least one benefits from the relationship. There are three main types of symbiotic relationships: mutualism, where both organisms benefit; commensalism, where one benefits while the other is unaffected; and parasitism, where one benefits while the other is harmed. Examples of these relationships include cleaner fish removing parasites from moray eels (mutualism), cattle egrets eating insects stirred up by cattle (commensalism), and Taenia worms infecting and potentially blinding humans (parasitism).
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Interaction among living things refers to how each species influences the population dynamics of other species and the carrying capacity of the environment. Carrying capacity is the maximum population size an ecosystem can sustain indefinitely without degradation. There are several types of interactions, including competition over limited resources, predation where one organism kills another for food, and symbiotic relationships where species mutually benefit (mutualism), one benefits without affecting the other (commensalism), or one benefits while harming the other (parasitism).
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Community interactions include competition, predation, and symbiosis. Competition occurs when organisms attempt to use the same ecological resource, leading to winners and losers. Predation involves one organism capturing and feeding on another. Symbiosis is a close relationship between two species, and includes mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. Ecosystems are constantly changing over time through ecological succession in response to disturbances. Succession involves predictable changes in a community's composition as older species decline and new species move in.
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The document discusses the three types of symbiotic relationships: mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. Mutualism benefits both species, like the relationship between clownfish and sea anemones. Commensalism helps one species without affecting the other. Parasitism involves one species harming the other, such as a parasite living on or inside a host.
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The document discusses key concepts around interactions among living things including food chains, food webs, producers, consumers, decomposers, herbivores, carnivores, predators, prey, scavengers, omnivores, and different types of symbiotic relationships such as mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism. It provides definitions and examples of these fundamental ecological terms.
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Community interactions such as competition, predation, and symbiosis shape ecosystems. Competition occurs when organisms seek the same resources, leading to winners and losers. Predation involves a predator killing and eating prey. Symbiosis describes close relationships between species, including mutualism where both benefit, commensalism where one benefits without affecting the other, and parasitism where one harms the host. Ecosystems constantly change through ecological succession as disturbances allow new species to establish over time through primary succession on new surfaces and secondary succession following disturbances.
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Lesson 2.2. ecology
The document discusses different feeding relationships between organisms including:
- Autotrophs that can produce their own food like plants versus heterotrophs like animals that must consume other organisms for food.
- Herbivores that eat plants, carnivores and scavengers that eat other heterotrophs, and omnivores that eat both plants and animals.
- Detritivores that eat decaying matter and dead organisms.
- Types of symbiotic relationships including mutualism where both species benefit, commensalism where one benefits and the other is unaffected, parasitism where one benefits at the expense of the other, and predator-prey relationships.
- Competition that can result
Symbiosis
Symbiosis is defined as two organisms living together, either temporarily or for a longer period of time, where at least one benefits from the relationship. There are three main types of symbiotic relationships: mutualism, where both organisms benefit; commensalism, where one benefits while the other is unaffected; and parasitism, where one benefits while the other is harmed. Examples of these relationships include cleaner fish removing parasites from moray eels (mutualism), cattle egrets eating insects stirred up by cattle (commensalism), and Taenia worms infecting and potentially blinding humans (parasitism).
Interaction among living things
Interaction among living things refers to how each species influences the population dynamics of other species and the carrying capacity of the environment. Carrying capacity is the maximum population size an ecosystem can sustain indefinitely without degradation. There are several types of interactions, including competition over limited resources, predation where one organism kills another for food, and symbiotic relationships where species mutually benefit (mutualism), one benefits without affecting the other (commensalism), or one benefits while harming the other (parasitism).
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Community interactions include competition, predation, and symbiosis. Competition occurs when organisms attempt to use the same ecological resource, leading to winners and losers. Predation involves one organism capturing and feeding on another. Symbiosis is a close relationship between two species, and includes mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. Ecosystems are constantly changing over time through ecological succession in response to disturbances. Succession involves predictable changes in a community's composition as older species decline and new species move in.
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The document discusses key concepts around interactions among living things including food chains, food webs, producers, consumers, decomposers, herbivores, carnivores, predators, prey, scavengers, omnivores, and different types of symbiotic relationships such as mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism. It provides definitions and examples of these fundamental ecological terms.
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Community interactions such as competition, predation, and symbiosis shape ecosystems. Competition occurs when organisms seek the same resources, leading to winners and losers. Predation involves a predator killing and eating prey. Symbiosis describes close relationships between species, including mutualism where both benefit, commensalism where one benefits without affecting the other, and parasitism where one harms the host. Ecosystems constantly change through ecological succession as disturbances allow new species to establish over time through primary succession on new surfaces and secondary succession following disturbances.
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This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology, including definitions of important terms like habitat, environment, adaptation, camouflage, mimicry, predator, prey, producer, consumer, food chain, and food web. Examples are given of adaptations like camouflage in stick insects and mimicry in Viceroy butterflies. Methods for sampling populations are described, such as using quadrats, pitfall traps, and Tullgren funnels. Diagrams illustrate population pyramids, energy pyramids, population curves, and factors affecting population size. The carbon and nitrogen cycles are also summarized.
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This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology, including definitions of important terms like habitat, adaptation, camouflage, mimicry, producers and consumers. It also describes ecological concepts such as food chains, food webs, and energy flow between organisms. Sampling techniques for organisms are introduced, like quadrat sampling and pitfall traps. Population dynamics are covered, like population curves, factors affecting population size, and population pyramids. Cycles of important elements like carbon and nitrogen are also summarized.
Ecology vocab
This document defines key concepts in ecology, including biotic and abiotic factors, producers and consumers, food chains and webs, and ecological relationships. It explains that ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment. Biotic factors are living things, abiotic are non-living. Producers use sunlight to make their own food while consumers rely on other organisms for resources and energy. Food chains show simple energy transfer, while webs account for multiple feeding interactions. Ecological pyramids illustrate biomass and numbers decreasing at each trophic level.
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This document discusses different types of interactions between organisms in an ecosystem. It explains that organisms have feeding relationships where some organisms obtain food by eating other organisms. It then defines several key relationship types between organisms, including predator-prey relationships, competition for resources, mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism. Food chains and food webs are also discussed as a way that energy passes between organisms in an ecosystem.
Habitats and foodchains
This document discusses ecosystems, habitats, and food chains. It explains that an ecosystem includes all the living and non-living things in an area and how they interact. It then describes different habitats and how animals are adapted to their environments. The document also explains producers, consumers, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, predators, and prey. It introduces food chains and food webs, and discusses what can happen if part of a food chain is disrupted. The document concludes by noting threats like habitat loss and pollution that can cause species to become endangered or extinct.
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Symbiosis Updated
- 1. SYMBIOSIS
- 2. Symbiosis • Close, long-term association between two ore more species • “Sym” means together • “Bio” means life • Symbiosis means “living together” • Relationships will always benefit at least one organism involved • 5 types: • Predation • Competition • Mutualism • Commensalism • Parasitism
- 3. Predation • Relationship where one organism captures and consume the other. • Predator: organism doing the capturing, organism that eats the prey • Prey: organism being captured, organism that is eaten by the predator • Predator’s survival depends on its ability to catch their prey • Speed, venom, web, etc. • Prey’s survival depends on its ability to avoid being caught • Camouflage, physical & chemical defenses, etc.
- 4. Competition • Relationship where two or more individuals or populations are trying to use the same limited resources. • Resources: Food, water, shelter, space, sunlight • Example: Elks competing for food from plants. • Elk are herbivores • There are so many plants in their habitat • All of the elks are competing over the same plants for food.
- 5. Mutualism • Symbiotic relationship where both organisms are helped or benefit. • Example: Flowers & Bees • Bees get nectar to make honey from flowers. • Bees carry pollen from flower to flower resulting in pollination. • Bee is benefiting by getting food. • Flower is benefiting by being pollinated.
- 6. Commensalism • Symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the second organism is unaffected (neither harmed or helped). • Example: Sharks & Remoras • Remoras attach to the sharks body and feed on scraps of food left by sharks. • Remoras benefit by getting food. • Sharks are unaffected.
- 7. Parasitism • Symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits or is helped and the other organism is harmed. • Parasite: organism that benefits • Host: organism that is harmed, but not usually killed • Example: Dogs & Fleas • Dogs have an allergic reactions to the fleas and the fleas have a home and gets food. • Dog is harmed by being bitten and having an allergic reaction. • Flea benefits by having a place to live and getting food.
- 8. Name the Relationship • The oxpecker (a bird) lives on a rhino eating all of the bugs & parasites on the rhino. • Mutualism • A lion hunting an antelope. • Predation • Clownfish that are protected from predators by living in a sea anemone with poisonous tentacles. • Commensalism • Two different penguins feeding on fish. • Competition • A tick attaches to a human, sucking blood and possibly transmitting Lyme disease. • Parasitism