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Near-term quantum computing SW/HW
co-design
Yunong Shi
Argonne National Lab
07.29.2019
Algorithms
Classical computing
in 1950’s
Assembly language
Vacuum tubes, relay
circuits
Algorithms
Classical computing
today
VLSI circuits
Semiconductor
transistors
High level language
Compiler & OS
Architecture
Gates, registers...
Algorithms
Between now and
future …?
Logic implementation
High level language
Domain-
specific
Approach
Domain-
specific
Approach
...
Scale too fast
Manage complexity
Scale slowly
Improve efficiency
What about quantum computing?
Limited apps
Gates, registers
Noisy physical
implementation
High level language
Compiler
Classical control
Quantum computing
now
vs classical computing in 1950’s
Pro:
Theories exist for ~ 20 years
Sophisticated classical control system.
Con:
Error is, and will always be there.
Better apps
Near-term goal
Better physical
implementation
User interface
Domain-specifc
Approach
...
Near-term applications
● Only needs noisy qubits and short circuit depth
(Co-processing with classical computers)
● Easily-verifiable solution
● Compact problem representation
● High complexity computation
● Compact solution
Supremacy test
Giving a random
quantum circuit
description
Quantum computer Classical computer
Question: Will the
probability of getting
some certain output
string larger than half of
the strings?
Quantum chemistry
Example: 1-d Ising chain with nearest neighbor interaction
What’s the minimal E(ground energy) so that
Quantum chemistry
Chemistry
systems
Qubits
map
Digitize & Evolve
Quantum phase estimation
Ground energy E
Variational Quantum Eigensolver
Optimization
QAOA Maxcut:
Demonstrate QEC
Flag qubits:
“Hybrid Quantum-Classical Computing Architectures,” Martin Suchara, Yuri
Alexeev, Frederic Chong, Hal Finkel, Henry Hoffmann, Jeffrey Larson,
James Osborn, and Graeme Smith
Simulate big quantum circuits with small quantum computers
Quantum compilation
H
H
H
def qft(circ, q, n):
"""n-qubit QFT on q in circ."""
for j in range(n):
for k in range(j):
circ.cu1(math.pi/float(2**(j-k)), q[j], q[k])
circ.h(q[j])
Quantum program
Rz Rz
Rz
Quantum circuit
Compiled!
Quantum gate synthesis
Example:
Layered approach to
quantum compilation
Reversible logic synthesis
Quantum circuit synthesis
Parallelism and commutativity
From logical gate to physical gate
Mapping
Quantum Control
Cavity Bloch sphere
Control pulse
amplitude
Time
Qubit state
Microwave
Quantum Control
Cavity Bloch sphere
Control pulse
amplitude
Time
Qubit state
Microwave
Quantum Control
Magnetic
field
GRAPE (GRadient Ascent Pulse Engineering)
Computational graphPulse shape update
GRAPE (GRadient Ascent Pulse Engineering)
Convergence Pulse shape
How to maximally utilize optimal control?
Break the 1- and 2-qubit ISA abstraction
Initial
Target
R( ) R( ) R( ) R( )Rz
Aggregated Instructions: an example
Aggregated Instructions: QAOA
3X shorter
Performance
Physical implementation: Transmon
LC circuit Pendulum
Physical implementation: Transmon
Transmon: quantized LC circuit Quantized Pendulum
Physical implementation: Transmon
Encoding a qubit in a cavity
● Long qubit lifetime
● Enable smart encoding
Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill code
Limited apps
Gates, registers
Noisy physical
implementation
High level language
Compiler
Classical control
Quantum computing
now
Better apps
Near-term goal
Better physical
implementation
User interface
Domain-specifc
Approach
...
Thank you!

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SW/HW co-design for near-term quantum computing