Sustainable Passivhaus School Design
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Architype presentation given to the local branch of Council of Educational Facility Planners International (CEFPI) at the Ministry of Education, Wellington NZ, 19 February 2014.
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Sustainable Passivhaus School Design
- 2. Elrond Burrell ! Associate, Architype Ltd elrond.burrell@architype.co.uk
- 3. We design Life Enhancing! Genuinely Sustainable Architecture!
- 5. Make Time!
- 6. Make Time! “The community love their building, they feel it belongs to them, the respect it and care for it” “The layout really works for us, because the architects listened to our ideas and responded to our ethos and practical needs” “The building has helped us move from Satisfactory to Good in our latest Ofsted”
- 17. Performance!
- 18. ‘Standard’ Performance! Most school buildings do not perform in terms of user comfort Most school buildings use 5+ times as much energy as predicted HOW do we change this?
- 19. High Performance! Monitor buildings and learn from our mistakes Support users in occupying their buildings Avoid tick box compliance processes Set standards + Use techniques that will deliver them
- 21. Passivhaus!
- 22. What is Passivhaus?! Rigorous energy standard Rigorous comfort standard Rigorous quality assurance standard
- 23. photovoltaics solar thermal Biomass gs heat pump Heating energy 120 kWh/m2 Primary energy 300+ kWh/m2 Consumption and carbon emissions offset by renewables
- 24. 0.6 ac @ 50 pascals Heating energy 15 kWh/m2 Primary energy 120 kWh/m2 0.6 ac @ 50 pascals energy consumption and carbon emissions reduced simply by using less energy! gas boiler
- 25. Passivhaus performance! 120 kWh 310 kWh 189 kWh 120 kWh 15 kWh 105 kWh Primary energy Thermal Heating
- 26. Measured performance! 120 kWh 310 kWh 189 kWh 120 kWh 15 kWh 105 kWh Passivhaus buildings are performing BETTER than predicted 58 kWh 15 kWh 43 kWh Primary energy Thermal Heating
- 27. Measured ‘Standard’! 120 kWh 189 kWh 120 kWh 15 kWh 105 kWh Passivhaus buildings are performing BETTER than predicted 58 kWh 15 kWh 43 kWh 310 kWh Primary energy Thermal Heating
- 28. Achieving Passivhaus?! Meet a series of technical standards Building fabric U-values of 0.15, windows/doors of 0.8 Airtightness of 0.6 @50 pascals Eliminate thermal bridging Model the building using PHPP Optimise the orientation, form and fabric Prove thermal energy is below 15 kWh/m2.a Prove primary energy is below 120 kWh/m2.a Confirm within limits of overheating Undergo the rigorous certification process
- 29. Love Passivhaus!! It’s based on sound building physics and evidence It’s based on reducing energy by design, instead of offsetting carbon with add-ons or off-site ‘allowable solutions’ It encourages integrated design thinking + rigorous discipline It drives simplicity of form, detailing and construction It works! Clients + Users love it!
- 30. Optimising the Form! Oakmeadow Primary School Bushbury Hills Primary School
- 31. How deep?! Single storey Two storey 14m deep 18m deep 22m deep 22mdeepfaceE/W 14m deep 18m deep 22m deep 22mdeep faceE/W
- 32. Rational plan! Ground floor plan: Oakmeadow Primary School
- 33. Poetic spaces! Section: Oakmeadow Primary
- 34. Design Out TBs! Structural slab Load Insulation Insulation Structural slab Load Insulation Insulation
- 35. Model + Test! Structural slab Load Insulation Insulation Structural slab Load Insulation Insulation
- 37. …Or Out!
- 38. Design In Airtightness! By simplifying every detail
- 39. Optimise SG & Vent’n! Simple efficient window arrangement Simple secure night ventilation grilles
- 40. Optimise MVHR & Ducts! Fresh air supplied to all main rooms MVHR
- 41. Collaborate! Across the whole team - consultants, specialists, client, contractor, and supply chain
- 42. Design Quality! No compromise of brief, client aspiration, architectural quality or sustainable materials palette
- 48. Client Outcomes! “We feel that our children are more alert and attentive in lessons due to the amount of daylight in classrooms and the fresh air throughout the school. The fact that the new school is built to passivhaus standards means that learning has been enhanced. Our pupils are comfortable, secure and stimulated by their new environment; hence they learn very well!” Sara Morris: Head Teacher, Oak Meadow Primary School
- 49. Delivered performance! “Our gas bill was 90% less in the first year of occupying our new building, compared to the old one” Sara Morris: Head Teacher, Oak Meadow Primary School
- 50. Breathe easy!
- 51. What about Acoustics?! Good acoustics are important Cellular designs easily comply BUT…
- 52. Acoustics! Not all teaching needs to be enclosed Open plan spaces offer different educational and social experiences Open plan spaces can enhance daylight and ventilation
- 53. Designing hub spaces! Suitable activities More absorption Better absorption Factor in absorption of cloaks etc.
- 57. GROUND FLOOR Total Gross Internal Area 1427.6 Sq m CANOPY CANOPY CANOPY CANOPY NURSERY TOILETS RECEPTION TOILETS B SHOWER TROLLEY Nom. 1950 x 750mm A B C A C AUXILLARY AREAS STORAGE MULTI-USE AREAS COMMUNITY FACILITIES CIRCULATION NURSERY 79.3m! RECEPTION PE. STORE STAGE/ SPECIAL STORE 9.8 CENTRAL STOCK ROOM ACC. TOILET ACC. TOILET REPRO. COMMU. STORE SPEC. STORE 4.5 COMMUNITY ROOM YEAR 3 YEAR 4 YEAR 5YEAR 6 KITCHEN SERVERY/ CHAIR STORE INTERVIEW ROOM 8.3 GROUP ROOM SENco HYGIENE ROOM MAIN HALL YEAR 1 YEAR 2 KS2 BOYS TOILETS 9.1 KS2 GIRLS TOILETS 9.1 SPECIAL STORE 12.5 GROUP ROOM KS1 BOYS TOILETS KS1 GIRLS TOILETS SOFT READING AREA LIBRARY AREA ICT AREA PRACTICAL AREA FOOD TECHNOLOGY READING AREA OFFICE DRY STORE TOILET LOBBY LOCKERS LOCKERS LOCKERS LOCKERS LOCKERS LOCKERS LOCKERS STAFFROOM FOOD PREP STO. 1.1 GENERAL OFFICE SEN THERAPY/ MI ROOM HEAD OFFICE/ MEETING ROOM MAIN RECEPTION/ WAITING AREA 18.1 Possiblefuturefoldingpartition LOBBY 6.7 OPENING ROOF LIGHT BARRIER MATTING WET AREA BARRIER MATTING WET AREABARRIER MATTING WET AREA BARRIER MATTING WET AREA BARRIER MATTINGWET AREA BARRIER MATTING WET AREA BARRIER MATTING WET AREA BARRIER MATTING WET AREA CANOPY LOW LEVEL PARTITION LOWLEVELPARTITION 2.2mFOLDINGPARTITION 2.2mFOLDINGPARTITION BARRIER MATTING BARRIER MATTING BARRIER MATTING SERVER LOCATION (TBC) CARETAKER/ CLEANER STORE LOCKERS CLOAKS CLOAKS 2.2mFOLDINGPARTITION CIRCULATION 32.6 CIRCULATION 10.2 CIRCULATION 11.6 KEY STAGE 2 HUB SPACE 152.8 KEY STAGE 1 HUB SPACE 78.6 Possible Access Hatch PLANT ROOM 26.8 CIRCULATION 16.7 FIRST FLOOR Total Gross Internal Area 44.3 Sq m
- 66. How about the cost?!
- 67. Comparative Costs! Capita Symonds ‘typical sustainable school’ St Luke’s 2009 BREEAM Excellent Oakmeadow Passivhaus School £2,151/sqm £2,080/sqm £1,780/sqm
- 68. Building services costs! Capita Symonds ‘typical sustainable school’ St Luke’s 2009 BREEAM Excellent Oakmeadow Passivhaus School + Reduced M&E = Reduced maintenance costs £454/sqm £357/sqm £323/sqm
- 69. Conclusion!
- 70. Sustainable Schools! Design elegance = less costs More design time = efficient construction Right standard + evidence based = high performance
- 72. This Does Work!
- 73. Progress?! Base design on the evidence of what actually works Strive for simplicity of design to deliver more for less Image: Albert, Righter and Tittman Architects