Drought tolerance genes and traits/Gene Index and markers
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Seminar - Roland Schafleitner - July 23, 2010
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Drought tolerance genes and traits/Gene Index and markers
- 1. Potato and sweetpotato genomics Tolerance and other genes Potato: Drought tolerance genes and traits Sweetpotato: Gene Index and markers
- 2. Genetic and genomic resources for sweetpotato
- 3. Sweetpotato genetic and genomic resources 22.000 ESTs 1500 gene sequences 1 Bac 2 Low resolution maps ~100 SSR markers LD cDNA microarray •Composite Genotype Set •Gene sequences •Markers •Map
- 4. Access to biodiversity: Composite Genotype Set 480 accessions •Biodiversity •High β-carotene •High starch •High iron and zinc contents •Nematode, virus and drought resistance -Pathogen-free in vitro plants ready for international distribution -Morphological information and molecular fingerprints (SSR genotypes) available 480 accessions •Biodiversity •High β-carotene •High starch •High iron and zinc contents •Nematode, virus and drought resistance -Pathogen-free in vitro plants ready for international distribution -Morphological information and molecular fingerprints (SSR genotypes) available http://gcpcr.grinfo.net/files/cr_files/gcpcr_file832.xls Composite Genotype SetComposite Genotype Set CIP Ipomoea batatas collection: 5,961 accessions CIP Ipomoea batatas collection: 5,961 accessions
- 5. Gene sequences Enriched for stress-related genes 2 cDNA libraries 454 sequencing Read assembly Annotation
- 6. vv Gene Index Annotation 39.299 annotated sequences – 24.763 unique sequences cell, 19341 organelle, 15130 virion, 12 symplast, 10 macromolecul. complex, 4487 membrane- enclosed lumen, 1842 envelope, 1159 extracellular region, 592 grow th, 506 multi-organism process, 935 reproduction, 1449 multicellular organismal process, 2452 developmental process, 2767 localization, 2852 biological regulation, 4183 response to stimulus, 4832 anatomical structure formation, 496 immune system process, 314 rhythmic process, 80 viral reproduction, 30 cellular process, 12576 metabolic process, 11133 binding, 10242 catalytic activity, 9097 antioxidant activity, 155 nutrient reservoir activity, 247 molecular transducer activity, 326 electron carrier activity, 352 transporter activity, 1656 transcription regulator activity, 1157 structural molecule activity, 1020 enzyme regulator activity, 437 translation regulator activity, 386 Cellular location Biological function Molecular process
- 10. Sweetpotato Gene Index Raul Cordova Jaime Arturo Pacheco
- 11. Gene Index Functional genomics -Candidate gene sequences -Microarray probes New gene-based SSR and SNP marker
- 13. SSR Marker
- 14. Other New Marker Diversity Arrays DArT Conserved Ortholog Set - COSII
- 15. Marker Application: Genepool structure Improved Varieties, breeding lines Landraces: Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa East and South-East Asia Oceania North Africa I. trifida Jonathan Feng Shu Bai Xushu 18 Jewel Wagabolige Yanshu 1 Beauregard I. trifida parent 1 I. trifida parent 2 Jonathan Feng Shu Bai Xushu 18 Jewel Wagabolige Yanshu 1 Beauregard Jonathan Feng Shu Bai Xushu 18 Jewel Wagabolige Yanshu 1 Beauregard I. trifida I. trifida LAC
- 16. Marker application: Mapping Population: Ipomoea trifida (2n) Marker: ~38 SSR 345 – 600 DArT Map: In progress 108 plants established in vitro Easy to handle linkage map Comparative genomics among sweetpotato and other crops Easy to handle linkage map Comparative genomics among sweetpotato and other crops
- 17. Potato abiotic stress tolerance
- 19. Abiotic stress tolerance is complex… Environmental constraints • Variability of natural climate stress events Genetic constraints • Tolerance traits might be polygenic and epistatic • Gene x environment interactions Difficult selection under natural stress conditions Interactions between genes and genetic background Not all tolerance traits work in all environments Efficient breeding requires information on theEfficient breeding requires information on the genetic and physiological basis of tolerance traitsgenetic and physiological basis of tolerance traits
- 20. Improving potato drought tolerance Drought- tolerant potato • Yield losses <30% at a 40 day drought spell during bulking • -minimum yield 25t/ha (~600 g/plant) • No tuber defects Drought- tolerant potato • Yield losses <30% at a 40 day drought spell during bulking • -minimum yield 25t/ha (~600 g/plant) • No tuber defects Field screening of germplasm collection (Chujoy % Cabello) Field screening of germplasm collection (Chujoy % Cabello) Identification of drought tolerance traits Identification of drought tolerance traits Trait-marker associationTrait-marker association BreedingBreeding Many susceptible and a few tolerant clones Screening tools
- 23. 1/4
- 26. Physiological traits CLONE: CANCHANCLONE: CANCHAN Stricter stomatal control, increased WUE Osmotic adjustment Higher water uptake capacity :: Stomatal resistance (s cm -1 ) 37 days after drought 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 Well-watered Drought Well-watered Drought 397077.16 397077.16 380389.1 380389.1 Osmotic potential (MPa) 39 days after drought 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 Well-watered Drought Well-watered Drought 397077.16 397077.16 380389.1 380389.1
- 27. Some, but not all key Persons
- 28. Some, but not all key Persons
- 29. Some, but not all key Persons
- 30. Some, but not all key Persons
- 31. Some, but not all key Persons
- 32. Some, but not all key Persons
- 33. Genomic Analysis Water saver Water spender Dehydration tolerant control drought resistant control drought susceptible Candidate Tolerance Gene List
- 34. Metabolites 134** 20 2316* 153 14410* 5882 11297 13999 143** 16 21017** 4035 244* 34 690 224 711* 105 1478* 719 258 68 12 12 2083** 558 Arabinose Galactose Glucose Sucrose Xylose Fructose Melibiose Raffinose Pinitol Inositol Trehalose Mannitol Proline 36 54 505 399 14853 11606 11532 15291 128 68 15717 14789 104** 12 260 400 604* 91 1723 4333 84 80 16 27 804* 300 Drought Control Drought Control 30 Tolerant Susceptible
- 35. Potato drought tolerance traitsPotato drought tolerance traits Drought PP2C PSI and II-related genes Chlororespiration-related gene ASR TFs Redox regulation Lipid transferLEA, chaperonesRFO, AS-Metabolism ABA sensitivity AOS detoxification AOS ABAPhospholipase C and D 40 GA levels Stomatal closureGrowth inhibition Leaf area reduction yield Root size C-partition Osmotic adjustment Protein protection Membrane modification PS I and II stress tolerance Photosynthesis yieldyield
- 36. Candidate gene marker Components: •PGSC-Gene models •TIGR EST database •QualitySNP (Tang et al. 2006) •HaploSNPer (Tang et al. 2008) •PolyHap (HMM)
- 37. Association genetics study Germplasm panel Marker Phenotyping Population structure: 60 mapped SSR QTL: 250 (partially) mapped SNPs (HRM genotyping) 160 clones from 3 CIP breeding populations and pre-breeding clones Water use efficiency Water uptake capacity Yield under drought Harvest index Water relations ABA Analysis: STRUCTURE, GeneStat Discovery
- 38. Acknowledgments Sweetpotato Genetic Resources CIP HQ David Tay Rosalina Tincopa Genoveva Rossel Omar Palomino Raul Cordoba Ji Young Kim Carlos Rivera Cynthia Quispe Reinhard Simon Rolando Carbonet Rocio Alagon Angie DArT Andrezej Kilian and staff E. Mondlane University Mozambique Yvone Martins Muchoa NAARI Uganda Robert Mwanga Gorettie Ssamakula Evrogen Russia Sweetpotato Genetic Resources CIP HQ David Tay Rosalina Tincopa Genoveva Rossel Omar Palomino Raul Cordoba Ji Young Kim Carlos Rivera Cynthia Quispe Reinhard Simon Rolando Carbonet Rocio Alagon Angie DArT Andrezej Kilian and staff E. Mondlane University Mozambique Yvone Martins Muchoa NAARI Uganda Robert Mwanga Gorettie Ssamakula Evrogen Russia Funding Government of Austria Government of Luxembourg GTZ Germany Funding Government of Austria Government of Luxembourg GTZ Germany Potato Stress Tolerance CIP HQ Merideth Bonierbale Raymundo Gutierrez David Tay Walter Amoros Rolando Cabello Enrique Chujoi Roberto Quiroz Carolina Barreda Diogenes Cerna Macarena Barra Amelie Gaudin Percy Rojas Carlos Alvarado CIP CAC Carlo Carli CIP ESA Fernando Ezeta Dao Huy Chien Potato Stress Tolerance CIP HQ Merideth Bonierbale Raymundo Gutierrez David Tay Walter Amoros Rolando Cabello Enrique Chujoi Roberto Quiroz Carolina Barreda Diogenes Cerna Macarena Barra Amelie Gaudin Percy Rojas Carlos Alvarado CIP CAC Carlo Carli CIP ESA Fernando Ezeta Dao Huy Chien CPRI India S.K. Pandey and his team CRP Gabriel Lippmann Daniel Evers Sylvain Legay Isabelle Levevre Virginia Tech Ruth Grene Cecilia Vasquez-Robinet Shrinivasrao Mane AAFC Canada David DeKoyer Helene Tai University of Illinois Hans Bohnert Julius Kuehn Institut Silvia Seddig Anne Pechstein Anne Badani-Dehmer CPRI India S.K. Pandey and his team CRP Gabriel Lippmann Daniel Evers Sylvain Legay Isabelle Levevre Virginia Tech Ruth Grene Cecilia Vasquez-Robinet Shrinivasrao Mane AAFC Canada David DeKoyer Helene Tai University of Illinois Hans Bohnert Julius Kuehn Institut Silvia Seddig Anne Pechstein Anne Badani-Dehmer Government of Austria Government of Luxembourg GTZ Germany Government of Austria Government of Luxembourg GTZ Germany
- 39. Molecular Breeding in Vegetables
- 40. Molecular Breeding in Vegetables