The document discusses sustainable solid waste management practices at the urban level in Peshawar City, Pakistan. It describes the existing waste generation and collection, and proposes three solutions: 1) Developing a sanitary landfill project at an estimated cost of 2.5 billion PKR. 2) Constructing a compost plant at an estimated cost of 2 billion PKR to process 300 tons of waste per day. 3) A waste-to-energy project at an estimated cost of 7.4 billion PKR to generate 30 MW of energy from 800-1000 tons of daily waste. It provides details on the estimated costs and benefits of each proposed solution.

1. Sustainable Solid
Waste
Management
Practices at
Urban Level
(WSSP).
CONCEPT

2. A. Existing Solid Waste Management at Urban Level
• Population of Peshawar City: 1.97 Million (2017
census)
• Annual Growth Rate 3.96 % (Highest in Pakistan)
• Estimated generation of Solid Waste 1000 tons/day
• Collection of Solid Waste by WSSP around 800
tons/day
• Final disposal: Dumping at Bahdur Kalai at a rental
location

3. Benefits of MSW
• Environment
• Health
• Safety issues
• Land issues
• Flood

4. Proposed Solution for Sustainable SWM
- Sanitary Land Fill (Estimated Cost Rs. 2.5
billion)
- Construction and development of Compost
Plant (Estimated Cost :Rs 2 billion)
- Waste to Energy project (Cost Rs. 7.4 billion)

5. Development of Sanitary Land Filling Project
Estimated Cost : 2.5 Billion PKR
Solid Waste Management at Urban Level
Allied Facilities
• Installation of Weigh Bridges linked to video wall
• Development of the Service road for waste unloading vehicles
till sanitary landfill cell
• Development of Buffer Zone across the landfill site
• Requirements
• Distance from Urban area: 30 Km
• Total area of Landfill Facility: 600 Kanal
• Area of Land Fill : 400 Kanal
• Design Capacity : 500 – 1000 tons/day
Contd..

6. Solid Waste Management at Urban Level
• Essential Components of Sanitary Land filling
Project
• Liner System
• Leachate Collection Facility
• Gas capturing system
• Environmental Monitoring well
• Wheel Washing area
• Benefits
• Air pollution control
• Ground water pollution control due to leachate
treatment
• Reduction in global warming gases emission
• Conversion of landfill into Children Park

7. Sanitary Landfill Development Cost
S.NO Item Cost in Million PKR
1 Landfill Construction 1100
2 Gas collection system 7
3 Leachate collection system 16
4 Leachate pool 14
5 Storm water 2
6 Ring Road 12
7 Access road and parking 60
8 Admin block 20
9 Workshop building 35
10 Wheel washing area 10
11 Sewerage system 5
12 Water tank 4
13 Landscaping 3
14 Boundry wall 50
15 Ground Water Observation well 3
16 Mechanical works 500
17 Electical works 300
18 Weigh bridge 100
19 Miscellaneous works 284
20 Total 2525

8. Cont…..
Roughly 20 million tons solid waste is generated with
2.4% growth each year.
Potential of 1000 MW is available through Municipal
Solid Waste.
City wise waste and estimated generation of
electricity is as under:
 Karachi 15,000 ton per day 300 MW
 Lahore 8,000 ton per day 160 MW
 Peshawar 1,000 ton per day 30 MW
 Quetta 300-400 ton per day 10 MW
Project 2: Waste To Energy
Cost : 7.4 Billion PKR (Source: NEPRA)
Solid Waste Management at Urban Level

9. Solid Waste Management at Urban Level
Peshawar generates 800-1000 ton waste per day
The garbage is dumped at temporary sites
identified by WSSP
The Peshawar City has potential of 30 MW
20-25 Acre land will be required for 30 MW
power plant

10. Salient Features of NEPRA Upfront Tariff
Incentives
Levelized Tariff US Cents 10.0070/kWh
Project Cost US$ 3.5 million per MW
IRR 16%
Debt: Equity 75:25
Tariff Control Period 25 years
Insurance 1% of EPC
O&M Costs 5% of EPC Cost
Spread over LIBOR 4.5%
Capacity 250 MW (50 MW for each province & Federal Govt.)
Spread over KIBOR
Nil as per State Bank of Pakistan policy. Commercial
Financing after exhausting the aforesaid scheme.
Timeline
Opt for Tariff One years from the date of notification
Construction Period 24 months
Coverage Inflation Risk, Exchange Rate Risk, LIBOR/ KIBOR change, Insurance etc

11. Private Sector :
Power & Energy Development Corporation
• The PEDC is an authorized consultant of
Hangzhou- Jinjiang Group China. It is a
Chinese company that has authorized PEDC to
contact District Local Authorities of Pakistan
for waste to energy (WTE) project proposal &
implementation.
• 500 tons/day MSW generate 10 MW

12. Modes of Project Implementation
• Public Private Partnership (PPP) for commercial
agreement between Hangzhou Jinjiang group & local
government or its associated company. Following are
the wide range of contractual options of which
anyone could be opted
 Built –OWN- Operate (BOO)  Built–Own-Operate-transfer
(BOOT)
 Built- Transfer(BT)  Built- transfer and Operate(BTO)
 Built –Operate and
transfer(BOT)
 Built-Lease-Transfer(BLT)
 Joint Venture (JV)

13. Benefits of the WTE projects
• Cleaner environment as a result of elimination of
municipal waste
• Recovery of recyclable material of more than 50%
• Conversion of waste into useful product like power /
energy.
• Gain of carbon credit from international agencies
• Furnace ash collection & reutilization as bricks and
roads paving materials
• Energy self-reliance and savings in much needed
foreign exchange.
• Jobs for local human resource both in permanent and
contractual category.

14. WASTE To Energy

15. Solid Waste Management at Urban Level
Project.3
Project Name: Construction and Development of Compost Plant in
Peshawar City
Project Cost: 2 billion PKR (tentative cost)
• Composting is an aerobic biodegradation process used to decompose organic
material
• Around 300 tons of MSW can be processed through composting plant and the
composting is suitable in Pakistan because of the below reason
• High moisture content, high Carbon Nitrogen (C/N) ratio and low value of
volatile content of solid waste
• Cheap process.
• Environment friendly
• 100% natural, no chemical addition
• Improves soil strength - therefore it is called soil conditioner / supplement
• Improves fertility of soil through pure organic matter
• Increases water holding capacity of soil
• Act as natural pesticide
• In ecosystems, it is useful for erosion control, land and stream reclamation,
wetland construction, and as landfill cover.

16. Compost Plant (Reference Lahore)

17. Process at Compost Plant
Compost processing is done through aerobic decomposition
using Windrow technology without any addition of chemicals.
Windrow means a long heap of regular shape and cross
section, prepared with the organic material.
The composting process normally takes around 60 days to
complete.
The plant and machinery supplied by MENART of Belgium, has
a capacity to produce around 40,000 MT of compost per
annum.(Lahore Compost)

18. Process Benefits
Composting process employed not only
controls the emission of Green House Gases
(GHG) to the environment but also turns the
organic material extracted from MSW into a
useful product which eventually go back to the
soil, hence facilitates effective and efficient
management of waste.

19. Compost Making Operations
Compost making operations include:
1. Sorting of MSW
2. Shredding of compostable material and
mixing
3. Windrows management
4. Compost sieving and bagging

20. What is Compost?
Compost is a stable, humus like product resulting from
the biological decomposition of organic matter under
controlled conditions.
Controlled biological decomposition process is what
differentiates composting from the natural
decomposition of organic matter.
Organic materials are decomposed regardless of
whether or not we compost them, but regulating and
optimizing conditions ensures a faster and environment
friendly process, thus producing quality end product.
Operations Flow Chart
MSW Sorting +
Screening
Combustible
Material
Organic
Material
Organic
Piling Area
Cow Dung +
Green Waste
Compost
Shed
Composting
(Windrows)
Compost
Sieving
Bagging
Rejected
Material
Rejected
Material
Ware House

21. Final Conveyor Belt

22. Windrows Management

23. Windrows Parameter Check

24. Analyses of Compost
1. Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio (C:N)
2. Organic matter
3. Moisture
4. Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)
5. pH
6. Electrical Conductivity (EC)
7. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

25. Windrow Turning

26. Windrow Turner

27. Compost Sieving & Bagging