3. Bangladesh rivers receive runoff from a catchment of
1.72 million sq-km, around 12 times its land area
Ganges Basin
1,087,000 sq-km
Brahmaputra Basin
552,000 sq-km
Meghna Basin
82,000 sqkm
India India
Nepal
Bhutan
China
Context
4. Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100
The Governments of Bangladesh and the Netherlands signed an MOU on
22 May 2012 in presence of Hon’ble Prime Minster of Bangladesh.
It envisages closer cooperation in the field of sustainable delta
management, integrated water resources management, disaster
management and adaptation to climate change with special reference
to the development and implementation of a BDP 2100 General
Economic Division of Planning Commission, GOB and The Embassy of the
Kingdom of The Netherlands.
6. Mission
A strategic plan is required comprises a:
long term (50 to 100 year),
integrated and holistic vision and strategy,
to improve safe living and sound economic development in
the Bangladesh delta,
while taking climate change into account,
with a widespread socio-political support
while short term results of measures and actions are needed
to solve urgent problems; an umbrella plan.
As such, BDP 2100 should be seen as an indicative plan.
Emphasis on adequate governance is important to ensure that BDP 2100
will be implementable and acted upon
7. Delta Vision and Goal
“Ensure long term water and food security, economic growth and environmental
sustainability while effectively coping with natural disasters, climate change and other
delta issues through robust, adaptive and integrated strategies, and equitable water
governance.”
BDP2100 Vision :
BDP Goals :
Goal 1: Ensure safety from floods and climate change related disasters
Goal 2: Ensure water security and efficiency of water usages
Goal 3: Ensure sustainable and integrated river systems and estuaries management
Goal 4: Conserve and preserve wetlands and ecosystems and promote their wise use
Goal 5: Develop effective institutions and equitable governance for in country and
trans-boundary water resources management
Goal 6: Achieve optimal use of land and water resources
8. Interactive strategic planning: Developing Delta Vision
“A more or less coherent set of vision elements (principles, values, aspirations)
of an actor or coalition of a desirable delta development and the goals related
to its realization.”
Such a development can be a climate proof delta, a competing delta or a
sustainable delta. Being a complex adaptive system, for deltas such a strategic
vision or perspective is probably more likely to be a direction than an end-
picture.
Source: NWMP
9. Challenges of Delta plan
Facing water resources problems, related issues e.g. climate change
Need for long term holistic vision / strategy / plan / investments for
better future water and land management
Institutional and governance setting, making BDP 2100 approach possible
and implementable
Key points:
Long term (50 to 100 year) Delta Vision
Holistic approach with 19 themes
Scenario based adaptive strategies and interventions
Climate change one of the main drivers
Widespread socio-political support
Input for 8th Five Year Plan early 2020
Governance ensuring an implementable BDP 2100
Coordinated action for short term investment and implementation
11. Major Hotspots of Delta Plan
Mighty rivers
Coastal areas
Dhaka and other major cities
Haor-areas in the North-East
Drought prone areas in the
North West
13. Climate change
Bangladesh ranks globally among the most climate vulnerable
countries
Fifth rank in the world risk index 2016
Bangladesh suffers from increasingly
frequent and devastating natural
calamities due to its –
Geographical location
Environmental situation
Climate change
Population density and
Development stage.
About 68% of the
country is vulnerable
to flood
25 to 30% of the area
is inundated during
normal flood
Catastrophic Hazards ---Floods (1988,1998 and 2004), Cyclones and Storm Surges
(1970,1991,2007 SIDR and 2009 AILA), Tornado (1974, 1977, 2005 etc), River
Bank Erosion, Earthquake, Drought, Arsenic Contamination, Salinity Intrusion,
Tsunami and Landslide.
14. Challenges of water management in Bangladesh
Food and water scarcity during the wet and the dry seasons;
Ever-expanding water needs of a growing economy and population;
Climate change
Massive river sedimentation and bank erosion;
Deteriorating water quality day by day;
The lack of control over trans boundary rivers;
The difficulty of managing the deltaic plain;
Population growth and climate change are the main drivers of new and
improved hydrological services and products and sustainable water resource
management.
The existing policies and strategies need to be implemented with a view to
sustainable development and management of water resources for the
welfare of the common people.
15. WINNING RESILIENCE AGAINST THE ODDS
Decreased Disaster
Mortality
Steady GDP
Growth, even after
major disasters
Continue
improvement in
food production
16. TREND OF DISASTER AND ASSOCIATED
MORTALITY
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Occurance
Year
(a) Occurrence
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Death
Year
(c) Death
Occurrence: Increases
1970-1975: 2-3 events/Year
2010- 2014: 8-10 events/Year
Death: Decreases
In 2010 death reduces 1/100th from
that of 1970’s.
Disaster Trends (1970-2014)
Source: M/O Disaster Management & Relief
22. What we know
Around 20% of Bangladesh is inundated by normal flood;
More than 60% inundation occurred in extreme floods of 1988, 1998 and 2004
Around 1/4thof the country is suffering from increasing salinity due to
freshwater withdrawal in the river basins outside Bangladesh
60% of Bangladesh suffer from drought to various degrees
Water pollution increasing from industrial, domestic and agricultural sources
Deceasing trend in agricultural area is threatening food security
Frequency of water related disaster is increasing
Climate change and sea level rise is a reality; Bangladesh will be one of the
worst affected
Around 10,000 hectare of land is lost every year due to river erosion
Almost half of the population is in danger from arsenic contamination
23. New challenges of WRM
Climate change: Many areas face a drying and warming climate and thus
potentially less water availability;
Increasing vulnerability to severe weather events: the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change Technical Paper on Climate Change and Water highlights the
potential for more frequent and more severe weather events.
Growing urban demand: Increased urbanization placing greater pressure on water
supply systems as well as reducing the availability of arable land and water.
Over-allocation of existing supplies: the water has been allocated on the basis of
past availability or existing demand and not keeping in line with future availability;
Unrestricted extractions: in many areas, there are no management plans or
restrictions on water extractions
Land-use change: clear-felling, opening of new areas to agriculture all have
impacts on the water resource; Changes to land use, even within agricultural
areas, have implications for both water availability and water use;
Environmental requirements: there has been an increasing emphasis on the
requirement for environmental flows to maintain ecosystems such as wetland and
in-stream environments.
24. What we need to do
Investigate optimum utilization of surface water and groundwater for
irrigation – country-wide groundwater model required.
Implement river bank erosion monitoring, management and prediction
technology
Harnessing the opportunity of huge sediment flow to BoB by building cross
dams to reclaim land.
Pollution control in all rivers, wetlands, groundwater systems for
sustainability of aquatic ecosystem, water supply, reduce health hazard.
Regular monitoring and enforcing environmental regulation required.
Introduction of modelling, GIS and RS technologies for improved planning,
design and management of water assets and projects
Develop and implement flood and storm surge forecasting technology
25. BDP 2100 implementation: Alternative
livelihoods
Situation analysis: Regional level (farmers’ perception on
triggers)
Economic position
Soil fertility, salinity intrusion
Water quantity and quality (level of pollution)
Livelihood characteristics – General livelihood pattern of the
region
A bottom-up approach to understand the motivations and abilities
of local farmers to adopt alternative livelihoods.
26. Policy structure;
Institutional capacity analysis
Level of water pollution (water quality)
Wastewater treatment: ETPs, STPs
Water allocation/quantity
Scenario analysis
27. Motivation: Flood-Based Farming Systems and
Water Harvesting for Food Security:
• Food security and water management are interrelated and
linking food security to water management can contribute to
poverty alleviation.
• To cope with flooding and severe water scarcity, rain water
harvesting and diversion of flood water from its river bed to
low lying areas to irrigate crops; feed drinking water ponds
and recharge local aquifers is needed.
• Establishment of water user association at the local level.
28. Motivation: Alternative livelihood (problem
driven multi level adaptation)
Support to increase productivity of small indigenous fishes (e.g
mola, dhella) with tilapia, carp pollyculture in pond/rice fields.
Culture of small fishes in backyard ponds and road side ditches.
Fish culture/stocking in pens: Fry of small fishes, such as koi,
shing, magur, tengra, molla, dhela etc. can be reared in the pens for
4-5 months during monsoon.
Sea bass (koral/vetki) domestication.
High value crops instead of paddy.
Strengthen aquaculture value chain by farmer cooperatives: To
aware farmers to produce formulated/pellete feeds themselves by
locally available low cost ingredients.
In the last few decades country has invested heavily on disaster risk reduction and public investment. As a result,
disaster mortality has reduced significantly.
Despite, frequent disasters the country was able to maintain at least 6% GDP growth.
Improvement in food security.
We have achieved almost all the MDGs despite xx million people were affected since the MDG was adopted in 2005.
Sifayet to cover
--3.5 million people
On climate change:
With climate change, frequency of cyclones during November and May over the North Indian Ocean has increased twofold in the past 122 years. Using the Bay of Bengal in a hydrodynamic model, the World Bank estimates that cyclone exposed areas in Bangladesh will increase by 26% and the affected population will grow as high as 122% by 2050.
