Plastic waste into fuel.

1. SEMINAR ON
CONVERSION OF PLASTIC WASTE INTO FUEL
Guided By,
Mr. D.R.Gawande
By,
Mr. Pranav P. Kulkarni

2. INTRODUCTION
 It is estimated that out of 100%municipal solid
waste, approximately 4 to 5 % of post consumer
plastic waste generated in India. Because our Day
starts from plastic tooth brush and ends upon foam
pillow.
 Non-biodegradability is one of the important
properties of most of the plastic , waste plastic
material are dumped for land filling and they
becomes “mummified” after decades.

3. NEED
1) To protect environment and human being. The
accumulation of plastic waste from environment. It
can be harmful to environmental and human being.
2) To serve the natural resource. Generally the plastic
can be derived from the hydrocarbons /crude oil. It
can be reprocessed and converted the fuel.
3) To save energy.
4) To prevent accumulation of plastic waste.
5) To obtain valuable product.

4. SELECTION
High heat combustion.
Types of plastic.
Non-hazardous & combustible.
Less flue gas composition & less ash
contain.

5. QUALITY DEPENDS DURING CONVERSION
 Smooth feeding to conversion equipment –
pre-treatment required.
 Effective conversion into fuel product.
 Well controlled combustion.
 Clean flue gas in user facilities.

6. CLASSIFICATION
Types of polymer
consisting of
Descriptions Examples
Carbon & hydrogen High heat value and
clean exhaust gas.
PE, PP, PS
Oxygen Lower heat value than
above plastic.
PET, phenolic resin,
polyvinyl alcohol,
polyoxymethylene.
Nitrogen & sulphur Flue gas composition
such as the Nox or
Sox. Cleaning is
required.
Polyamide,
polyurethane,
polyphenylene
sulphide.
Halogens of chlorine,
bromine and fluorine
Source of hazardous
and corrosive flue gas
upon thermal
treatment and
combustion.
Polyvinyl chloride,
polyvinylidene
chloride, bromine-
contaning flame
retardants.

7. FUEL PRODUCTION
 Definition-
“Solid fuel is prepared from both municipal and
industrial non-hazardous waste. Additionally, the
solid fuel outlined here excludes coal and coal-
derived fuels as well as solid bio-fuels such as
firewood and dried manure but it may contain bio-
fuels as a component.”
 Types -
1. Refuse derived fuel.
2. Refuse derived paper & plastic densified fuel.

8. PRODUCTION METHOD
 Pre-treatment includes coarse shredding and
removal of non-combustible materials.

9.  Pellet production comprises secondary shredding
and pelletization (<200°C).

10. PRODUCTS & BYPRODUCTS
 RDF
 RPF
 Ash
 Heavy metal

11. LIQUID FUEL PRODUCTION
 Definition-
Liquid fuel within this compendium is
defined as plastic-derived liquid
hydrocarbons at a normal temperature and
pressure. Only several types of
thermoplastics undergo thermal
decomposition to yield liquid hydrocarbons
used as liquid fuel. PE, PP, and PS, are
preferred for the feedstock of the production
of liquid hydrocarbons.

12. PRODUCTION METHOD

13. PRODUCT & BYPRODUCT
 Diesel, kerosene, gasoline.
 Methane, ethane, propylene, butane.
 Carbon residue.
 Nitrogen oxide.
 Hydrogen chloride & dioxine.

14. GASEOUS FUEL PRODUCTION
 The gaseous fuel described in this report refers to
the flammable gas obtained from the thermal
treatment of waste plastics. There are two types of
gaseous fuel:
 Gaseous hydrocarbon: hydrocarbons that are in a
gaseous state under normal
 temperature and pressure (0 °C, 1 atm).
 Synthesis gas or syngas: mixture of hydrogen and
carbon monoxide

15. PRODUCTION METHOD

16. PRODUCT & BYPRODUCT
Type of waste Pyrolysis conditions Typical products
Polyethylene,
polypropylene
Inert atmosphere, 700 – High-BTU gas (e.g. 9000
kcal/Nm3); Hydrocarbon
gas like Methane and
ethylene. Liquid
hydrocarbon
Aromatic polymer,
carbonous
substances,
carbohydrates like
wood in addition to the
Air, steam atmosphere, Low-BTU gas (e.g. 800-
1800 kcal/Nm3);
Hydrogen,
carbon monoxide, carbon
dioxide and nitrogen.
Methane formation
increases the heating
value to
give medium-BTU gas.

17. ADVANTAGES
Environmental benefits:
 Conservation of natural resources.
 Reduction in dependence of fossil fuel.
 Alleviation of landfill burden.
 Conversion of waste into fuel.
 Less smoke & soot emmition.
 Effects of feed variation collected from municipal
waste have been studied & offers complete solution
for waste plastic disposal.

18. Economic benefits:
 Low rpm machines such as electric generation
turbines required.
 Low level post treatment sufficient for refining
purpose.
 Improvement in product quality from variety of feed
generated from municipal plastic waste has been
achieved.
 Less cost.
 Batch process has been successfully converted into
continuous process.

19. DISADVANTAGES
 Flue gas pollution by contamination of nitrogen
sulphur & halogens.
 Some times product yields lower & shorten the
lifetime of reactor for pyrolysis.
 Higher temperature required.
 It is not allowed for all plastic wastes.
 Technology requires skillful operator & careful
handling.

20. APPLICATIONS
 D.G. sets for generation of electricity.
 In Boiler.
 As input feed for petroleum refineries.
 Fuel for domestic vehicles e.g. bikes, car, bushes,
trucks, trains, boats and heavy equipments and
cars.

21. FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
 It is sure that there will be a grand diversity in the
market. Simultaneouly, the landfill burden
decreases, which essential for maintaning the
environmental balance.
 The plastic field may remarkably use in fuel for
agriculture pump and boilers .It is also used as
marine fuel. It has been already tested that plastic
fuel has a large scope in domestic fuel application It
is suitably used in pipes, bikes, cars, train , trucks,
buses and heavy equipment, etc. D.G. sets and
generators can also run successfully.petroleum
refining is feeded by plastic.

22. CONCLUSION
 The conversion of plastic waste into fuel is
economical as well as environmentally safe. We
can conserve the natural resources like crude oil
due to this energy saved. We can used plastic
waste fuel as fossil fuel. It is less hazardous to
human being due to this automatically plastic waste
management happen.
 This fuel can be used in car boiler with slight
modification in fuel tank design fuel feeding system.
so it is best solution.

23. REFERENCES
 WWW. Plastic 2 petrol com.
 WWW. envis-icpe. com
 Textbook of organic chemistry
 Unit process in organic synthesis.

24. ANY
QUERIES ?????

25. THANK U !!!