Presented by Angela Nguyen, Jordan Dunham and Shonara Jayde Langley at the student training wrap-up meeting at ILRI Hanoi office, Vietnam, 22 December 2019
Improving food safety along the pork value chain in Vietnam—PigRISKILRI
Poster by F. Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, P.V. Hung, P.D. Phuc, S.D. Xuan, N.T.D. Nga, M.L. Lapar, P.H. Ngan and D. Grace presented at the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH) Vietnam partner day on sharing progress and planning ahead for collaborative research, Hanoi, Vietnam, 23 March 2018.
Presented by Delia Grace, Erastus Kang'ethe, Bassirou Bonfoh, Kristina Roesel and Kohei Makita at the 4th annual Leverhulme Centre for Integrative Research on Agriculture and Health (LCIRAH) conference, London, UK, 3-4 June 2014.
Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on wild meat use and perception in communiti...IIED
The document summarizes a study on the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on wild meat use and perceptions in communities near the Dja Faunal Reserve in Cameroon. The study found that the pandemic increased difficulties in accessing schools, income, travel, customers, work and food for many communities. It also found that wild meat consumption remained important despite Covid-19 risks. Most respondents disagreed with proposals to close wild meat markets due to livelihood dependencies and a lack of alternatives. The conclusion was that pandemic impacts on livelihoods seemed more concerning than health risks from wild meat, and findings could help policymaking support communities.
ILRI research on foodborne diseases and antimicrobial resistance associated w...ILRI
Presentation by Delia Grace, Florence Mutua, Fred Unger, Johanna Lindahl, Kristina Roesel, Ram Pratim Deka, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Barbara Wieland and Hung Nguyen-Viet at a regional symposium on research into smallholder pig production, health and pork safety, Hanoi, Vietnam, 27–29 March 2019.
This document discusses food safety issues in informal markets in developing countries. It notes that most poor consumers purchase food from these markets, where regulations are lacking. Key food safety problems discussed include aflatoxins contaminating staple crops like maize in Africa, resulting in many illnesses and deaths annually. Studies also found unacceptably high levels of foodborne bacteria in meat, dairy and fish products across different settings and value chains. However, effective and low-cost interventions to improve food safety and hygiene practices among vendors have been shown to significantly reduce contamination and save economies millions of dollars in health costs.
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Food safety performance in animal-source food value chainsILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Phuc Pham-Duc, Pham Van Hung, Huyen Le Thi Thanh, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Nguyen Thanh Luong, Hai Ngo Hoang Tuan and Delia Grace at the 1st International Conference on Veterinary and Animal Science - the role of veterinary science to cope with pandemics, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, Indonesia, 20 October 2020.
Improving food safety along the pork value chain in Vietnam—PigRISKILRI
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Presented by Delia Grace, Erastus Kang'ethe, Bassirou Bonfoh, Kristina Roesel and Kohei Makita at the 4th annual Leverhulme Centre for Integrative Research on Agriculture and Health (LCIRAH) conference, London, UK, 3-4 June 2014.
Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on wild meat use and perception in communiti...IIED
The document summarizes a study on the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on wild meat use and perceptions in communities near the Dja Faunal Reserve in Cameroon. The study found that the pandemic increased difficulties in accessing schools, income, travel, customers, work and food for many communities. It also found that wild meat consumption remained important despite Covid-19 risks. Most respondents disagreed with proposals to close wild meat markets due to livelihood dependencies and a lack of alternatives. The conclusion was that pandemic impacts on livelihoods seemed more concerning than health risks from wild meat, and findings could help policymaking support communities.
ILRI research on foodborne diseases and antimicrobial resistance associated w...ILRI
Presentation by Delia Grace, Florence Mutua, Fred Unger, Johanna Lindahl, Kristina Roesel, Ram Pratim Deka, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Barbara Wieland and Hung Nguyen-Viet at a regional symposium on research into smallholder pig production, health and pork safety, Hanoi, Vietnam, 27–29 March 2019.
This document discusses food safety issues in informal markets in developing countries. It notes that most poor consumers purchase food from these markets, where regulations are lacking. Key food safety problems discussed include aflatoxins contaminating staple crops like maize in Africa, resulting in many illnesses and deaths annually. Studies also found unacceptably high levels of foodborne bacteria in meat, dairy and fish products across different settings and value chains. However, effective and low-cost interventions to improve food safety and hygiene practices among vendors have been shown to significantly reduce contamination and save economies millions of dollars in health costs.
Safer food for traditional markets from a One health perspectiveILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger, Phuc Pham-Duc, Hung Pham Van, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Huyen Le Thi, Sothyra Tum, Chhay Ty, Jenny-Ann Toribio, Hai Ngo Hoang Tuan, Nga Nguyen-Thi-Duong and Hung Nguyen-Viet at the 23rd Khon Kaen Veterinary Annual International Conference, Khon Kaen, Thailand, 2 September 2022.
Food safety performance in animal-source food value chainsILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Phuc Pham-Duc, Pham Van Hung, Huyen Le Thi Thanh, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Nguyen Thanh Luong, Hai Ngo Hoang Tuan and Delia Grace at the 1st International Conference on Veterinary and Animal Science - the role of veterinary science to cope with pandemics, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, Indonesia, 20 October 2020.
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The document summarizes research by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) on food safety in informal markets in developing countries. Some key findings include:
- Informal markets are highly preferred sources of meat, milk and eggs for poor consumers due to lower prices, freshness, and credit options.
- Most consumers in informal markets are concerned about food safety, and willingness to pay studies show they would pay a premium for safer products.
- While hazards are common in informal markets, the actual risks to human health are not always high and depend on factors like traditional preparation methods.
- Perceptions of risk do not always match the evidence - food in formal markets is often perceived as safer but may not
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We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
�
(
�
−
�
)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
�
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
�
cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
�
) with
Λ
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
�
Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
�
truly diverge from their low-
�
counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
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Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
3. On behalf of Jenny-Ann, Auriol and Sydney School of Veterinary
Science, we thank you for hosting our group and letting us take part
in the SafePork project!
6. Findings
❖ 89% of pigs were handled on the grids and slabs
❖ Pigs’ viscera being placed in separate containers
• 58% over the baseline period
• 100% over the F1 period
7. Findings
❖ Duration of carcass exposure will be used
throughout the research to determine if
there is a correlation with amount of
coliform and total bacteria count
❖ The average time between a pig entering
the slaughter area and the end of
bleeding was 4 minutes over the baseline
period and 2 minutes over the F1 period
8. Personal Gain
❖ African Swine Fever and its impact
❖ Food Safety
❖ Realisations
❖ Future contributions
12. Risk Communication Survey
❖ Focus: Consumers of traditional and wet markets
compared to consumers of supermarkets, convenience
stores and boutique markets in an urban setting
13.
14. Initial findings
Traditional/Wet Markets
Supermarkets,
Convenience store,
boutique shops
Hazards in pork Microbial Microbial
Worried about
consuming pork
Yes (71%) Yes (59%)
Most trusted source of
food safety
communication
TV, Radio,
Neighbors/Family
TV, Social Media,
Internet
15. Personal Gain
❖ Watching the process of developing the risk communication
survey
❖ The value of pre-testing the survey
❖ Opportunity to analyse the data collected
❖ Will make me more likely to stop for researcher’s questions
at home!
16. Reflection
❖ Rewarding research
❖ The intricate relationship between researchers and media
platforms to get accurate information to consumers
❖ Taking part in the media workshop
❖ The amazing opportunity to experience Vietnam
18. Risk communication survey
• Gap between academia and general public (pretesting was vital and taught us a lot
about what needed to change in the survey to increase clarity for general public)
• Finding willing participants was somtimes difficult particularly in Hanoi where people
are very busy.
• Time management was vital
19. Interesting
findings in Hanoi
vs Hoa binh
traditional
markets
(urban VS rural)
Across both the urban and rural traditional markets
microbial contamination was the hazard of most concern as
indicated by 54% of consumers in both areas. Chemical
hazards were also a concern as indicated by 32% of
consumers in Hoa Binh and 22% of consumers on Hanoi.
However in Hanoi microbial contamination was ranked the
lowest risk to health with an average ranking of 8.5/10
Trust levels in the traditional market appeared to be slightly
higher in the consumers of Hanoi than in the consumers of
Hoa Binh And in Hoa Binh “own grown pigs” and pigs grown
by neighbours where amongst the most trusted.
In Hoa Binh consumers were more concerned with the
welfare of pigs than those in Hanoi who were mainly
concerned with the hygiene of the farm.
22. what I gained from this
experience
A Clearer understanding of the
complexities involved in conducting
a survey-based study
A more global understanding of the meat industry which is useful as I
may want to work outside of Australia after graduation.
The importance of clear risk communication between academia,
media and public.
23. Thank you to everyone at ILRI for this Amazing opportunity and experience!!!
Leading up to the slaughterhouse visit, I worked with the team to refine the checklist to make it easier and more efficient.
I went with the SafePork team consisting of Sinh, Hai, and Trang to do the first follow up visit after implementing the training, grid and slab interventions.
We visited on the 6th, 9th, and 12th of December to observe and collect data. Trang and I took note of the SH’s condition, whether or not the workers and retailers used the grids and slabs among other things.
In total, we observed 18 pigs out of our 3 site visits.
16/18 of pigs were handled on the grids and slabs over the F1 period
7/12 of pigs’ viscera were placed in separate containers over the baseline period as compared to all pigs’ viscera over the F1 period
To understand the impact of ASF firsthand and not just from a news clip made me realise how important biosecurity is. To prevent the spread of such a high mortality disease would save the country from drastic economic loss.
My knowledge of food safety over these past three weeks has expanded. There are many avenues wherein food safety could be compromised and the work the SafePork team is doing is invaluable to the people of Vietnam and even the world. I realised that this time has put in so much time and effort and will continue to do so until the end of the project in order to provide effective interventions to improve food safety. This has inspired me to one day come back to work with ILRI when I can make contributions as a veterinarian.
I am very thankful to be part of an amazing team who made sure that I was ok all throughout the visits. Thank you for answering my questions and making sure that I understand what is happening.
initial impressions were that consumers at the traditional markets were willing to spend more time answering the questions
Ly and all the interviewers worked so hard to convince consumers to participate - I’m so impressed, it can hard to hear “no” so many times. Thank you!!
I’m looking forward to analysing all the data - but the initial findings show that at both kinds of markets, the top hazard in pork that consumers are concerned about are microbials, with chemical contamination being very close second.
The majority of all consumers have been worried about eating pork in the last month - with a larger proportion of the traditional consumers worried than the modern
There was an interesting difference in trusted source of information for food safety. Traditional consumers thought TV was most reliable, then radio, then neighbors/family. While the consumers from the more modern retailers thought TV, social media and the internet were the top most reliable sources.
A large focus in our studies as veterinary students is practicing Evidence Based Medicine. We will never be able to learn everything that could possibly happen to an animal, so there is an importance for us to be able to identify and understand appropriate papers. Being a part of this team has given me a better insight and understanding of the research process. It was great to be able to take part in the editing of the survey. It was also interesting to see the importance of the pre-test. When going over the survey before, we thought we had listed all of the possible answers, and asked our questions in a clear manner. However we found that even though we had 7+ options for a particular question, after the pre-test it was evident that more needed to be added. Being able to analyse the dataset and determine the sample size will make me a better researcher.
Rewarding aspects of research - Being able to help people through research and make changes - this project will not just tick a box for our required paper next year, but will hopefully help improve consumer safety.
Highlighted the importance of the whole community working together (Dr. Bodnar said yesterday that it must be a teamwork effort between researchers and the media)
Has opened my eyes to opportunities after graduation
I am so fortunate to have experienced the beautiful country of Vietnam. Everyone has been so welcoming and kind. I know that I have grown as a student, as and a person from this experience. I also may have also grown in pant sizes because Vietnamese food is delicious and I will definitely miss it!!
Thank you again for having me.