1) The project used tissue culture techniques to develop cassava varieties resistant to whiteflies and Frog Skin Disease for farmers in Cauca, Colombia. 2) Several resistant varieties were tested on farmer fields, with CM2772-3 and MPer183 showing good tolerance. 3) The project established a local seed bank managed by AMUC to sustainably supply clean planting materials to farmers through a participation release program.

1. Use of tissue culture techniques in a seed
Use of tissue culture techniques in a seed
releases programs of whiteflies and Frog Skin
Diseases resistance materials in Cauca, Colombia
Diseases resistance materials in Cauca Colombia

2. Recovery of the cassava cultivation in the
north part of Cauca's department.
p f p
In memoria of: Mr. Alfaro Mina
Roosevelt H. Escobar Pérez1,2
1Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Palmira
Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira.
2Agrobiodiversity and Biotechnology Project
r.escobar@cgiar.org
Ginés‐Mera Fellowship W k h
Gi é M F ll hi Workshop
CIAT, May 13th ‐2010

3. Cassava vs. Pineapple
pp
Whiteflies
FSD
CBB
Few l
F clones
Low prices
Soil erosion
Phythophtora
y p
Low income
High garbage
Detachment from the land and loss of ancient crops

4. The pineapple and soil erosion
The pineapple and soil erosion

5. Ginés‐Mera f ll
Gi é M fellowship project (2003‐2004)
hi j t (2003 2004)
Main objective: Production of cassava’s planting material with resistance or
tolerance to whiteflies and Frog Skin Diseases
Support by: Gines‐Mera Fellowship
Participants: AMUC, MADR, CIAT
Materials tested:
• CG489‐31 (Whiteflies resistant);
• MPer 183 , HMC 1 and CM 7951‐5, SM 563‐14 (Frog skin tolerant clones),
• MPer 183 HMC 1 and CM 7951 5 SM 563 14 (Frog skin tolerant clones)
• CM2772‐3 (high carotene content and good cooking quality).
Pilot site: Alegrías Santander de Quilichao
Pilot site: Alegrías‐Santander de Quilichao

6. Seed system developed under Ginés‐Mera
y p
fellowship program (2003‐2004)
Nataima 31, CM 2772 3
Nataima‐31, CM 2772‐3
5000 plants 500 plants each one
HMC‐1, MPer183, CM7951‐5, SM653‐14. Nataima‐31
500 plants each one

7. Relationship among financial support agencies and research
projects that allow us cover farmers seed demands
j t th t ll f dd d
CIAT‐FIDAR‐CBN
CIAT MBra
MB 383
CIAT‐IP3‐SB2
NATAIMA31 Ginés‐Mera‐CIAT MPer 183 CM 4574‐7
CM 6740‐7 CM7951‐5
MBra 383 SM653‐14
CM 523‐7 MPer 183
MPer 183 CM 4574‐7
MCol 1522 HMC‐1
HMC‐1 CM2772‐3

8. “Everyone puts, everyone wins”
Everyone puts, everyone wins

9. Number of plants produced used for the establishment
of a clean in vitro plot‐seed under field conditions.
of a lean in itro plot seed nder field onditions
Entity how receive plants
Clone AMUC SB2‐IP3 project
CG 489‐31 191 5560
MPer 183 228 360
HMC‐1
C 129
29 380
CM 2772‐3 206 340
CM 7951‐5 180 400
SG 653‐14 241 200
Sub‐Total 1175 7240

10. Hardening of cassava plantlets provided by the project
Simple conditions for plant acclimatize , established Field conditions established by CIAT SB2‐IP3 project
by farmers association

11. Behavior of in vitro cassava plantlet under farmer field
f p f f
December 2nd / 2002
June 26 / 2003
/

12. Response of in vitro cassava plants on farmers fields
Clone Repetition Yield (kg) / 10 plants Average Stand. Desv.
CM6740‐7 Rep1 42.4 41.57 0.723
Rep2 41.2
Rep3 41.1
MBRA383 Rep1 31.9 34.20 2.787
Rep2 37.3
37 3
Rep3 33.4
CM523‐7 Rep1 36.2 36.73 2.053
Rep2 35
Rep3 39
MPER183 Rep1 44.2 43.97 0.493
Rep2 43.4
Rep3 44.3
MCOL1522 Rep1 6.1 12.53 6.501
Rep2 12.4
Rep3 19.1
HMC‐1 Rep1 35 45.70 9.315
Rep2 50.1
Rep3 52
Farm of Mr. Arcadio Guaza.

13. ¿How should be management the cassava seed?
The game rules
• CIAT produce plantlets for farmers.
•Farmers association receive the planting material and planted on selected field
• First cutting cycle it was distributed among farmers members
30% f i l f h bli h f d
•Farmers must to return 30% of cutting on II cycle for the establishment of seed
bank for new members.
•Providing access to new farmers under same rules.
Local seed bank to support a release program of clean planting
Local seed bank to support a release program of clean planting
material for farmers

14. In vitro production under
rural laboratory
Field phase FS
FSD certhyfication
Cycle I Agronomic behavoir
Yield
Propagation
n
acilityes
Field phase
Rapid ‐
Cycle II‐ Cuttings
Propagation
p g
Irrigation fa
Scaling up
Field phase
CycleII ‐A
Seed delivery system

15. Training for farmers and sharing knowledge

17. Sharing experiences meeting: Colombian Farmers and technicians
from Embrapa (Brasil)‐INCA (Cuba) and CIAT
from Embrapa (Brasil) INCA (C ba) and CIAT

19. Taller Teórico‐Práctico: Nuevas Variedades de Yuca, Manejo y Control de la Mosca Blanca y el Cuero de Sapo.
Agosto 25 de 2004. Vereda Alegrías, Santander de Quilichao. Cauca

20. Results
•A certified cassava plantlet plot handled by farmer association (AMUC) to be
A certified cassava plantlet plot handled by farmer association (AMUC) to be
use on delivery (communal: 30% return rate) seed system.
•An optional crop to be use for farmer group to replace pineapple crop and
recovery of ancestral crop by them.
•An additional seed plot to be handle by CIAT‐MADR project to allow sustain
fresh planting material to release to other end‐users (handled by Gustavo
Jaramillo. Actually by Clayuca management)
Training: Management of planting material (seed quality), pest management
(with emphasis on whiteflies and Frog Skin disease's handled)

21. Project results
• 6 clones propagated by tissue culture
• 3 clones tolerant to FDS (Per 183, HMC‐1, CM 7951‐5) ☺
• New clones on farmer hands (CM 2772‐3‐yellow one) ☺
•CM 4574‐7 has the most acceptance by farmers and market ☺
CM 4574 7 h h b f d k
•Nataima 31 was accepted by farmers, it is so resistant to whiteflies but is so susceptible to
FSD.
•SM 653‐14 and MBra 383 show high susceptibility to FSD
•A new method for seed production it was socialized with farmers allow us to implement a
Participatory Research Scheme
CM 2772‐3
Nataima 31

22. Estimated farmers income by the use of clean planting material
Year of use of planting material
Income
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Yield (Ton) Area (Ha)
(Millions Colombian Pesos‐$)
4.000@ 50 5.5 12.200.00
4920@ 52.75 5.9 14.031.500
4430@ 55.375 6 15.614.430
9738@ 121.1 13.5 37.688.056
1270036@ 158.75 17 50.800.000
TOTAL 438.57
438 57 47.9
47 9 130.333.986
130 333 986
Source: AMUC data‐2009

23. People that received and its has been maintained planting
material from the AMUC CIAT Gines
material from the AMUC‐CIAT‐Gines Mera fellowship
Nombres y apellidos Vereda
Ana Joaquina Quinamayo
Jairo Lucumi Alegrías
Luis E. Zapata Z Alegrías
Alex Mera Alegrías
Edison Ocoro Alegrías
Luis Mina Alegrías
Misael Angulo Alegrías
Wilmanit Tegue Alegras
Arley Diaz
y Alegrías
g
Paublino
Ana Maria Alvarez Quinamayo
Angelantonio Mera Alegrías
Angel Custodio Diaz Alegrías
Natanael Palacios Alegrías
Carlos Guaza Alegrías
Bolívar Mina Alegrías
Cilia Zapata Alegrías
Pedro Viafara Alegrías
Daisa Lasso Alegrías
Noraida Mina Alegrías
Edita Mina Alegrías
Ana Elsy Guaza Alegrías
Eliberto Balanta Alegrías
Ligia Nur Diaz Alegrías
Reinelio Guaza Alegrías
Manuel Iginio Mina Alegrías
Eliazir Palacios Alegrías
José Walter Lasso Dominguillo
Fanor Banguero
Fanor Mina Alegrías Source: Diego Zapata‐Alfaro Mina, AMUC.2009
Diego Zapata Alegrías

24. Go back to cassava
Courtesy: Alfaro Mina ‐AMUC

25. ¿What AMUC farmers is asking for ?
¿What AMUC farmers is asking for ?
• A new seed plot of seed (refresh their material HMC‐1,
MPer 183, CM 7951‐5 y CM 2772‐3 )
• Inclusion a new clone (Raya 7), the most accepted clone.
•Help to them to maintain training on plagues and diseases
management/control
•Discuss about new uses or alternative for their products

26. El yuquero viejo aun continúa añorando el regreso de su cultivo, pues como dicen ellos
“La yuquita es parte de la cultura del norte del Cauca”.
Comentario del Sr. Alfaro Mina (Q.E.P.D.)
“……sancocho de gallina sin yuca no coge. Nosotros nos comemos un
poquito de yuca los domingos cuando la hija va el sábado y compra
una librita Uno antes estaba enseñado a comerse una mata entera
librita. entera.
Con esos pedacitos uno no le coge ni el sabor”.
Comentario del Sr. Arcadio Guazá

27. Acknowledgments
• The Gines‐Mera Fellowship • Joe Tohme and Willy Roca
• CIAT‐CBN • Steve Beebe
• CIAT‐PRGA • Anthony Belloty
• MADR Colombia
MADR‐Colombia • Alfredo Alves, Chikelu Mba,
Alfredo Alves Chikelu Mba
• FIDAR‐Colombia Elizabeth Caicedo
• Cauca′s Farmers Association: • Liliana Muñoz, Auradela Ríos,
AMUC‐Asoprosa
AMUC Asoprosa Adriana Núñez, Carlos Dorado,
Adriana Núñez Carlos Dorado
• Universidad Nacional de Álvaro Azcarate, Pablo Herrera
Colombia, Sede Palmira • Gustavo Jaramillo
• José Restrepo y Carlos Hernández
José Restrepo y Carlos Hernández
• Arcadio Guazá, Diego Zapata y
Alfaro Mina (Q.E.P.D.)