In health management, the role is all about ensuring that hospitals and healthcare facilities run as they should. It's about planning, organizing, and overseeing health services. Imagine being the person who decides how a hospital should be arranged so doctors and nurses can do their best work, or figuring out what kind of staff is needed and making sure they're trained right. It's a job that keeps one on their toes because healthcare is always changing, and so are the needs of the community.
When managing health, it's about being everywhere at once - supervising, inspiring, and making sure everyone's on the same page. It's about setting goals and then making sure you reach them. If something's not working, you've got to figure out why and fix it. This means constantly checking on how things are going and being ready to change plans if needed.
Managing health isn't just about managing sickness; it's about promoting wellness too. It's planning for the future, making sure that the next generation has a healthy start, and that those who are ill get the care they need. It's about having the right people with the right skills in the right place at the right time.
In health management, you could be planning a big operation, making sure the operating theatre is ready and everyone knows what they're doing. It's also about day-to-day tasks, like taking someone's blood pressure correctly or deciding what kind of machines and equipment a hospital needs.
For health managers, it's about knowing people as much as it is about knowing medicine. They have to be good with numbers to handle the money side of things, and they need to be able to make tough decisions. Communication is key because they have to talk to all kinds of people, from patients to doctors, to government officials.
In India, where family and community are so important, health managers are like the head of a large family. They need to look after everyone, make sure they're healthy, and help them live their best life. It's a role that requires a lot of care, a cool head, and a big heart.
Health management is where art meets science in healthcare. It's using creativity to solve problems and applying scientific principles to make sure everything runs smoothly. It involves everything from designing the way a hospital works to handling the staff and making sure patients are happy.
And it's not just about the present. Health management is about looking ahead, predicting what health services will need in the future, and planning for that today. It's a career that can truly be effective in people's lives.
3. Basic Principles of Management (POLCCSDCAI)
1.Planning: Setting goals, defining tasks, and developing strategies.
2.Organizing: Arranging resources and tasks to achieve objectives.
3.Leading: Influencing and motivating individuals or teams.
4.Controlling: Monitoring progress and taking corrective actions.
5.Coordination: Integrating activities and efforts.
6.Staffing: Selecting and recruiting the right people.
7.Decision-making: Making informed choices.
8.Communication: Effective exchange of information.
9.Adaptability: Being responsive to changes.
10. Continuous Improvement: Promoting innovation and learning.
These are applicable to Health Management as well.
A Mother is the Best Manager
4. 5M in Management
(E.g., Taking Blood pressure with sphygmomanometer correctly)
Man
(Doctor)
Method
(Manual)
Money
(Cost of apparatus
and time and
expertise)
Machine
(Calibred and
accurate)
Materials
(Chair, desk,
relaxed
patient…)
5. Introduction to Health
Management
• Health management (healthcare management or
healthcare administration), is the field related to
leadership, management, and administration of
public and private health systems and hospitals.
• Health management professionals work to ensure that
organizations have the proper systems in place to
efficiently (doing in an optimal way, at lowest cost) and
effectively (achieving the desired results) carry out the
organization's work of delivering healthcare services to
patients
• The aim of health management is to enhance the health
of the individuals and the communities.
Leadership, in simple words, is the ability to guide, inspire, and influence people
to achieve a common goal.
Management is process of organizing and coordinating tasks to achieve specific
objectives. It's done at middle and lower hierarchical level
Administration is making decisions for the organization and establishing policies
that guide the management process. It's done at higher level.
6. Components of Health
Management
• Planning: Involves defining the organization's goals and establishing
an appropriate strategy to achieve these goals
• Organizing: This involves developing an organizational structure and
allocating human resources to ensure the accomplishment of
objectives
• Staffing: This component involves recruiting, training, and retaining
competent personnel to carry out the tasks necessary to achieve
organizational goals
• Directing: The health manager leads, motivates, and communicates
with employees to encourage them to perform their roles effectively
• Controlling: Involves monitoring, comparing actual goals with
planned goals, and taking corrective actions as required
7. Does planning a surgical operation comes
under healthcare management?
Planning
Organising
Staffing
Directing
Controlling
8. Planning in
Health
Management
Establishing
strategies for future
health services,
setting goals and
determining actions
to achieve them
It aligns the healthcare
organization's
objectives and
resources, paving the
way for efficient
health services
It provides a roadmap
for the healthcare
organization, reducing
uncertainty,
minimizing wastage
of resources, and
setting a direction
Goal and Objectives
9. Organizing in
Health
Management
Arranging and structuring work to
accomplish organizational goals
Organizing allows for efficient
management of resources,
personnel, and processes within
healthcare
It ensures that the healthcare service
delivery process is smooth, with
clear roles and responsibilities,
fostering efficient healthcare services
10. Staffing in Health
Management
• Ensuring the healthcare organization has the
right people with the right skills at the right
time
• Staffing is crucial in healthcare, where
specialized skills are often required
• Proper staffing contributes to patient
satisfaction, efficient service delivery, and
improved healthcare outcomes
At the Right Time
Training and Re-training
11. Directing in
Health
Management
Influencing and overseeing
employees' activities to achieve
organizational goals
It ensures employees' efforts align
with organizational objectives
Effective direction increases
employee motivation,
communication, and ultimately leads
to enhanced healthcare services
All Pervasive= Present everywhere
Supervision (correcting)
12. Controlling in
Health
Management
Monitoring progress
towards goal
achievement and
taking corrective
actions as needed
It ensures the
healthcare
organization is on track
to meet its objectives
It plays a vital role in
quality assurance,
patient safety, and
service efficiency in
healthcare services
Monitoring (comparing with goal)
13. Recall Components of
Health Management
• Planning: Involves defining the organization's goals and establishing
an appropriate strategy to achieve these goals
• Organizing: This involves developing an organizational structure and
allocating human resources to ensure the accomplishment of
objectives
• Staffing: This component involves recruiting, training, and retaining
competent personnel to carry out the tasks necessary to achieve
organizational goals
• Directing: The health manager leads, motivates, and communicates
with employees to encourage them to perform their roles effectively
• Controlling: Involves monitoring, comparing actual goals with planned
goals, and taking corrective actions as required
16. Organizational
Design
• It's the process of creating, selecting, or
changing the structure of an organization
• It influences how efficiently and effectively the
organization can meet its objectives
• A well-designed organizational structure can
lead to improved communication, productivity,
and innovation
Centralised or Decentralised. Cricket team?
17. Personnel
Management
• It's about managing personnel or human
resources in an organization
• It is critical to ensure the right staff are in
the right roles and are adequately
motivated and trained
• Effective personnel management can
result in improved employee satisfaction
and productivity
Recruitment and Selection
Training & Development
Workforce planning
Employee relations
Performance management
18. Communication
• The exchange of information between
people
• In healthcare, clear and effective
communication between healthcare
professionals and between providers and
patients is critical
• Good communication can improve patient
satisfaction, adherence to treatment plans,
and overall healthcare outcomes
What to communicate
Who to communicate
When to communicate
Where to communicate
How to communicate
What is Communication?
One-way or two-way?
19. • Doctor-Patient Consultations
• Therapy Sessions
• Health Hotlines
• Support Groups
• Health Workshops
• Telemedicine
• Post-operative Follow-ups
• Pharmacy Consultations
• Nutritional Counseling
• Medical Team Meetings
Public Health Announcements
Posters and Brochures
Medication Leaflets
Pre-recorded Messages
Email Notifications
Health Advertisements
Health Websites
Instructional Videos
Automated Text Reminders
Lectures or Seminars
Newsletters
Informational Signage
Mass Immunization Campaigns
20. Health
Management
Information
Systems
• Systems used to process data and
produce information that aids in
management decision-making
• They can provide health managers
with timely and relevant information,
aiding decision-making
• Effective use of Management
Information Systems can lead to more
informed decision-making and
improved healthcare service delivery
Integrated Health Information Platform (IHIP)
21. Management by
Objectives
• A management model that aims to improve
performance by clearly defining objectives
that are agreed upon by both management
and employees
• In healthcare, MBO can be used to clearly
define and align objectives at all levels,
enhancing motivation and performance
• MBO can lead to improved communication,
employee motivation, and achievement of
organizational objectives
23. Cost-Benefit Analysis
• A financial tool used to determine the benefits
associated with a particular action or
decision, in relation to its cost
• It can provide valuable insight into the
financial viability of healthcare interventions
• Using cost-benefit analysis in healthcare can
support decision-making, ensuring
interventions provide value for money
ORS? . Telmisartan (40.0 Mg) cost?
24. Cost-Effective
Analysis
• A form of economic analysis that compares
the relative costs and outcomes of different
courses of action
• In healthcare, it can help in deciding how to
allocate resources to achieve the best health
outcomes
• It can lead to more efficient use of resources,
ensuring the best possible health outcomes
given available resources
Effective: Successful in producing a
desired or intended result.
25. Cost-
Accounting
• An accounting method that aims to capture a
company's costs of production by assessing
the input costs of each step of production
• In healthcare, it can help in understanding the
true cost of providing services, which can
inform pricing and budgeting decisions
• It can lead to more accurate pricing, better
financial management, and ultimately, more
sustainable healthcare services
26. Input-Output
Analysis
• An economic model that represents the flows
of goods and services between sectors in an
economy
• In healthcare, it can provide insight into the
relationships between different service
areas, which can inform resource allocation
and strategic planning
• It can lead to a better understanding of the
healthcare system, which can support
strategic planning and policymaking
27. Model
• A simplified representation of a system that
aids in understanding, predicting, or
improving system performance
• Models can provide valuable insights into
complex healthcare systems, informing
planning and decision-making
• They can help health managers predict the
impacts of different interventions, leading
to more informed decision-making and
improved health outcomes
The purpose of models is to analyze, describe, or
improve complex situations by breaking them down
into more understandable components.
28. System Analysis
The process of
observing systems
for troubleshooting or
development purposes
It can help health
managers identify
opportunities for
system improvement
It can lead to improved
system performance,
enhancing the
efficiency and
effectiveness of
healthcare services
29. Network Analysis
(PERT & CPM)
• The process of investigating and visualizing
complex systems to understand their
structure and behavior
• It can provide insights into relationships and
dependencies within the healthcare system
• It can support decision-making and strategic
planning, improving system performance
Network analysis refers to the study of connections
among various entities
Program Evaluation and Review Technique
30. PERT in Health
Management
A project management tool used to
schedule, organize, and coordinate
tasks within a project
In health management, PERT can
aid in coordinating complex
projects such as hospital
constructions or health programs
It helps to estimate project
completion times and identify
potential delays in health projects
Analyze the tasks involved in completing a given project,
especially the time needed to complete each task, and to
identify the minimum time needed to complete the total
Program Evaluation and Review Technique
31. CPM in Health
Management
A step-by-step project management technique for process
planning that defines critical and non-critical tasks
It's used in health management for planning and scheduling
patient care or other health projects
It ensures efficient use of time, resources and minimizes delay
in projects
Location refers to the place where a health facility is situated;
layout refers to the arrangement of physical facilities
Both are significant in health management to provide easy
access and ensure smooth service delivery
Appropriate location and layout contribute to efficient patient
flow, improved patient satisfaction, and reduced costs
Longest path of interdependent
activities
Critical Path Method
32. Planning-Programming-
Budgeting System
• A budgeting system that integrates planning,
programming, and budgeting functions into a
single process
• It can support comprehensive, long-term
planning in healthcare, aligning resources
with strategic goals
• It can lead to better financial management,
ensuring resources are used effectively to
achieve strategic goals
33. Work Sampling
• A statistical technique used to determine
proportions of time spent on various
activities, by observing subjects over a
period
• It can provide insights into how healthcare
professionals spend their time, which can
inform workforce planning and process
improvement efforts
• It can lead to more effective use of staff time
and improved healthcare service delivery
34. Decision
Making
• The process of choosing a course of action
from among multiple alternatives
• Every aspect of health management involves
decision-making, from resource allocation to
strategic planning
• Effective decision-making can lead to
improved health outcomes, more efficient
resource use, and better patient
satisfaction
36. EOQ (Economic Order
Quality) in
Inventory
Management
(Total ordering cost +
Total holding cost)
EOQ is an inventory-related
equation that determines the
optimal order quantity that
minimizes total inventory costs
It's crucial in healthcare to
prevent under or overstocking of
vital healthcare supplies
It ensures availability of
necessary supplies while
minimizing costs associated with
ordering and carrying inventory
37. ABC Analysis in
Inventory Management
• A method of categorizing inventory items
into 3 classes (A, B, C) based on their
importance
• In health management, it can help prioritize
resources on most critical items
• This aids in better inventory control, cost
savings, and efficient resource allocation
38. 5S and JIT in Health
Management
• 5S ((Sort, Set, Shine, Standardize, Sustain) is a
workplace organization method.
• JIT (Just-in-time) is a production strategy that
focuses on producing what is needed when it's
needed
• In healthcare, 5S aids in reducing waste and
optimizing productivity
• Both help streamline processes, reduce waste,
increase efficiency and patient satisfaction
Sort: Remove unnecessary items
Set (in order): Organising remaining items
Shine: Clean workplace regularly
Standardise: Maintain above steps (consistency)
Sustain: Make this steps part of workplace
39. Predictive
Analytics in
Health
Management
Use of data, statistical
algorithms to predict future
outcomes
Helps in anticipating patient
needs, care outcomes, and
resource requirements
Predictive analytics can
enhance patient care, improve
efficiency, and reduce costs
40. Queuing and Capacity
Planning in Health
Management
• Queuing is the management of waiting
lines; capacity planning ensures
sufficient resources to meet demand
• Crucial in healthcare to manage
patient flow and ensure resources are
effectively utilized
• Reduces wait times, improves patient
satisfaction, and enhances service
delivery
41. Lean Six Sigma in Health
Management
• Lean= Elimination of waste (anything that
doesn't add value).
• Six Sigma= Identifying and removing the
causes of defects (errors) and minimizing
variability in (manufacturing and business)
processes
• A method that relies on a collaborative team
effort to improve performance by removing
waste
• Used in healthcare to improve processes,
remove inefficiencies
• Enhances patient care by reducing errors,
lowering cost, and improving patient
satisfaction
42. DMAIC in Health
Management
• DMAIC stands for Define, Measure, Analyse,
Improve, and Control
• In healthcare, DMAIC can be used to enhance
various processes like patient care, hospital
administration, and inventory management
• It provides a structured approach to problem-
solving, leading to improved efficiency, higher
quality, and better patient outcomes
43. Health
Economics
The field of study that
applies the theories of
economics to the matters
of health and healthcare
It helps health managers
make informed decisions
about resources allocation,
cost-effectiveness, and
financing of healthcare
services
Health Economics enables
the provision of cost-
effective health services,
ensuring the best use of
limited resources
44. Quality Improvement &
Patient Safety
• A systematic approach to making changes
leading to better patient outcomes, system
performance, and professional development
• Essential for maintaining and improving the
quality of healthcare services and ensuring
patient safety
• Regular quality improvement initiatives lead to
better patient care, reduced healthcare
complications, and lower healthcare costs
45. Public-Private
Partnerships in Health
• Collaboration between government and
private sector entities for the provision of
public health services
• It can pool resources, share risk, and
increase the efficiency of healthcare
delivery
• Public-Private Partnerships can enhance
healthcare accessibility, affordability, and
quality
46. Future of
Health
Management
Discussion: future
health managers must
adapt to changing
technologies, patient
demographics, health
challenges, and
healthcare policies
as the healthcare
landscape evolves, so
too must health
management
strategies and
practices
by anticipating and
adapting to future
changes, health
management can
ensure effective,
efficient, and equitable
health services
47. Skills for
Future Health
Managers
the abilities and
knowledge that will be
required of health
managers in the future,
including leadership,
strategic thinking,
adaptability,
technological savvy,
and understanding of
healthcare policy and
law
as health management
evolves, so too will the
skills required of health
managers
by building these skills,
future health managers
can lead their
organizations in
delivering effective,
efficient, and
innovative healthcare
services
