Support vector machines (SVMs) are a type of supervised machine learning algorithm used for classification and regression. SVMs learn by finding the optimal separating hyperplane that maximizes the margin between two classes of objects. SVMs can efficiently perform nonlinear classification using kernel methods. Key features of SVMs include their ability to handle high dimensional data, use different kernel functions for nonlinear classification, and avoid overfitting.

1. Support Vector Machine
SEN – 935 DATA MINING
∗ Anandha L Ranganathan
∗
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2. History
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Pre 1980s
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- Almost all learning methods learned linear decision surfaces.
- Linear learning methods have nice theoretical properties
1980s
- Almost all learning methods learned linear decision surfaces.
- Linear learning methods have nice theoretical properties
1990’s
- Efficient learning algorithms for non-linear functions based on computational learning
theory developed
- Nice theoretical properties.
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3. History
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Two independent developments within last decade
– Computational learning theory
– New efficient separability of non-linear functions that use “kernel functions”
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The resultant learning algorithm is optimization
algorithm rather than a greedy search.
What is greedy search ?
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4. Greedy search
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Find largest sum by traversing through path.
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5. Greedy search
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Find largest sum by traversing through path.
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6. Greedy search
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Find largest sum by traversing through path.
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7. Learning Theory
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A system receives data as input.
Output a function that can be predict some features of
future data.
α
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x
f
yest
f(x,w,b) = sign(w. x - b)
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8. Features of SVM's
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Not affected by local minima.
Do not suffer from the curse of dimensionality.
Have modular design that allows one to separately
implement and design other component.
Various properties of the SVM solution help avoid over
fitting, even in very high dimensional feature spaces
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9. Support Vectors
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Support vectors are data points that lie closes to the
decision surface.
But they are difficult to classify.
They have direct bearing of optimum location on the
surface.
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10. Vector Space – Primer
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d1 and d2 are 2 vectors. And sum of their distance is
d1+d2=q.
d1=2x+5y and d2=3x+2y
q=d1+d2=5x+7y
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11. Kernal – Primer
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Computing the inner products between the vectors
in the featured space.
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12. Linear Classifiers
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How would you
classify this data?
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13. Linear Classifiers
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How would you
classify this data?
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14. Linear Classifiers
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How would you
classify this data?
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15. Linear Classifiers
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How would you
classify this data?
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16. Linear Classifiers
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How would you
classify this data?
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17. Linear Classifiers
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Any of these would be
fine..
..but which is best?
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18. Classifier Margin
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Define the margin of
a linear classifier as
the width that the
boundary could be
increased by before
hitting a datapoint.
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19. Maximum Margin
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The maximum
margin linear
classifier is the linear
classifier with the
maximum margin.
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This is the simplest
kind of SVM (Called
an LSVM)
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Linear SVM

20. Formulating SVM
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21. Formulating SVM
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22. Formulating SVM
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23. Kernal - polynomial
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Idea: map to higher dimensional feature space
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24. License Plate Recognition
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25. License Plate Recognition
∗ Pre-process the image of number plate.
∗ Segment the image into several parts of which each
contains only a single character.
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26. License Plate Recognition
∗ Extract the feature vector of each normalized
candidate
∗ Recognizes the single character (a digit or a letter) by
the set of SVMs trained in advance.
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27. License Plate Recognition
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28. License Plate Recognition
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29. License Plate Recognition
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30. License Plate Recognition
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31. License Plate Recognition
∗ If there are no more unclassified samples, then STOP.
Otherwise, then repeat the process of recognition of
character.
∗ Add these test samples into their corresponding
database for further training.
∗ Recognize number plate by bringing all characters
used together
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32. Conclusion
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SVM is widely used as classify spam detection in the
market.
It supports for Linear and Non-Linear spectrum.
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33. 
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http://www.cs.ucf.edu/courses/cap6412/fall2009/papers/Berwick2003.pdf
http://physiology.med.cornell.edu/people/banfelder/qbio/resources_2011/2011_
Leslie.pdf
http://physiology.med.cornell.edu/people/banfelder/qbio/resources_2011/2011_
Leslie.pdf
http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~kathy/cs4701/documents/jason_svm_tutorial.pdf
http://www.slideshare.net/analog76/savedfiles?s_title=svm12978262&user_login=wltongxing
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