1) Marker assisted breeding is being used at IRRI to introgress major effect drought tolerance QTLs from donors into popular rice varieties like IR64 and Swarna.
2) Several introgression lines have been developed that contain up to 4 drought tolerance QTLs and yield well under drought with grain quality similar to the recipient parent.
3) The protocol for pyramiding QTLs involves foreground and background selection across multiple generations followed by phenotyping of selected lines.
Drought molecular breeding in rice, 19 november, 2012 swamyarjunmanju
This document discusses mapping and transferring QTLs for drought tolerance in rice. It begins by providing context on rice production, noting that 45% of rice is grown in rainfed areas with lower productivity. It then discusses strategies for developing drought tolerant rice varieties through conventional breeding and molecular approaches. Key points include using improved lines as donors, direct selection for grain yield under drought, identifying major drought yield QTLs, and introgressing QTLs into improved varieties. Several major effect QTLs for grain yield under drought are identified, including DTY1.1, DTY3.1, and DTY12.1. The consistency of these QTLs across backgrounds, ecosystems, and environments is discussed. The document
Developing drought resilient crops for improving productivity of drought pron...ICRISAT
1) Drought is a major limitation to crop productivity worldwide and climate change is expected to exacerbate water stress, so developing drought-resilient crops is critical.
2) Water stress during flowering and grain filling causes the most damage, drastically reducing yield through effects on grain number and size.
3) Breeding for drought tolerance focuses on selection environments, criteria, and methods including empirical selection and molecular breeding. Empirical breeding involves direct selection under drought stress while molecular breeding uses markers linked to drought resistance traits.
4) Integrating drought-tolerant landraces with high-yielding varieties through hybridization combines stress adaptation and productivity to develop resilient crops for drought-prone regions.
Drought stress Effects and Breeding StrategiesDr. Nimit Kumar
The document discusses the effects of drought stress on plants and breeding strategies to improve drought tolerance. It describes how drought stress reduces growth, photosynthesis, protein content, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake in plants. Drought stress also decreases chlorophyll content, total soluble sugars and carbohydrates. The document outlines different strategies plants use to cope with drought, including drought escape, dehydration avoidance, and dehydration tolerance. It emphasizes that drought stress is a major abiotic stress that reduces crop yields worldwide and discusses approaches plant breeders use to develop drought tolerant crop varieties.
Introgression breeding for rice submergence tolerance_geetanjaliDr. Geetanjali Baruah
Simplified way of applicability of introgression breeding for submergence tolerance in rice with special emphasis on physiology of submergence tolerance
Drought molecular breeding in rice, 19 november, 2012 swamyarjunmanju
This document discusses mapping and transferring QTLs for drought tolerance in rice. It begins by providing context on rice production, noting that 45% of rice is grown in rainfed areas with lower productivity. It then discusses strategies for developing drought tolerant rice varieties through conventional breeding and molecular approaches. Key points include using improved lines as donors, direct selection for grain yield under drought, identifying major drought yield QTLs, and introgressing QTLs into improved varieties. Several major effect QTLs for grain yield under drought are identified, including DTY1.1, DTY3.1, and DTY12.1. The consistency of these QTLs across backgrounds, ecosystems, and environments is discussed. The document
Developing drought resilient crops for improving productivity of drought pron...ICRISAT
1) Drought is a major limitation to crop productivity worldwide and climate change is expected to exacerbate water stress, so developing drought-resilient crops is critical.
2) Water stress during flowering and grain filling causes the most damage, drastically reducing yield through effects on grain number and size.
3) Breeding for drought tolerance focuses on selection environments, criteria, and methods including empirical selection and molecular breeding. Empirical breeding involves direct selection under drought stress while molecular breeding uses markers linked to drought resistance traits.
4) Integrating drought-tolerant landraces with high-yielding varieties through hybridization combines stress adaptation and productivity to develop resilient crops for drought-prone regions.
Drought stress Effects and Breeding StrategiesDr. Nimit Kumar
The document discusses the effects of drought stress on plants and breeding strategies to improve drought tolerance. It describes how drought stress reduces growth, photosynthesis, protein content, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake in plants. Drought stress also decreases chlorophyll content, total soluble sugars and carbohydrates. The document outlines different strategies plants use to cope with drought, including drought escape, dehydration avoidance, and dehydration tolerance. It emphasizes that drought stress is a major abiotic stress that reduces crop yields worldwide and discusses approaches plant breeders use to develop drought tolerant crop varieties.
Introgression breeding for rice submergence tolerance_geetanjaliDr. Geetanjali Baruah
Simplified way of applicability of introgression breeding for submergence tolerance in rice with special emphasis on physiology of submergence tolerance
This document summarizes rice research from the GCP General Research Meeting in September 2013. It outlines rice products in development, including genomic resources, germplasm, and markers for molecular breeding. 59 total products are cataloged across categories like improved varieties, genetic stocks, and drought/salinity tolerance QTLs. Ongoing work was discussed to complete the product catalogue, provide detailed descriptions, and ensure sustainable access. Data management strategies and timelines for forthcoming datasets from projects were reviewed. Prospects for ongoing projects through 2014 and potential future support were examined, along with homework around further documenting products and outlining financial or institutional support needs.
Revitalizing Marginal Lands: Discovery of Genes for Tolerance of Saline and P-Deficient Soils to Enhance and Sustain Productivity
Ismael Abdelbagi, IRRI
GCP Project G3005.02: Progress and expected impacts of Saltol and Pup1 QTLs on rice improvement
6th Asian Crop Science Association Conference and the 2nd International Conference on Rice for the Future, organised by BioAsia in Bangkok, Thailand
November 2007
The document describes research using the ORYZA rice model to evaluate irrigation management strategies that optimize rice production in salt-affected areas of Bangladesh. The model was calibrated and validated using field experiments with different irrigation water quality treatments. Model results showed that alternating between fresh and saline water irrigation every 2 weeks maintained soil salinity similar to fresh water and led to higher yields than saline water alone. The model accurately simulated the effects of salinity on rice biomass and yield. Overall, the research identified irrigation strategies to improve rice productivity in salt-affected soils using a validated rice model.
This project aimed to develop drought tolerant maize lines for Asia using Marker Assisted Recurrent Selection (MARS) and genome-wide selection (GWS). Yellow drought tolerant inbred lines were produced from bi-parental crosses between CIMMYT-Asia lines and African drought tolerant donors. Multiple cycles of selection resulted in 50-100% higher genetic gains for grain yield under drought compared to phenotype-only selection. The project provided training in maize breeding, phenotyping, and molecular breeding techniques. Challenges included delays in genotypic data and germplasm exchange. Future work could evaluate populations based on observed heterosis rather than extrapolated data.
This document summarizes genetic and genomic resources for potato and sweet potato. It describes 22,000 ESTs and 1,500 gene sequences that have been generated for sweet potato. A composite genotype set of 480 sweet potato accessions has been established representing biodiversity and traits like high beta-carotene, starch, and resistance to nematodes, viruses and drought. The document also discusses drought tolerance research in potato, identifying physiological traits in tolerant varieties and developing a candidate gene list and markers for breeding.
The document discusses breeding strategies for several key crops in Ethiopia in light of climate change, including sorghum, banana, and bean. For sorghum, areas of high current suitability are noted, along with two main climatic constraints. Suitability is projected to decrease in several regions by 2030. Adaptation strategies discussed include delayed sowing and crop substitution. For banana, areas of positive and negative suitability impacts are predicted for the future. Developing more drought and temperature tolerant hybrids is suggested. Beans suitability may decrease 6.6% by 2020, but breeding for drought resistance and heat tolerance could significantly increase suitable areas. Adaptation to drought and heat stress, and developing disease resistant varieties are discussed
Effect of heat and drought stress in pigeonpea on the expression of resistanc...ICRISAT
Global warming and climate change will trigger major changes in herbivore plant interactions and efficacy of crop protection technologies (Sharma, 2014). • Chemical composition of plants will change in direct response to global warming and climate change, affecting plant damage and growth and development of insect pests. We studied the effect of heat and water stress on expression of resistance to pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera in pigeonpea.
Effect of salinity on seedling growth in early vegetative phase of riceSohel Rana
The aim of this investigation was to analyze genotypic variations of salt tolerance of rice varieties at germination and seedling growth of early vegetative phase of rice.
This document outlines research conducted on identifying major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for grain yield under drought stress in rice. Fourteen QTLs were identified that showed effects in different genetic backgrounds and ecosystems. Marker-assisted backcrossing was used to introgress QTLs into popular rice varieties like Swarna, IR64, Sambha Mahsuri, and Vandna. Introgression lines of IR64 and Vandna containing QTLs showed yield increases of up to 155% compared to the original varieties under drought conditions in India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. The research aims to develop and disseminate drought-tolerant rice varieties with these QTLs to increase yields for farmers.
Presentation by Rona Azucena on behalf of Dr. Abdelbagi M. Ismail (International Rice Research Institute) at the Global Forum for Innovations in Agriculture (GFIA), February 4, 2014
This document summarizes the status of different MAGIC (Multi-parent Advanced Generation Inter-Cross) rice populations including Indica MAGIC, Japonica MAGIC, MAGIC Global, and MAGIC Plus. It discusses genome-wide association studies conducted on these populations that have identified loci associated with traits like submergence tolerance, amylose content, and disease resistance. Multi-environment trials of different MAGIC populations are ongoing in several countries. The document outlines future work including continued phenotyping, quantitative trait loci mapping, and distribution of MAGIC lines to breeding programs.
This seminar discussed molecular studies and breeding approaches for developing salt tolerance in rice. Salt tolerance is polygenic and several genes for tolerance have been identified. The seminar covered definitions of saline and sodic soils, objectives of developing salt tolerance, physiological and morphological effects of salt stress, conventional and molecular breeding methods used, and progress made in identifying quantitative trait loci and genes related to tolerance. Marker-assisted selection and genetic transformation techniques are being used in molecular breeding to develop elite salt tolerant rice varieties for release.
R.K. Singh .Breeding for salt tolerance in riceFOODCROPS
The document outlines a lecture on breeding for salt tolerance in rice. It discusses the extent of salt-affected soils globally and in Asia. It describes different types of salt stresses and complexities in breeding for tolerance. The key mechanisms of salt tolerance in plants include ion exclusion, tissue tolerance, and compartmentalization. Screening techniques are described for evaluating tolerance at seedling and adult plant stages. Breeding strategies aim to pyramid tolerance mechanisms by intermating donors with different predominant mechanisms.
Development of First Multiparent Advanced Generation Inter-cross (MAGIC) Popu...ICRISAT
Pigeonpea is an important legume crop and molecular breeding can help improve it faster than conventional methods. Researchers are developing a multiparent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) population for pigeonpea using 8 parental lines. As a first step, 28 two-way crosses were made between parental lines. Whole genome resequencing of parental lines is underway to identify SNPs for mapping traits in the MAGIC population, which will be generated through eight-way crosses and advanced by selfing.
MAGIC :Multiparent advanced generation intercross and QTL discovery Senthil Natesan
MAGIC or multiparent advanced generation inter-crosses is an experimental method that increases the precision with which genetic markers are linked to quantitative trait loci (QTL). This method was first introduced by (Mott et al., 2000) in animals as an extension of the advanced intercrossing (AIC) approach suggested by (Darvasi and Soller , 1995)for fine mapping multiple QTLs for multiple traits. Advanced Intercrossed Lines (AILs) are generated by randomly and sequentially intercrossing a population initially originating from a cross between two inbred lines.
MAGIC involves multiple parents, called founder lines, rather than bi-parental control. AILs increase the recombination events in small chromosomal regions for the purpose of fine mapping. These lines are then cycled through multiple generations of outcrossing. Each generation of random mating reduces the extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD), allowing the QTL to be mapped more accurately.
Salinity tolerance and breeding strategies on soybeanBishnu Adhikari
This document provides an overview of salinity tolerance and breeding strategies for soybeans. It discusses the physiological effects of salt stress on crops, outlines important salt tolerance genes that have been mapped in soybean, and describes the salinity conditions in South Korea where soybean breeding is focused. The document then details breeding strategies used for developing salt tolerant soybean varieties, including conventional breeding methods like hybridization, backcrossing, and multi-location trials, as well as molecular breeding techniques like marker-assisted selection. The goal is to develop soybean varieties that can be grown successfully on reclaimed tidal lands in South Korea affected by soil salinity.
Heat stress can damage plant growth and development by disrupting key processes like photosynthesis, membrane integrity, and protein function. Plants have developed several responses to heat stress including:
1) Producing heat shock proteins and antioxidants to protect cellular functions from heat damage.
2) Altering their morphology, anatomy, and phenology like earlier flowering to reduce heat exposure during sensitive periods.
3) Adjusting physiological processes like accumulating osmolytes to maintain water relations and membrane stability under heat stress.
4) Modulating hormones like ABA and ethylene that help regulate stress responses and signaling. Understanding these adaptation mechanisms can help improve crop heat tolerance through breeding.
The quality traits of the IR64 introgression lines were comparable to IR64. The introgression lines maintained the grain type, milling quality and cooking quality characteristics of IR64 while showing improved yield under drought stress. This demonstrates the potential to improve drought tolerance in popular rice varieties through marker-assisted backcrossing and introgression of major drought yield QTLs.
This document discusses marker-assisted breeding for drought tolerance in rice. It summarizes two projects focused on developing drought tolerant rice varieties for India using quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and marker-assisted selection. It then outlines the limitations of major drought yield QTLs and lessons learned from introgressing QTLs like DTY12.1 into improved rice varieties to enhance drought tolerance.
This document summarizes rice research from the GCP General Research Meeting in September 2013. It outlines rice products in development, including genomic resources, germplasm, and markers for molecular breeding. 59 total products are cataloged across categories like improved varieties, genetic stocks, and drought/salinity tolerance QTLs. Ongoing work was discussed to complete the product catalogue, provide detailed descriptions, and ensure sustainable access. Data management strategies and timelines for forthcoming datasets from projects were reviewed. Prospects for ongoing projects through 2014 and potential future support were examined, along with homework around further documenting products and outlining financial or institutional support needs.
Revitalizing Marginal Lands: Discovery of Genes for Tolerance of Saline and P-Deficient Soils to Enhance and Sustain Productivity
Ismael Abdelbagi, IRRI
GCP Project G3005.02: Progress and expected impacts of Saltol and Pup1 QTLs on rice improvement
6th Asian Crop Science Association Conference and the 2nd International Conference on Rice for the Future, organised by BioAsia in Bangkok, Thailand
November 2007
The document describes research using the ORYZA rice model to evaluate irrigation management strategies that optimize rice production in salt-affected areas of Bangladesh. The model was calibrated and validated using field experiments with different irrigation water quality treatments. Model results showed that alternating between fresh and saline water irrigation every 2 weeks maintained soil salinity similar to fresh water and led to higher yields than saline water alone. The model accurately simulated the effects of salinity on rice biomass and yield. Overall, the research identified irrigation strategies to improve rice productivity in salt-affected soils using a validated rice model.
This project aimed to develop drought tolerant maize lines for Asia using Marker Assisted Recurrent Selection (MARS) and genome-wide selection (GWS). Yellow drought tolerant inbred lines were produced from bi-parental crosses between CIMMYT-Asia lines and African drought tolerant donors. Multiple cycles of selection resulted in 50-100% higher genetic gains for grain yield under drought compared to phenotype-only selection. The project provided training in maize breeding, phenotyping, and molecular breeding techniques. Challenges included delays in genotypic data and germplasm exchange. Future work could evaluate populations based on observed heterosis rather than extrapolated data.
This document summarizes genetic and genomic resources for potato and sweet potato. It describes 22,000 ESTs and 1,500 gene sequences that have been generated for sweet potato. A composite genotype set of 480 sweet potato accessions has been established representing biodiversity and traits like high beta-carotene, starch, and resistance to nematodes, viruses and drought. The document also discusses drought tolerance research in potato, identifying physiological traits in tolerant varieties and developing a candidate gene list and markers for breeding.
The document discusses breeding strategies for several key crops in Ethiopia in light of climate change, including sorghum, banana, and bean. For sorghum, areas of high current suitability are noted, along with two main climatic constraints. Suitability is projected to decrease in several regions by 2030. Adaptation strategies discussed include delayed sowing and crop substitution. For banana, areas of positive and negative suitability impacts are predicted for the future. Developing more drought and temperature tolerant hybrids is suggested. Beans suitability may decrease 6.6% by 2020, but breeding for drought resistance and heat tolerance could significantly increase suitable areas. Adaptation to drought and heat stress, and developing disease resistant varieties are discussed
Effect of heat and drought stress in pigeonpea on the expression of resistanc...ICRISAT
Global warming and climate change will trigger major changes in herbivore plant interactions and efficacy of crop protection technologies (Sharma, 2014). • Chemical composition of plants will change in direct response to global warming and climate change, affecting plant damage and growth and development of insect pests. We studied the effect of heat and water stress on expression of resistance to pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera in pigeonpea.
Effect of salinity on seedling growth in early vegetative phase of riceSohel Rana
The aim of this investigation was to analyze genotypic variations of salt tolerance of rice varieties at germination and seedling growth of early vegetative phase of rice.
This document outlines research conducted on identifying major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for grain yield under drought stress in rice. Fourteen QTLs were identified that showed effects in different genetic backgrounds and ecosystems. Marker-assisted backcrossing was used to introgress QTLs into popular rice varieties like Swarna, IR64, Sambha Mahsuri, and Vandna. Introgression lines of IR64 and Vandna containing QTLs showed yield increases of up to 155% compared to the original varieties under drought conditions in India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. The research aims to develop and disseminate drought-tolerant rice varieties with these QTLs to increase yields for farmers.
Presentation by Rona Azucena on behalf of Dr. Abdelbagi M. Ismail (International Rice Research Institute) at the Global Forum for Innovations in Agriculture (GFIA), February 4, 2014
This document summarizes the status of different MAGIC (Multi-parent Advanced Generation Inter-Cross) rice populations including Indica MAGIC, Japonica MAGIC, MAGIC Global, and MAGIC Plus. It discusses genome-wide association studies conducted on these populations that have identified loci associated with traits like submergence tolerance, amylose content, and disease resistance. Multi-environment trials of different MAGIC populations are ongoing in several countries. The document outlines future work including continued phenotyping, quantitative trait loci mapping, and distribution of MAGIC lines to breeding programs.
This seminar discussed molecular studies and breeding approaches for developing salt tolerance in rice. Salt tolerance is polygenic and several genes for tolerance have been identified. The seminar covered definitions of saline and sodic soils, objectives of developing salt tolerance, physiological and morphological effects of salt stress, conventional and molecular breeding methods used, and progress made in identifying quantitative trait loci and genes related to tolerance. Marker-assisted selection and genetic transformation techniques are being used in molecular breeding to develop elite salt tolerant rice varieties for release.
R.K. Singh .Breeding for salt tolerance in riceFOODCROPS
The document outlines a lecture on breeding for salt tolerance in rice. It discusses the extent of salt-affected soils globally and in Asia. It describes different types of salt stresses and complexities in breeding for tolerance. The key mechanisms of salt tolerance in plants include ion exclusion, tissue tolerance, and compartmentalization. Screening techniques are described for evaluating tolerance at seedling and adult plant stages. Breeding strategies aim to pyramid tolerance mechanisms by intermating donors with different predominant mechanisms.
Development of First Multiparent Advanced Generation Inter-cross (MAGIC) Popu...ICRISAT
Pigeonpea is an important legume crop and molecular breeding can help improve it faster than conventional methods. Researchers are developing a multiparent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) population for pigeonpea using 8 parental lines. As a first step, 28 two-way crosses were made between parental lines. Whole genome resequencing of parental lines is underway to identify SNPs for mapping traits in the MAGIC population, which will be generated through eight-way crosses and advanced by selfing.
MAGIC :Multiparent advanced generation intercross and QTL discovery Senthil Natesan
MAGIC or multiparent advanced generation inter-crosses is an experimental method that increases the precision with which genetic markers are linked to quantitative trait loci (QTL). This method was first introduced by (Mott et al., 2000) in animals as an extension of the advanced intercrossing (AIC) approach suggested by (Darvasi and Soller , 1995)for fine mapping multiple QTLs for multiple traits. Advanced Intercrossed Lines (AILs) are generated by randomly and sequentially intercrossing a population initially originating from a cross between two inbred lines.
MAGIC involves multiple parents, called founder lines, rather than bi-parental control. AILs increase the recombination events in small chromosomal regions for the purpose of fine mapping. These lines are then cycled through multiple generations of outcrossing. Each generation of random mating reduces the extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD), allowing the QTL to be mapped more accurately.
Salinity tolerance and breeding strategies on soybeanBishnu Adhikari
This document provides an overview of salinity tolerance and breeding strategies for soybeans. It discusses the physiological effects of salt stress on crops, outlines important salt tolerance genes that have been mapped in soybean, and describes the salinity conditions in South Korea where soybean breeding is focused. The document then details breeding strategies used for developing salt tolerant soybean varieties, including conventional breeding methods like hybridization, backcrossing, and multi-location trials, as well as molecular breeding techniques like marker-assisted selection. The goal is to develop soybean varieties that can be grown successfully on reclaimed tidal lands in South Korea affected by soil salinity.
Heat stress can damage plant growth and development by disrupting key processes like photosynthesis, membrane integrity, and protein function. Plants have developed several responses to heat stress including:
1) Producing heat shock proteins and antioxidants to protect cellular functions from heat damage.
2) Altering their morphology, anatomy, and phenology like earlier flowering to reduce heat exposure during sensitive periods.
3) Adjusting physiological processes like accumulating osmolytes to maintain water relations and membrane stability under heat stress.
4) Modulating hormones like ABA and ethylene that help regulate stress responses and signaling. Understanding these adaptation mechanisms can help improve crop heat tolerance through breeding.
The quality traits of the IR64 introgression lines were comparable to IR64. The introgression lines maintained the grain type, milling quality and cooking quality characteristics of IR64 while showing improved yield under drought stress. This demonstrates the potential to improve drought tolerance in popular rice varieties through marker-assisted backcrossing and introgression of major drought yield QTLs.
This document discusses marker-assisted breeding for drought tolerance in rice. It summarizes two projects focused on developing drought tolerant rice varieties for India using quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and marker-assisted selection. It then outlines the limitations of major drought yield QTLs and lessons learned from introgressing QTLs like DTY12.1 into improved rice varieties to enhance drought tolerance.
This document summarizes the research projects within WP1 investigating the impacts of energy crops on biodiversity and ecosystem services. The research aims to quantify the effects of novel energy crops like Miscanthus on biodiversity, examine relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem services, and assess impacts of intensive versus extensive energy crop farming. Studies are examining impacts on pollinators, natural enemies, and arable plants across different crop types and landscape scales. Results can inform policy on optimizing bioenergy crop composition and landscape diversity.
Division seminar august 1,2012 prashant vikramPrashant Vikram
The document summarizes research on identifying consistent quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for grain yield under drought stress in rice. It describes phenotyping populations of rice under reproductive stage drought stress and genotyping them to identify QTLs. A major QTL, qDTY1.1, was found to increase grain yield by 16-29% in multiple genetic backgrounds. Further research eliminated linkage drag at this QTL locus to develop introgression lines with improved drought tolerance but limited yield penalties under non-stress conditions. Background analysis found that qDTY1.1 alleles from drought tolerant varieties N22 and Dhagaddeshi were similar and distinct from susceptible varieties. Overall, the research aimed to identify stable Q
Presentation of Richard Murphy for the Workshop on Hydrolysis Route for Cellulosic Ethanol from Sugarcane.
Apresentação de Richard Murphy realizada no "Workshop on Hydrolysis Route for Cellulosic Ethanol from Sugarcane"
Date / Data : February 10 - 11th 2009/
10 e 11 de fevereiro de 2009
Place / Local: Unicamp, Campinas, Brazil
Event Website / Website do evento: http://www.bioetanol.org.br/workshop1
The IIAM-CIAT project aims to help Mozambique build resilience to climate change impacts through analyzing climate data and modeling crop responses. Mozambique is highly vulnerable to climate hazards like cyclones and droughts. The project will analyze climate trends, identify adaptation options, and make recommendations. Global climate models provide the best available climate projections but have coarse resolution, uncertainties, and limited availability of data. Downscaling methods can increase resolution and uniformity of climate projections to better inform adaptation planning.
Economic importance of different maize storage structures in kenyapchenevixtrench
This document summarizes a study on maize storage structures in Kenya. [1] Farmers store the majority of maize in Kenya, followed by traders and the National Cereals and Produce Board. [2] The Rift Valley province stores the most maize compared to other regions. [3] The study evaluated different long-term and short-term storage structures used by farmers in various agro-ecological zones and their economic importance for safeguarding maize.
Use of tissue culture techniques in a seed releases programs of whiteflies an...CIAT
1) The project used tissue culture techniques to develop cassava varieties resistant to whiteflies and Frog Skin Disease for farmers in Cauca, Colombia.
2) Several resistant varieties were tested on farmer fields, with CM2772-3 and MPer183 showing good tolerance.
3) The project established a local seed bank managed by AMUC to sustainably supply clean planting materials to farmers through a participation release program.
" Developing rice varieties with enhanced adaptation to lowland farming syste...ExternalEvents
" Developing rice varieties with enhanced adaptation to
lowland farming systems: Case studies from South Asia " presentation by Abdelbagi Ismail, International Rice Research Institute, Los ernational Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, The Philippines Baños, The Philippines
The document summarizes PRADAN's experience promoting System of Rice Intensification (SRI) technology with small and marginal farmers in Chhattisgarh, India. [1] In the 2011-2012 period, the project worked with 13 NGOs across 11 districts to train over 10,000 farmers on SRI techniques. [2] On average, SRI fields saw a yield increase to 6.46 metric tons per hectare compared to traditional yields of 2.1 metric tons. [3] This doubling of productivity helps ensure food security for participant families for 8-9 months of the year rather than just 3-6 months previously.
This document discusses cassava agronomy research being conducted by IITA. It notes that cassava yields in Africa are typically much lower than potential yields, due to factors like soil degradation, lack of suitable fertilizer recommendations, and insufficient knowledge of crop responses. IITA is working on projects like the African Cassava Agronomy Initiative to develop improved agronomic practices. On-farm trials are focusing on optimizing fertilizer use, weed management, and intercropping practices to increase cassava productivity for smallholder farmers in Africa. The results will provide site-specific recommendations to boost yields and food security.
This document discusses cassava agronomy research being conducted by IITA. It notes that cassava yields in Africa are typically much lower than potential yields, due to factors like soil degradation, lack of fertilizer recommendations, and insufficient knowledge of optimal planting and intercropping practices. IITA is working on various projects to develop improved agronomic techniques for cassava through on-farm trials evaluating the effects of fertilizers, plant spacing, variety selection, and intercropping. The goal is to close the gap between current and potential yields for this important crop in Africa.
This document summarizes updates from the 2010 PABRA SC meeting in South Africa.
1. The PABRA framework involves 11 member countries in southern Africa collaborating on bean research.
2. Key outcomes of the meeting included developing bean varieties resistant to environmental stresses and increasing nutrient-rich varieties to improve nutrition.
3. Activities involved identifying sources of stress resistance, distributing germplasm, developing integrated soil and pest management options, and breeding beans with higher iron and zinc content.
The Sustainable Rivers Audit (SRA) is a long-term monitoring program that assesses the health of riverine ecosystems in the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB). It provides transparent, repeatable assessments of themes like fish, macroinvertebrates, and hydrology. The SRA partnership involves experts from various jurisdictions who conduct sampling, analysis, and independent auditing. SRA reports provide ratings of ecosystem health for different valleys and allow comparison to reference conditions. SRA data and reports help inform management of water resources under the Basin Plan.
Phenotypic and genetic dissection of water stress adaptations in pearl millet...ICRISAT
Crop yield is a consequence of several plant biological functions and its interactions with environment. Here we focus on some of basic plant functions related to i) water-use ii) canopy development and iii) agronomic traits and investigate on the relationship of these traits for crop production in different water-stress scenarios using the QTL co-localization approach.
This document analyzes livestock production systems and socioeconomic data related to animal agriculture in Tanzania. It identifies four main livestock production categories and maps their distribution across the country. Mixed crop-livestock systems cover over 50% of Tanzania's land. Poverty levels are high, with over 85% of the population living below $2 per day. Market access and consumption vary significantly between production systems, with pastoral areas having lower population densities, consumption, and access to markets. The document provides detailed data on population, poverty, consumption, and livestock distributions to inform planning and analysis of Tanzania's livestock sector.
Current Research on Nano Urea – Problems & ProspectusAkshay Duddumpudi
The world with a huge increasing population and simultaneous degradation of land by various means is facing a huge hazard in the field of agriculture. The new technology to increase the use efficiency of input is the need of the hour to meet the demand of the huge population. Nano urea is a sustainable option for farmers towards smart agriculture. Nano urea is gaining importance in Indian agriculture in increase nutrient use efficiency, increasing crop yields, and reducing excessive use of synthetic fertilizers (Dutta et al., 2021). The quantity of synthetic urea being applied by the farmers to supply nitrogen for the crops can be successfully reduced to 50% by using nano urea. When compared to bulky nitrogenous fertilisers like urea, nano urea is required in small quantities and also easy to store and transport. Farmers can easily carry bottles of nano urea over bulkier urea bags, which have a substantial influence on relative logistics and warehousing costs (Meena and Verma, 2022). Although nano urea have a great advantage, there are considerable limitations to focus. They include lack of better production facilities and risk management system. It is not recommended as basal dose, only foliar spray due to which spraying cost is more than top dressing /broadcasting cost. Mentality/perception of farmers towards new technologies also play a major role. The government’s policies and support for nano fertilizers will alter Indian agriculture and contribute to its long-term viability. This seminar will help us to understand about nano urea, its significance and problems in usage. Being a country of agriculture background, it is our duty to strengthen the spine of our agriculture technologies. Thus technology like nano urea which could increase the production without compromising crop yield, environment aspects etc. should be welcomed by the agriculture community. Despite aiding in sustainable crop production, limitations of nano urea should be carefully considered.
Pigeonpea is an ideal crop for sustainable agriculture as it provides food, feed, fuelwood, fodder, and acts as a bio-fertilizer through nutrient recycling. It is drought tolerant and performs well in low fertility soils. The document summarizes progress on various pigeonpea projects in Asia and Eastern and Southern Africa, highlighting farmer preferred varieties identified, drought tolerance screening results, disease resistance breeding efforts, capacity building activities, and development of hybrids for higher yield. It concludes with visions for expanding the area under pigeonpea production through introduction in new agro-climatic zones and exploitation of genetic resources from wild species.
Abiotic and biotic constraints have widespread yield reducing effects on maize and should receive high priority for maize breeding research. Molecular Breeding offers opportunities for plant breeders to develop cultivars with resilience to such stresses with precision and in less time duration. Recent advances in maize breeding research have made it possible to identify and map precisely many genes associated with DNA markers which include genes governing resistance to biotic stresses and genes responsible for tolerance to abiotic stresses.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
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This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
1. Molecular Breeding for Improving
Drought Tolerance in Rice Mega
Varieties: Progress at IRRI
21FCSSP, Scientific Conference
May 9-14, 2011
B.P. Mallikarjuna Swamy
2. “I challenge the next generation to use
new scientific tools and techniques to
address the problems that plague the
world’s poor.”
Dr. Norman Borlaug
Combination of Breeding
and Biotechnology
hastens the process of
development of
Commercial Products
Marker based technology is successfully being
used in plant breeding to address the complex
problems
3. “Drought” may mean physical water scarcity
constrains growth or development
process affects the normal crop management
practices
Donor Yield Yield 7000
Stress Non-
Yield of cultivar (kg ha-1)
6000
stress
5000
kg ha-1
4000
MTU1001 312 5825
3000
Madhuri line 9 312 4957
Nidhi 356 4963 2000
IR64 278 4685 1000
Mahamaya 318 4344 0
Severe Moderate Control
Swarna 312 5822
stress level
Mahamaya
Sambha Mahsuri
Marker Assisted Breeding is more precise, cost effective and time
saving technology to address the complex problem of drought
4. Drought at which stage?
• Drought can appear at any
stage of the rice crop- seedling,
vegetative, reproductive;
• One at reproductive stage is
highly damaging, highly
prevalent
57 64 69 73 78 85 90 95 Control
Lafitte, unpublished
O’Toole 1982
5. What new now that can make difference?
Earlier At present
Secondary trait based Selection for grain yield itself
selection Combine yield potential with drought
tolerance
Traditional donors Improved donors with good combining
ability
Variable phenotyping Standardized phenotyping
65-85% yield reduction
Secondary traits QTLs Yield QTLs
Advanced tools for MB not in Advanced MB tools available
hand
Advance generations testing Early generations testing under drought
under drought
Less drought occurrence-less Water scarcity realized- efforts enhanced
sincere efforts
Less Funding, commitment Increased funding and commitment
6. Drought molecular Breeding at IRRI:
Strategy
• Use traditional/wild donors in mapping populations
• Identify major drought yield QTLs
• Validation of major effect QTLs
genetic backgrounds
environments
meta analysis
comparative genomics
• Introgression of QTLs in improved drought susceptible varieties
• Physiological and molecular mechanism of drought QTLs
aim is to produce more crop per drop of water
8. DTY1.1:First consensus major QTL
N I H L N M H L
RM431
GY
RM212825 RM315 RM11943
RM431 RM104
Prashant Vikram, Krishna Ghimire, Leni Quiatchon, IRRI
9. How real are DTY? DTY QTLs % of lines
Testing QTLs in a panel of DTY1.1 64
90 tolerant lines DTY2.1 49
DTY3.1 77
Meta-QTL analysis DTY8.1 52
DTY12.1 85
Chr region Mean Initial MQTL MQTL
MQTL
PV CI (cM) (cM) (Mb)
MQTL1.1 1 RG109–RM431 12 7.60 2.40 0.36
MQTL2.1 2 RM452–RM521 12 10.50 5.28 1.24
MQTL2.2 2 RM526–RM497 6 12.00 11.50 2.36
MQTL3.2 3 RM520– M16030 20 10.30 3.40 0.98
MQTL10.2 10 RM596–RM304 16 15.00 23.72 2.60
MQTL12.1 12 RM277–RM260 28 4.20 1.79 0.70
M. Swamy et al. 2011)
10. Synteny and comparative map of QTLs in
rice and maize
DTY1.1 region in rice – Maize 3, wheat 4B, barley 6H
DTY3.1 region in rice – Maize 1
M. Swamy et al. 2011
12. Protocol for pyramiding major effect QTLs
Generation No. of seeds/Plants Genotyping Cross
Selection of - Fore ground selection Make crosses between
parents QTL1.1 – M1, M2, M3 ( DA1) plants with QTL1.1 and
QTL1.2 – M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9 (DA2) QTL1.2
F1 (Two QTLs) 50 confirm F1 Make crosses between
•QTL1.1 - M1, M2, M3 ( DA1) plants having QTL1.1 and
• QTL1.2 – M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9 (DA2) QTL1.2 with plants having
•Select plants with QTL QTL 1.3
F1 (Three QTLs) 100 confirm F1 Cross F1 plants with three
•QTL1.1 - M1, M2, M3 ( DA1) QTLs to recipient parent
•QTL1.2 – M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9 (DA2) (RP)
•QTL1.3 - M10, M11, M12, M13, M14 (DA3)
•Select plants with all the QTLs (QTL1.1, QTL1.2, QTL1.3)
BC1F1 500 confirm BC1F1 Cross BC1F1 with three
•QTL1.1 - M1, M2, M3 ( DA1) QTLs to RP
•QTL1.2 – M4, M5, M6, M7,M8,M9 (DA2)
•QTL1.3 - M10, M11, M12, M13, M14 (DA3)
•Select plants with all the three QTLs
•Back ground selection using 100 SSR markers uniformly distributed on all the
chromosomes in selected plants
BC2F1 1000 confirm BC2F1 Self the selected plants
•QTL1.1 - M1, M2, M3 ( DA1)
•QTL1.2 – M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9 (DA2)
•QTL1.3 - M10, M11, M12, M13, M14 (DA3)
•Select plants with all the three QTLs
•Back ground selection for segregating SSR markers in selected plants
BC2F2 2000 confirm F2 Select the plants with
•QTL1.1 - M1, M2, M3 ( DA1) all the three QTLs , RP
flanking and more recipient
•QTL1.2 – M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9 (DA2)
background
•QTL1.3 - M10, M11, M12, M13, M14 (DA3) Advance the lines
•Select plants with all the three QTLs in homozygous condition
•Back ground selection for segregating SSR markers in selected plants
•Check for QTL flanking markers (RA)
•Select the plants with QTLs in homozygous condition, flanks with recipient
13. Improved IR64 introgression lines
Line GS
QTLs GY Drought GY Control (%)
DS09 DS10 DS09 WS10
IR 87729-69-B-B-B DTY9.1, DTY2.1, DTY10.1,
DTY4.1 2006 2011 6936 4627 94.4
IR 87728-102-B-B DTY9.1, DTY10.1,DTY4.1 2440 1160 6059 5462 92.9
IR 87707-186-B-B-B DTY2.1, DTY10.1,DTY4.1 3200 2068 6289 6737 96.9
IR 87707-446-B-B-B DTY2.1, DTY4.1 3624 2556 6005 6076 97.0
IR 87707-445-B-B-B DTY2.1, DTY4.1 3639 2555 8006 5565 96.9
IR 87707-118-B-B-B DTY2.1, DTY4.1 3264 2273 6096 4617 95.8
IR 87705-21-13-B DTY2.1 2223 4785 6231 95.8
IR 87705-6-8-B DTY4.1 2152 5399 5576 95.5
IR 87728-395-B-B DTY9.1 1122 5500 5457 93.4
IR 87705-36-3-B DTY10.1 2062 5052 7211 95.3
IR64 567 636 4151 5811
M. Swamy, IRRI
14. Quality traits of IR64 introgression
lines
LINES QTLs DTF PH AC GT MP CS
IR 87729-69-B-B-B DTY9.1, DTY2.1, DTY10.1,
DTY4.1 86 98 20.7 I 1 1
IR 87728-102-B-B DTY9.1, DTY10.1,DTY4.1 86 101 20.1 I 1 1
IR 87707-186-B-B-B DTY2.1, DTY10.1,DTY4.1 82 107 21.6 I 2 1
IR 87707-446-B-B-B DTY2.1, DTY4.1 81 106 22.2 I 1 1
IR 87707-445-B-B-B DTY2.1, DTY4.1 83 111 22.3 I 1 1
IR 87707-118-B-B-B DTY2.1, DTY4.1 83 108 20.7 I 1 1
IR 87705-21-13-B DTY2.1 82 86 21 I 2 1
IR 87705-6-8-B DTY4.1 80 85 21 I/L 2 1
IR 87728-395-B-B DTY9.1 86 100 20.2 I 1 2
IR 87705-36-3-B DTY10.1 87 84 20.3 I 1 1
IR64 82 105 21.8 I/L 1 1
M. Swamy, IRRI
15. IR 64 introgression lines with DTY QTLs
+ QTL - QTL
IR64 IR64+DTY QTLs
Parents- 2007 Introgressions under drought- 2010
DTY IR 64
introgressed line
Similar to IR64 grain quality traits of Product - 2011
introgressed lines
18. Introgression of DTY3.1 and DTY2.1 in Swarna
IR81896-B-195 X Swarna Fore ground selection for QTLs
Background selection
(BC1 line with QTLs)
BC2 X Swarna Fore ground selection with segregating markers
Background
selection for QTLs and Sub1 locus
Fore ground selection for QTLs and Sub1 locus
BC3 X Swarna Background selection with segregating markers
Fore ground selection for QTLs and Sub1 locus
BC4F 1
Background selection with segregating markers
Selected plants selfed
Select homozygote's for QTLs and Sub1 locus
Background selection with segregating markers
BC4F2
Selected BC4F3 plants will be phenotyped under drought
19. DTY3.1, DTY2.1 in Swarna, Swarna sub1
Swarna lLs
(DTY +Sub1)
Swarna
M. Swamy, IRRI
20. DTY1.1, DTY3.1, DTY2.1 in Swarna, Swarna sub1
BC4F1 Swarna lines (three QTLs +Sub1)
*2 in 1 rice for drought and submergence prone areas
21. Development of improved Vandana with DTY12.1
Grain yield (Kgha-1)
%
Lines Generation DTF PHT
USS UMS UNS BG
A
IR 84984-83-15-110-B BC2F2:4 299 1514 4855 54 124 92.4
IR 84984-83-15-481-B BC2F2:4 175 1300 4196 55 120 94.1
IR 84984-83-15-862-B BC2F2:4 238 1114 4018 58 121 94.1
Vandana 72 825 3556 54 120
Way Rarem 11 212 1610 81 122
B IR 90019:17-156-B BC3F2:3 522 1487 4712 61 106 98.3
IR 90019:17-159-B BC3F2:3 461 1930 5236 62 103 97.5
IR 90019:17-15-B BC3F2:3 565 2341 4534 65 107 98.3
IR 90020:22-265-B BC3F2:3 446 2090 4233 60 115 96.6
IR 90020:22-283-B BC3F2:3 415 1224 5950 58 100 94.9
Vandana 179 1049 4061 56 104
Way Rarem 0.1 500 2878 81 103
Dixit, Shalabh, IRRI
22. Differences in grain type of donor parent (Way Rarem), Recipient parent (Vandana), NIL (IR90019:17-
156-B) and pre NIL (IR90019:17-15-B)
23.
24. Partners
Bangladesh Philippines – PhilRice
BRRI, Gazipur Laos – NAFRI
RRS, Rajshahi Mozambique-IIAM, Chokwe
Tanzania –DASRC, Morogoro
India
Malaysia – UKM and MARDI
AAU, Anand RDA, Korea
BAU, Ranchi
BF, Hyderabad
CRRI, Cuttack
CRURRS, Hazaribag
DRR, Hyderabad
ICAR-NEH, Tripura Donors
IGAU, Raipur Rockefeller Foundation
JNKVV, Jabalpur Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
NDUAT, Faizabad
OUAT, Bhubaneshwar Generation Challenge program
TNAU, Coimbatore Asian Development Bank
UAS, Bangalore
Devgen
Nepal RDA, Korea
BMZ, Germany
NRRP, Hardinath
RARS, Nepalganj Univ. Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi
RARS, Tarharra MARDI, Malaysia