Sustainable Solutions for the 21st Century - Opportunities for Integration of Solid Waste Conversion Technologies with Public Works

SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

Opportunities for Integration of Solid Waste Conversion
Technologies with Public Works

2012 APWA
Florida Chapter
Annual Meeting &
Annual Meeting &
Trade Show

Paul Hauck, P.E.
C
CDM Smith
S t
1715 N. Westshore Boulevard
Suite 875
Tampa, Florida 33607
(813) 281‐2900
hauckpl@cdmsmith.com
h k l@ d ith

CDM Smith’s U.S. Waste‐to‐Energy Experience

Introduction

CDM Smith’s Florida Solid Waste Experience

Introduction

My Claim to Fame – Construction Manager of
Pasco County Resource Recovery Facility

Constructed 1989-1992
$90M, 1050 TPD
32 MW

Introduction

Presentation Outline

• Emerging paradigms
• Proven and emerging waste conversion technologies
• Marriage of WTE and water resources
Marriage of WTE and water resources
• Synergistic opportunities with Public Works

Emerging Paradigms

Intended Consequences of the
Integrated Solid Waste Management Hierarchy
Integrated Solid Waste Management Hierarchy

Emerging Paradigms

The Three Rs of Recycling…Plus Two!

Emerging Paradigms

Municipal Wastes…Yesterday’s Trash…Today’s
Renewable Fuels and Wattage
Renewable Fuels and Wattage
• Municipal solid waste (MSW)
• Refuse‐derived fuel (RDF)
– Fluff Waste Conversion
– Densified
Densified Technology Options
T h l O ti
(pellets and briquettes)
• Biomass (yard and • Thermal (WTE)
wood waste) • Biological/Chemical
• Organic wastes • Physical
– F d
Food wastest
– Fats, oils, and grease (FOG)
p ( )
• Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) biosolids

Emerging Paradigms

Modern WTE Trends

•WTE facility expansions and new construction
Attention to aesthetics/LEED /innovation
•Attention to aesthetics/LEED®/innovation
•More stringent emission limits and GHG reporting
Increasing •MSW Higher Heating Value (HHV)
•Boiler/T‐G availability
•Use of reclaimed water for cooling
•Use of reclaimed water for cooling
•Gross/net electric generation
•Non‐ferrous metal recovery
•Integrated solid waste management/eco‐campus

•Resistance to WTE in established communities
•Air emissions
•Reagent consumption
•Water consumption
Decreasing •Lower PPA electric payments

Emerging Paradigms

Campus for Management of Solid Waste,
Recycling, and Water Resources
Recycling and Water Resources
Reclaimed Water
Recycled
Potable Water
Potable Water Wastewater Yard & Wood
Yard & Wood Products
Biosolids
i lid Compost Facility
ili
Treatment Plant Treatment Plant Waste Processing • compost
• mulch
Electricity • soil amendment
~
mpressed Air

Biosolids
Excess
Electricity Shredded Yard
Combustibles & Wood Waste
•Chipped Tires
Cooling & Fire Protection •Chipped Wood
Com
Used Tire / Bulky Waste
Used Tire / Bulky Waste • tire derived fuel
~ Wood & Yard Waste • crumb rubber
Resizing Facility
WTE
Electricity
Low Pressure Steam
& Compressed Air ~ Construction & Demolition • sand
Waste‐to‐Energy Combustibles
Debris Processing Facility • crushed asphalt
M
Not Requiring • crushed concrete

Concrete
Resizing

ravel

shed
and,
• metals

Rejects
Sa

Crus
Gr
M
Ash • metals
M Steam Residue WTE Ash • recycled ash
eachate to WWTP

Processing
Landfill Gas & Mined

‐ LF daily cover
Combustible Rejects

Loop for M Electricity
Facility
M ~
Combustibles

‐ road base
Industrial
Park Tenants
ects
Landfill Le

Reje • plastics
• glass
M
~
Electricity
MRF • paper
M • cardboard
Landfill Gas • metals
Reclaimed
Water Reuse Closed C&D / Inert
Active Landfill Ash Monofill
Landfill Landfill

Emerging Paradigms

Replacing Apathy with Action…NIMBI

• NIMBY…Not in My Back Yard
• BANANA…Build Absolutely Nothing Anywhere Near Anyone
• NUMBEE…Not Using My Bucks Ever, Either
• NIMEY…Not in My Election Year
NIMEY N i M El i Y
• NIMBI…Now I Must Become Involved!

Emerging Paradigms



Proven and Emerging Waste Conversion Technologies

Modern Waste‐to‐Energy (WTE)

• WTE disposes of 13% of the nation’s waste (U.S. EPA)
– 86 operating facilities
– 36 million people served
– 27 states
27 states
– Generation capacity in
excess of 2,700 MW
– 16 million MWhrs of
renewable power generated annually
– 259 million tons per year currently disposed of in landfills
p y y p
represents an additional 142,450,000 MWhrs annually
(equivalent to 16,261 MW of capacity)
• Most WTE facilities sell electricity to the local grid at lower prices
Most WTE facilities sell electricity to the local grid at lower prices
than Public Works facilities purchase at commercial rates
Proven Waste Conversion Technologies

Historical Emission Trends from Large and Small
Municipal Waste Combustors
Municipal Waste Combustors

Pollutant 1990 Emissions 2005 Emissions Percent Reduction
(TPY) (TPY)
CDD/CDF TEQ Basis * 44 15 99+%
Mercury 57 2.3 96%
Cadmium 9.6 0.4 96%
Lead 170 5.5 97%
Particulate Matter
P i l M 18,600
18 600 780 96%
HCL 57,400 3,200 94%
SO2 38,300 4,600 88%
NOx 64,900 49,500 24%

Source: EPA, August 2007
* Dioxin/furan emissions are in units of grams per year toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ), using
1989 NATO toxicity factors; all other pollutant emissions are in units of tons per year


Dominant WTE Technology in U.S.

• ~75% are massburn facilities
• ~ 17% are refuse‐derived fuel (RDF) facilities

Massburn WTE requires no pre-processing of MSW
pre-


Typical Massburn WTE Facility


Typical Massburn WTE Flow Diagram


Metals Liberated by the Combustion Process
Recovered and Recycled for Additional Revenues
Recovered and Recycled for Additional Revenues
Ferrous metals Non‐ferrous metals
everything…including the (aluminum, brass,
kitchen sink bronze, copper, gold,
silver, stainless)
, )


Non‐ferrous Metals …
Liberated and Recovered After Combustion
Liberated and Recovered After Combustion

Aluminum, brass, bronze, copper, gold, and silver
, , , pp , g ,

Dense
aluminum
aluminum
nuggets


Advantages of Massburn WTE – Minimal
Residuals to the Landfill
Residuals to the Landfill

Typical WTE Ash Residue
yp
• 75% weight reduction
• 90% volume reduction
Existing landfill life maximized due to ash
density at t i that of compacted MSW
d it t twice th t f t d


Florida Waste‐to‐Energy Facilities
12 Facilities – 607 MW of Renewable Electricity
12 Facilities – 607 MW of Renewable Electricity
Florida Waste‐to‐Energy Facilities
Bay County
B C 490 TPD
490 TPD 13.6 MW
13 6 MW
Broward County North 2,250 TPD 68 MW
Broward County South 2,250 TPD 66 MW
Miami‐Dade County 2,688 TPD 77 MW
Hillsborough County 1,800 TPD 46 MW
Lake County
Lake County 528 TPD
528 TPD 14.5 MW
14 5 MW
Lee County 1,800 TPD 58 MW
City of Tampa 1,000 TPD 22.5 MW
Palm Beach County (RDF) 2,000 TPD 62 MW
Palm Beach County (Massburn) 3,000 TPD 75 MW (first new plant in 16 years)
Pinellas County 3,000 TPD 75 MW
Pasco County 1,050 TPD 30 MW


City of Tampa Waste‐to‐Energy Facility
1,000 TPD – 22.5 MW
1 000 TPD – 22 5 MW
• Original construction: 1975
• Rebuilt as WTE: 1985
• Retrofit for CAAA: 1998‐2001

Portions of this
facility are 35 years
old and on
their third life!


Pinellas County Resource Recovery Facility
3,000 TPD – 75‐MW Electrical Output
3 000 TPD – 75‐MW Electrical Output

• Oi i l
Original construction: 1985
t ti 1985
• 1,000‐TPD expansion: 1987


Hillsborough County Resource Recovery Facility
1,800 TPD – 46 MW
1 800 TPD – 46 MW

Original 1,200‐TPD construction: 1987
O i i l 1 200 TPD t ti 1987
600‐TPD expansion completed: 2009

Compatible with the urban landscape
Compatible with the urban landscape
Commercial/industrial development has occurred around facility over 24 years!

Hillsborough County Resource Recovery Facility
1,800 TPD – 46 MW (Located Adjacent to WWTP)
1 800 TPD – 46 MW (Located Adjacent to WWTP)

8‐MGD WWTP (AWTP)

1,800‐TPD WTE


1,050 TPD – 30‐MW Electrical
1 050 TPD – 30‐MW Electrical

• Construction: 1989‐1991
Construction: 1989 1991
• $90M capital cost


Pasco County Florida
Integrated Solid Waste Management Campus
Integrated Solid Waste Management Campus


WWTP, Biosolids, and Power Also Integrated
into Pasco County ISWM Campus
into Pasco County ISWM Campus
ASH MONOFILL

WTE
SCALES

MRF

Peaking
Biosolids
Power
Stabilization
Plant
WWTP
(4 mgd)


Lee County Resource Recovery Facility
1,800 TPD – 58‐MW Electrical
1 800 TPD – 58‐MW Electrical

• Original Construction 1994
• Original construction: 1994
• 636 TPD Expansion Completed 2006
636 TPD Expansion Completed 2006
• 636‐TPD expansion completed: 2006


New 3,000‐TPD Massburn WTE to be
Added to the Palm Beach County ISWM Campus
Added to the Palm Beach County ISWM Campus


Palm Beach County, Florida (2012)
New 3,000‐TPD Massburn WTE Rendering
Incorporating Both Sustainability and Aesthetics


Proposed 3,000‐TPD Massburn WTE Facility
Layout in Palm Beach County, Florida 2012
Layout in Palm Beach County Florida 2012


Palm Beach County, Florida
New 3,000‐TPD Massburn WTE Rendering
Incorporating Rainwater Harvest (First 2”)

2 MG


Proposed Visitors Center
Proposed Visitors Center


Innovative Water Recycling Process
“Better Than Zero Discharge”
Better Than Zero Discharge
• Cascading water recycling
– Clean water with low
minerals/solids

– Wastewater with high
minerals/solids

– Wastewater with high
minerals/solids/contact
with ash


PBC New WTE Project – Sustainability Options
Recycled Water Supply Sources
Recycled Water Supply Sources

Monthly Water Sources at Normal Conditions
Monthly Water Sources at Normal Conditions
100%

90%
and

80%
Total Dema

70%

60%
Percent of To

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
8.2% Average 60.1% Average 31.7% Average
Harvested Rainfall Cooling Tower Blowdown Water Industrial Supply Water


PBC New WTE Project
Continuing the Trend to Lower Emission Limits
Continuing the Trend to Lower Emission Limits
Emission Unit US EPA MACT PBC Permit Limit
Units Mg/dscm 7% O2
/d
Particulate 20 12
Cadmium 0.010 0.010
Lead 0.140 0.125
Mercury 0.050 0.025
Sulfur Dioxide
Sulfur Dioxide 30 24
Hydrogen Chloride 25 20
Carbon Monoxide (4 hr) 100 100
Nitrogen O id (24 h )
Ni Oxide (24 hr) 150 50

Nitrogen Oxide (annual) 90 45*
Dioxin/Furan
Dioxin/Furan ** 13 10
**ng/dscm 7%O2 * Month

Hennepin County WTE Welcomes
Minnesota Twins into the Neighborhood!
Minnesota Twins into the Neighborhood!

HERC WTE Facility
y
(1987)

Target Field (2010)


HERC WTE Facility…
Compatible with the Urban Landscape!
Compatible with the Urban Landscape!

Hennepin Energy Recovery Center


Advantages of Massburn WTE – Reliability

• Proven in hundreds of installations worldwide
• Base loaded “renewable” electrical generation (24/7/365)
• High system availability
– B il
Boiler availability (90‐92%)
il bilit (90 92%)
– Turbine‐generator availability (98‐99%)
• Ability to process problematic wastes
Ability to process problematic wastes
– High moisture (biosolids, food waste, vegetative waste)
– Carpet, asphalt shingles, non‐recyclable plastics
– Out‐of‐date pharmaceuticals and controlled substances
• Ability to process wide range of waste fuels
– 3 800 to 6 000 btu/pound
3,800 to 6,000 btu/pound


Advantages of Massburn WTE ‐ Economic

• Financeable projects
– Attractive interest rates for 20‐ to 30‐year amortization
– Demonstrated technology‐bond buyers are not risk takers!

• Stabilizes solid waste disposal costs over long‐term
– System‐wide costs may drop by 35% upon retirement of debt
(Recent Kent County, Michigan experience 2010)


STATE EMERGING (Higher Risk) PROVEN (Lower Risk)
of
TECHNOLOGY PILOT SCALE DEMONSTRATION MARKET ENTRY MARKET MARKET
PENETRATION MATURITY

Biomass Co‐firing
Fluidized
Direct (utility Stoker
Bed
Combustion boilers)

Small Gasifier/
/
IC Engine
Biomass
Gasification Gasification –
& Pyrolysis
& Pyrolysis Boilers, Kilns
Boilers, Kilns

Pyrolysis and
Depolymerization

Massburn WTE &
Other Conversion Processes 1
Other Conversion Processes
Waste‐to‐
Waste‐to‐ RDF Combustion2
Energy
Co‐ Digestion Anaerobic Digestion

1. Includes RDF gasification, plasma gasification, and pyrolysis
2. RDF = Refuse‐derived fuel
RDF = Refuse‐derived fuel

Emerging Waste Conversion Technologies

Enhanced Revenues of Ethanol from MSW
Only Time Will Tell…
Only Time Will Tell
• Potentially 2‐3 times the revenue stream of electricity


Many Options for Emerging
Waste‐to‐Ethanol Conversion Technologies
Waste‐to‐Ethanol Conversion Technologies
Biochemical Pathways Thermochemical Pathways
• Acid Hydrolysis
Acid Hydrolysis • Thermal Gasification/Biological
Thermal Gasification/Biological
– Proven technology, developed post Fermentation
WW2 – Syngas (CO, H2, CH4, and CO2)
– 1/3 of carbon “lost” to CO2 – Only tested in laboratory, but may be
– High water demand
High water demand “low cost” option
low cost option
– Expensive metallurgy – Inconsistent quality (bacteria may
produce other alcohol products)
• Enzymatic Hydrolysis – Long residence time needed for high
conversion efficiency
– Can be located with conventional
Can be located with conventional
– 1/3 of carbon “lost” to CO2
• Thermal Gasification/Catalytic
– High water demand Synthesis
– High cost of enzymes – Syngas (CO, H2, CH4, and CO2)
– No biological component, allows
higher temperature and has lower
water demand
– Catalyst can’t mutate or alter biology
– Alcohol is a consistent quality but
Alcohol is a consistent quality, but
product is not pure ethanol, but a
blend of alcohols

Biomass‐to‐Ethanol Production Pathways

Grain Starch

Fermentation
Material
Cane Handling Alcohol
Alcohol
Sugar
& Refining
Refining
Processing

Biomass Cellulose Gasification


Ineos Waste‐to‐Biofuel Project Status
Indian River County, Florida
Indian River County Florida
• CDM Smith supporting role
– DOE
DOE grant application: $50M awarded in 2009
t li ti $50M d d i 2009
– Prepared NEPA compliance/environmental permit applications
– Civil site/facility infrastructure design
• Construction started 1Q 2011
Construction started 1Q 2011
• Anticipated startup 3Q 2012 with full production by 4Q 2012


Catalytic Depolymerization
of Carbonaceous Wastes
of Carbonaceous Wastes

For P d i
F Production of f
Synthetic Diesel and
Bio Oil

• Cardboard / paper
• Fats, Oils and Grease
• Plastics and PVC
• Used Tires / Rubber
Used Tires / Rubber
• Waste oils
• Landscape Wastes
• Wood Wastes


AlphaKat Process Status in US

• Exclusive license in U.S. to Covanta Energy for MSW feedstock
– Process employs a turbine, heat, and a catalyst to convert
wastes into diesel fuel
• Test facility started construction in Spring of 2009
Test facility started construction in Spring of 2009
• Commercial scale testing commenced in early 2010
• Partial funding via U.S. DOD in 2009 ($1.4M)
• Testing continues through end of 2012
• Marketing plan under development




WTE and Water Resources

Water – Energy Nexus

• Water and energy issues are inextricably linked
• Lower quality water supply sources require higher levels
of treatment
• Higher levels of treatment require greater inputs of energy
Higher levels of treatment require greater inputs of energy
– Pumping from greater depths/distances
– Membrane treatment processes require energy for pressure
– Disinfection treatments are often electrically derived
(ultraviolet light, ozone)


Economic Sustainability – Maximizing Benefits
via Integrated Solid Waste and Water Resources
via Integrated Solid Waste and Water Resources

Solid Waste
Recycling
Potable Water
P bl W
Wastewater
Reclaimed Water
Stormwater
Transportation
Parks & Recreation
Facilities
Fleet Services
Public Works
Public Works

Energy Intensity Ranges of
Proven Water Treatment Processes
Proven Water Treatment Processes
Energy Intensity
Water Resource Treatment Technology
Treatment Technology
(kWh/MG)
(k h/ )
Groundwater Conventional softening, filtration, and disinfection 150 – 750

Surface Water Conventional softening, filtration, and disinfection 150 – 750

Brackish Water Reverse osmosis/membrane 4,000 – 10,000

Seawater Reverse osmosis/membrane
/ 10,000 – 20,000
, ,

Seawater Multi‐Stage Flash Evaporation (MSF)/Multiple Effect 20,000 – 100,000
Distillation (MED)
Reclaimed Water
Reclaimed Water Reverse osmosis/membrane
Reverse osmosis/membrane 10,000 15,000
10 000 – 15 000

Reclaimed Water Multi‐Stage Flash Evaporation (MSF)/Multiple Effect 15,000 – 20,000
Distillation (MED)
Wastewater
W Biological treatment/disinfection
Bi l i l t t t/di i f ti 1,000 – 5,000
1 000 5 000


WTE and WWTP Facilities
Make Good Neighbors
Make Good Neighbors

8‐MGD WWTP (AWTP)

1,800 TPD/46 MW
WTE Facility

Adjacent AWTP powered by energy from WTE (Aug 08)

Potential Annual Net Savings to Public Works
@ 3 Cents/kWh Spread
@ 3 Cents/kWh Spread

$20,000,000
$20 000 000

$18,000,000
500 TPD
avings

$16,000,000 WTE
ntial Annual Sa

$14,000,000 1000 TPD
000
WTE
$12,000,000
1500 TPD
$10,000,000 WTE
Poten

$8,000,000 2000 TPD
WTE
$6,000,000
2500 TPD
$4,000,000
$4 000 000 WTE
$2,000,000 3000 TPD
WTE
$‐
0 20 40 60 80 100
Percent of WTE Electricity Used Internally


Potential Annual Net Savings to Public Works @
4 Cents/kWh Spread
4 Cents/kWh Spread

$30,000,000
$30 000 000
ual Savings

500 TPD WTE
$25,000,000
1000 TPD
otential Annu

$20,000,000 WTE
1500 TPD
$15,000,000 WTE
2000 TPD
2000 TPD
Po

WTE
$10,000,000
2500 TPD
WTE
$5,000,000
3000 TPD
3000 TPD
WTE
$‐
0 20 40 60 80 100
Percent of WTE Electricity Used Internally


Candidate Florida Renewable Energy Project
Municipal Utility Campus
Existing landfill
Existing wastewater treatment
E i ti t t t t t
plant
(~ 13‐MW electrical demand)

Potential waste‐to‐energy plant sized to meet
electrical power demands of water treatment Future water reclamation plant
projects (1,200 TPD @ 30‐MW output)
j t (1 200 TPD @ 30 MW t t) (~ 17 MW Electrical Demand)
( l i l d)


Municipal Utility Campus Synergies

Integration of waste‐to‐energy with
water and wastewater treatment plants
water and wastewater treatment plants
Solid Waste Excess Electricity to Grid
WTE
Electricity to
Utility Complex

Sanitary Waste Reclaimed Reclaimed Water to Grid
WWTP Water

Wet Potable Water
Excess Stormwater to Grid
Weather WTP
Storage Wells


Optimizing Energy and Water Production
Optimizing Energy and Water Production
Water and electricity production can be
varied by time of day to meet peak demands

Electricity

Water Water

Electricity
Electricity Water
Water
Production Production
Electricity Electricity

Off Peak Peak Electric Off Peak
Demand

Time of Day
Time of Day




Synergistic Opportunities with Public Works

Candidate Renewable Energy Project
Opportunities on Wastewater Treatment Sites
Opportunities on Wastewater Treatment Sites

Heat Recovery Effluent
y
Wind Energy

Solar Energy

Waste-to-Energy

Co-digestion Reclaimed
(Organic waste and FOG) Water
Biogas Use
(CHP and CNG)
d
Biosolids to Fertilizer


Wastewater Treatment Plants Can Be Viewed As
Water/Biosolids/Energy Resource Centers
Water/Biosolids/Energy Resource Centers

Fuel
Solar and Wind

Organic
Waste
Energy (Heat, Power)
Power)

Wastewater
Wastewater

Biosolids & Nutrients
(Fuel & Fertilizer)
Reclaimed
R l i d
Water


Co‐digestion of Organic Waste
with Wastewater Solids
with Wastewater Solids
Food
Industry
Waste Wastewater Solids

Animal
Manure and
Crop Cogen
Wastes

Institutional Anaerobic
Organic Digestion
Waste

Residential Landfill
Organic
Waste

62

Biosolids as a Resource
Sludge +
Organic Waste Biogas

Land
Amendment Application

Thickening Dewatering
Soil
Anaerobic Amendment
Digestion
Fertilizer
Syngas
Drying
Char
Ch Pyrolysis
P l i Char
Gasification
Ash
Dewatering
Incineration with
Energy Recovery

Regional Biosolids Processing Facility
Regional Biosolids Processing Facility


Campus for Management of Solid Waste,
Recycling, and Water Resources
Recycling and Water Resources
Reclaimed Water
Recycled
Potable Water
Potable Water Wastewater Yard & Wood
Yard & Wood Products
Biosolids
i lid Compost Facility
ili
Treatment Plant Treatment Plant Waste Processing • compost
• mulch
Electricity • soil amendment
~
mpressed Air

Biosolids
Excess
Electricity Shredded Yard
Combustibles & Wood Waste
•Chipped Tires
Cooling & Fire Protection •Chipped Wood
Com
Used Tire / Bulky Waste
Used Tire / Bulky Waste • tire derived fuel
~ Wood & Yard Waste • crumb rubber
Resizing Facility
WTE
Electricity
Low Pressure Steam
& Compressed Air ~ Construction & Demolition • sand
Waste‐to‐Energy Combustibles
Debris Processing Facility • crushed asphalt
M
Not Requiring • crushed concrete

Concrete
Resizing

ravel

shed
and,
• metals

Rejects
Sa

Crus
Gr
M
Ash • metals
M Steam Residue WTE Ash • recycled ash
eachate to WWTP

Processing
Landfill Gas & Mined

‐ LF daily cover
Combustible Rejects

Loop for M Electricity
Facility
M ~
Combustibles

‐ road base
Industrial
Park Tenants
ects
Landfill Le

Reje • plastics
• glass
M
~
Electricity
MRF • paper
M • cardboard
Landfill Gas • metals
Reclaimed
Water Reuse Closed C&D / Inert
Active Landfill Ash Monofill
Landfill Landfill


Integrated Aggregate Recycling Project

Public Works Recycling Complex
Ferrous and Nonferrous Metals
Construction & Demolition C&D Scrap Metal Recycler
Processing Yard and Wood Waste Biomass Recyclers
Wastes Combustibles Facility • ethanol (fuel)
Sorted Aggregates
• power
• wood wastes • stone • compost
• plastic • brick
• paper • roof tile Construction Products
Construction Products
• shingles • concrete
• tires • asphalt • asphalt
• glass Aggregate • concrete products
• ceramics Classification • drain field rock
• flowable
• flowable fill
Facility • road base
• structural fill
• soil cement
Electricity to
Recycling
Recycling Sized Ash
Sized Ash
Complex Products Portland Cement
Waste‐to‐Energy Ash Manufacturer
Municipal (WTE) Processing Feedstock
Scrap Metal Recyclers
Solid Waste Facility Bottom Ash
Facility (Al, Ca, Fe, Si)

Ferrous Metals Ferrous and Nonferrous Metals Building Products
• insulation
insulation
• tile
Fly Ash Frit
Industrial Wastes Vitrified Glass Frit
Vitrification
Processing and Fiber Products
and Fiber Products
• slags/ashes
• slags/ashes
• contaminated soils Facility
• sludges
• sludges
• other problematic
• other problematic
wastes

INPUTS MATERIAL PROCESSING RECYCLING MARKETS


Future WTE Ash Recycling Opportunity
Blending Ash with Crushed Concrete
Blending Ash with Crushed Concrete


Public Works Recycling

Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) millings stockpiled for future crushing/
R l dA h l P (RAP) illi k il d f f hi /
screening…for internal use or sale

City of Tampa Public Works Recycling

Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) millings sized at <1/2 inch and
stockpiled for Public Works projects

City of Tampa Public Works Recycling

Toilet bowls and household ceramics stockpiled at City of Tampa
T il b l dh h ld i k il d Ci fT
Public Works yard for later crushing and sizing to <1/2 inch

WTE Bottom Ash Recycling Raw Material for
Production of Portland Cement
Production of Portland Cement
Portland Typical WTE
Component Cement Clinker Ash
Silica (SiO2) 18‐24 22‐24 24
Aluminia
Al i i (Al2O3) 4‐8
48 5 6
Ferric Oxide (Fe2O3) 2‐5 0‐3 3
Lime (CaO) 62‐67 68‐71 37

Source: Defending
the Character of Ash,
Richard W Goodwin
W. Goodwin,
1992


Future WTE Plants – Typical Elevation View

Options for Recycling: Options for WTE
1. Single Stream MRF Basement Area:
Basement Area:
2. Multi Stream MRF 1. Maintenance Shop
3. Dirty MRF 2. Ash Processing
4. C&D Recycling 3. Special Recycling

Alternate WTE
Waste Basement Basement Area

Recycling Processes Tipping Building Refuse Building Boiler Building Air Pollution Control Bldg. Stack


US Department of Energy
Office of Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy 2005 New Industry – BioRefinery
PRODUCTS
Fuels:
– Ethanol
– Renewable Diesel
– Renewable Gasoline
–H d
Hydrogen
S
U Power:
G – Electricity
A – Heat (co-generation)
R
Chemicals
or – Plastics
– Solvents
H
– Chemical Intermediates
Y
Biomass D Conversion – Phenolics
R – Adhesives
Feedstock O Processes – Furfural
C – Fatty Acids
– Trees A – Acetic Acid
R
– Enzymatic Fermentation
y – Carbon Black
– Grasses B – Gas/Liquid Fermentation – Paints
– Agricultural Crops O – Acid Hydrolysis/Fermentation – Dyes, Pigments, and Ink
– Agricultural Residues N
– Gasification – Detergent
S – Etc.
– Forest Residues – Pyrolysis
y y
– Animal Wastes Food, F d F l
F d Feed, Fuel,
– Combustion
– Municipal Solid Waste Fiber, & Fertilizer
– Co-firing

What Will it Take for a
Resurgence in WTE/Conversion Projects?
Resurgence in WTE/Conversion Projects?

• Stewardship
• Sustainability
• Synergy
• Sizzle and
• NYMBI…Now You Must Become Involved!
NYMBI Now You Must Become Involved!

Conclusion

Thank You for the Opportunity to Share
…and Imagineer!
and Imagineer!

Paul Hauck, P.E.
CDM Smith
1715 N. Westshore
1715 N. Westshore Boulevard, Suite 875
Tampa, Florida 33607
(813) 281
(813) 281‐2900
(813) 281‐
hauckpl@cdmsmith.com

Conclusion

Sustainable Solutions for the 21st Century - Opportunities for Integration of Solid Waste Conversion Technologies with Public Works

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